Transcript Slide 1

Camera Introduction
Presented by
 Shaughan 
Digital Cameras
• 2 Main Types – Compact (Point & Shoot)
– Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR)
Digital Cameras
• Compact (Point & Shoot)
Digital Cameras
• Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR)
Digital Cameras
Digital Cameras
Digital Cameras
Sensor
Camera Control
?? Auto or Manual ??
Camera Control
Auto
• Focus.
– Cameras have one or more focus zones or
areas, each of which is often indicated in the
viewfinder with cross hairs, boxes or brackets.
• Exposure
– Programmed auto exposure measures light
reflecting from the scene and uses these
readings to set the best possible exposure.
Camera Control
Auto
• Focus.
– Cameras have one or more focus zones or
areas, each of which is often indicated in the
viewfinder with cross hairs, boxes or brackets.
• Exposure, White Balance, Shutter
Speed, ISO, Aperture & Flash
– All controlled by the camera.
Camera Control
Auto
• White Balance
– The colour cast in a photograph is affected by
the colour of the light illuminating the scene.
Adjusts colour balance to make white objects
in the scene look white in the photo.
• Flash
– If the light is too dim, the auto exposure
system will fire the camera's built-in flash to
illuminate the scene.
Camera Control
Auto
• Program Mode
– Pre programmed for a variety of situations
such as portrait, landscape, or sports.
• Aperture Priority –
– Select the aperture (F stop or lens opening)
needed to obtain the depth of field you want
and the exposure system automatically sets
the shutter speed to give you a good
exposure.
Camera Control
Auto
• Shutter Priority –
– lets you choose the shutter speed you need to
freeze or deliberately blur camera or subject
movement and the camera automatically sets
the aperture to give you a good exposure.
Camera Control
• Manual Mode –
– Gives the greatest control over your images
Camera Control
• Shutter (Speed) –
eg. 1/1000, 1/125, 1/15, 1/2, and 1 second
• Controls Light and Motion
• The shutter keeps light out of the camera except
during an exposure, the length of time the shutter
is open affects both the exposure of the image and
how motion is portrayed in it.
Camera Control
• Shutter and exposure –
– Faster shutter speeds let less light strike the
image sensor making the image darker.
– Slower shutter speeds let more light in making
an image lighter.
Camera Control
• Shutter and motion –
– The longer the shutter is open, the more a
moving subject will be blurred in the picture
Aperture
Aperture
Aperture
&
DOF
Aperture & DOF
• Here a large aperture kept the foreground
sharp but softened the background.
Aperture & DOF
• Here a small aperture kept both the
foreground and background sharp.
Aperture & DOF
Shallow
Greater
Aperture & Lens (Speed)
F1.2
F3.5 – F6.3
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• The size of an image file and the quality of
the picture it contains depend in part on
the number of pixels in the image and the
amount of compression used to store it.
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• Compression –
– To make large image files smaller. Format
called JPEG and allows you to specify how
much they are compressed.
– Less compression, sometimes called Fine
mode, gives you better images so you can
make larger prints, but you can't store as
many images.
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• Other Formats –
– TIFF
• Can be used as is in most image editors
• Large file size
– RAW
• Camera specific
• Similar to film before ‘processing’
• Ability to manipulate settings after the shot is taken
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• Image size – In addition to offering compression modes,
many cameras let you also change image
size eg.
– 640 x 480 or
– 1600 x 1200
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• Image size – In addition to offering compression modes,
many cameras let you also change image
size eg.
– 640 x 480 or
– 1600 x 1200
Choosing Image Quality and Size
• Enlargement & Compression -
Metering
• All parts of a scene are usually not equally
important when determining the best
exposure to use.
• In a landscape, for instance, the exposure
of the foreground is usually more
important than the exposure of the sky.
Metering
• Matrix –
– metering divides the image area into a grid
and compares the measurements against a
library of typical compositions to select the
best possible exposure for the scene.
Metering
• Center-weighted –
– meters the entire scene but assigns the most
importance to the center quarter of the frame
where the most important objects usually are
located.
Metering
• Spot –
– evaluates only the area within a small area in
the middle of the viewfinder.
– This mode is ideal when photographing a
subject against a bright or dark background.
Metering
• Conclusion – Matrix / Multi-segment metering mode is the
best choice for most forms of photography.
– Spot metering mode is more than likely to
offer better quality photographs in highcontrast lighting conditions.
Focus
• Single (or one) area focus – camera focuses on a subject in the central
area of the screen. Focus adjusts
according to the distance of the subject.
Focus
• Continuous auto focus –
– focuses continually on a subject; useful
when shooting slow moving subjects.
Focus
• Spot focus –
– camera focuses on a very precise center
area of the screen.
Focus
• Multi Spot –
– Eg. 9-area focus, camera automatically
focuses using one or more focus points.
ISO
• ISO is the number indicating a digital
camera sensors sensitivity to light.
• The higher the sensitivity, the less light
is needed to make an exposure.
– Eg. 100, 400, 800 etc
ISO
• ISO 50 - 80 –
– for taking photos in bright light; excellent
for close-ups, landscape, and portraits.
Produces fine detail and image quality.
• ISO 100 –
– for extra sensitivity with little, if any,
reduced image quality.
ISO
• ISO 200 –
– cloudy and overcast days. Acceptable
image quality, with some visible noise.
• ISO 400 and above –
– suitable for indoor photography whether
or not a flash is used. Useful for "stopaction" and sports photographs. Most
compact digital cameras produce high to
very high image noise.
Lenses
Lenses
• Fixed focal length lens – The camera lens does not change at all.
– With a fixed focal lens the only way you can
get a close up of a shot is to move closer to
your subject.
Lenses
• Zoom – Optical
– An optical zoom is a true zoom.
– Its focal length actually extends and retracts.
– An image is magnified by the lens itself. Very
long zooms are prone to camera shake,
particularly in low light.
Lenses
• Zoom – Digital
– A digital zoom is not a true zoom.
– It is a simulated zoom that enlarges the
central portion of an image.
– Resolution is reduced, giving the appearance
of zooming in.
?? Questions ??
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FEB07