Transcript Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny (1818

Would you be willing to move far
away from home if you were offered
free land?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
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Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny
(1818-1853)
Section 2 Independence for Texas
Why did Texans fight for their
independence from Mexico?
Conflict Over Texas
• Conflict began in
1803
• Louisiana PurchaseAmericans claimed
land in present day
Texas
• Spain protested
• In the Adams-Onis
Treaty the US agreed
to drop its claim to
this region
Land Grants
• Few people lived in Texas
• Most were Tejanos
(Mexicans living in Texas)
• Native Americans
(Comanches, Apaches,
and Kiowas) also lived in
this area
• The Spanish offered large
amounts of land to people
who agreed to bring
families to settle there
• The people who received
this land and recruited the
settlers were called
empresarios
More Land Grants
• American Moses Austin
received the first land grant in
1821
• Moses Austin died before he
could establish his colony
• Mexico won its independence
from Spain in 1821
• Austin’s son, Stephen F.
Austin, received permission
from the Mexican government to
organize a colony
• 300 American families settled in
Texas
• From 1823-1825 Mexico sold
land at extremely low costs
• In return settlers agreed to learn
Spanish, become Mexican
citizens, convert to Catholicism,
and obey Mexican law
• Most settlers came from the US
How did Mexico attract settlers to Texas?
A. It jailed the empresarios for
keeping most of the land in
Texas for themselves.
B. It removed all taxes on
American-made goods.
A.
B.
C. It offered land to people
who agreed to settle it.
C.
D. It agreed to allow freedom of religion.
D.
A
B
C
D
Growing Tension
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By 1830- There were more
Americans in Texas than
Mexicans
Plus they did NOT adopt
Mexican ways
The US had twice offered to buy
Texas from Mexico
The Mexican government
became alarmed at the
American influence and passed
a decree that stopped all
immigration from the US
Trade between Texas and the
US were discouraged by placing
a tax on goods imported from
the US
These policies angered Texans
who depended on US trade and
also had friends and relatives
who wanted to come to Texas
Slave holders in Texas were
also upset at the Mexican
governments plan to end
slavery
Attempt at Reconciliation
• 1833- General Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna
became the president of
Mexico
• Stephen F. Austin traveled to
Mexico City with the Texans’
demands to remove the ban
on American settlers
• Also to make Texas a
separate state of Mexico
• Santa Anna agreed to
remove the ban on American
settlers, but not on the
second request
• Austin sent a letter to Texas
suggesting plans for
independence get underway
• The letter was intercepted
and Austin was arrested
Attempt at Reconciliation Continued
• Austin was in jail
• Santa Anna named
himself dictator and
overthrew Mexico’s
constitution in 1824
• Santa Anna placed Texas
under greater control
• The Texans’ lost all
power
• Austin was released from
prison and saw that
dealing with Santa Anna
was impossible
• He knew war was
inevitable
The Struggle for Independence
• 1835- unrest among Texans
sometime resulted in fighting
• Santa Anna sent an army to punish
the rebels
• In October- Some Mexican troops
tried to seize a cannon held by the
Texans in Gonzales
• The Texans taunted them with a
white flag that said “Come and
Take It”
• After a brief battle, the Mexicans
were driven back
• Texans considered this the first
fight of the Texas Revolution
• Volunteers joined (including
Tejanos and African Americans)
• December 1835- Texans freed San
Antonio from a larger Mexican
force
The Battle of the Alamo
• Santa Anna was furious
and marched north to San
Antonio in February 1836
• The Texans were
barricaded inside a
nearby mission called the
Alamo
• The Texans had cannons,
but little gunpowder
• The Texans had only
about 180 soldiers
• Santa Anna’s army had
several thousand
• The Texans had brave
leaders like Davy Crockett
and Jim Bowie
More of the Battle of the Alamo
• The Texan commander was 26
year old William B. Travis
• Travis was determined to hold
his position at the Alamo
• Travis sent messages asking
for help from Texans and from
the US
• For 12 days, The Alamo
defenders kept Santa Anna at
bay with rifle fire
• March 6, 1836- Mexican
cannon fire smashed the
Alamo’s walls
• The Mexicans entered the
Alamo killing all the defenders
• Only a few women and
children and some servants
survived
• The defenders killed hundreds
of Mexicans, but more
importantly bought Texans
some much needed time
Why was the battle at the Alamo important to the
Texans?
A. The tragic loss led to their
overall defeat in the war.
B. Their victory at the Alamo
was the turning point of
the war.
D.
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A. A
The Texans’ stand gave them
B. B
much-needed time and
C. C
inspiration.
Davy Crockett became the first president
Texas.
D.ofD
During the Alamo
• Texan leaders were
writing a new constitution
• March 2nd, 1836American settlers and
Tejanos declared
independence
• The Republic of Texas
was established
• Texans could not vote
because of Mexican
occupation, so Texas
leaders set up a
temporary government
• Sam Houston was
named commander in
chief
Goliad
• Houston ordered troops
at Goliad to abandon
their position
• Before they could leave
they were met by
Mexican troops and had
a fight
• Several hundred Texans
surrendered
• Santa Anna ordered
them all executed
• The Texans called it the
“Goliad Massacre”
The Battle of San Jacinto
• Houston gathered an
army of about 900 at San
Jacinto (Near present day
Houston)
• Nearby was Santa Anna
with more than 1,300
• April 21- Texans
launched a surprise
attack yelling
• “Remember the Alamo!
Remember Goliad”
• They killed more than
600 and captured more
than 700 more (including
Santa Anna)
• May 14, 1836- Santa
Anna signed a treaty that
recognized the
independence of Texas
The Lone Star Republic
• September 1836- Sam
Houston was elected
president of Texas
• Houston sent delegates
to Washington D.C.,
asking the US to annex
Texas
• Andrew Jackson refused
the request… why?
• Another slave state
would upset the balance
of slave states and free
states in Congress
• Texas would remain an
independent country…
for now
Continued Difficulties
• Texas still had
problems with Mexico
• Also had debt
• Many wanted to join
the US
• Southerners favored
Texas annexation,
Northerners opposed
it
• The slavery issue
kept Texas from
joining the US
1844 Election
• 1844 presidential
campaign changed
the situation
• Manifest Destiny was
a popular idea at the
time
• When Polk became
president, Congress
passed a resolution to
annex Texas
• Texas joined the
Union in 1845
Why did Texans fight for their independence
from Mexico?
-Americans in Texas were upset about
the actions of the Mexican government,
including limitations placed on immigration
from the US
-Taxation on US imports, which
discouraged trade and hurt Texans’
livelihoods
-Plans to end slavery
Chapter 12 Section 2 Quiz
6. Mexicans who claimed Texas
as their home were called
Mexicans.
Texans.
Tejanos.
empresarios.
s.
em
pr
es
a
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s.
ja
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.
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.
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A.
B.
C.
D.
7. The Mexican government arrested
Stephen F. Austin because he worked for
A. the American
government.
B. Texas
independence.
C. President Santa
Anna.
D. overthrowing the
government.
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8. During the battle in Gonzales, Texas bore
a flag on the cannon on which was printed,
A. "Come and Take
It."
B. "Freedom or
Death."
C. "Texans Are
Americans."
D. "Texas or Die."
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9. After which victory did Santa Anna sign a
treaty recognizing the independence of
Texas?
A. Goliad Massacre
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B. the Alamo
C. Battle of San
Jacinto
D. Battle of the Rio
Grande
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10. Who did the provisional government of
the Republic of Texas name as commander
in chief of the Texas forces?
A. Davy Crockett
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. Sam Houston
C. Jim Bowie
D. John Tyler
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