Transcript Document
Four types of participle How do we recognise them? 1. 2. 3. 4. Most verbs……. (all verbs except the ones on your list) portans portatus portaturus PP carrying PPP having been carried FP about to carry A few verbs……. (check your list!) hortans hortatus hortaturus PP encouraging PAP having encouraged FP about to encourage Four Types of Participles • Present Participle (PP) – ………….ing – Cogidubnus, drinking the waters, felt much better makes it passive • Perfect Passive Participle (PPP): – Having been ………ed – Cogidubnus, having been carried into the baths, tasted the waters • Perfect Active Participle (PAP): – Having ……...ed – Having returned to his villa, Cogidubnus felt much better • Future Participle – About to……… – About to leave the baths, Cogidubnus suddenly fell to the ground. aedificatum • (having been) built • neuter singular • nominative or accusative scriptam • (having been) written • feminine singular • accusative gerens • wearing • masculine or feminine singular • nominative ducentes • leading • masculine or feminine plural • nominative or accusative secutus • having followed • masculine singular • nominative locuti • having spoken • masculine plural • nominative intrantem • entering • masculine or feminine singular • accusative inventos • (having been) found • masculine plural • accusative ingressos • having entered • masculine plural • accusative tenentem • holding • masculine or feminine singular • accusative facti • (having been) made / done • masculine plural nominative • OR m. or n. sing. genitive conatam • having tried • feminine singular • accusative interfectus • (having been) killed • masculine singular • nominative resistente • resisting • masculine, f. or n. singular • ablative egressis • having gone out • m. f. or n. plural • dative or ablative Participles Practice… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. egressi forum, intrare tabernam volebamus. portans puerum, servus domum festinavit. urbem oppugnaturi sumus. captivi ab hostibus liberati domum ierunt. ingens turba pompam per Viam Sacram procedentem spectabat. custodes puero lacrimanti nihil dixerunt. milites, a dominis iussi, in longis ordinibus stabant. mercator amicos, a Graecia regressos, ad cenam sumptuosam invitavit. fures domum egressi, fugerunt. Future Participles… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. hodie in arena multi gladiatores morituri sunt. dominus ad urbem profecturus servos laborare iussit. locuturus magna voce, orator surrexit. pater vocavit filium domo egressurum. nunc ego vobis cenam splendidam daturus sum. milites in animo volvebant quid cenurio dicturus esset. 7. hospites Haterium rogaverunt num Euphrosyne saltatura esset. 8. custodes fures ceperunt, egressuros. 9. hostis vobis necandus est. 1. faber, prope ianuam tabernae stans, pugnam spectabat. 2. Vilbia, e culina egressa, sororem statim quaesivit. 3. fures, ad iudicem ducti, veniam petiverunt. 4. omnibus civibus tacendum est quod sacerdotes appropinquant. 5. centurio, amphoram vini optimi adeptus, ad amicos celeriter rediit. 6. subito equos appropinquantes audivimus. 7. puer callidus pecuniam, in terra celatam, invenit. 8. hostis vobis necandus est. Ablative Absolutes Ablative Absolutes 1. Noun/pronoun + participle 2. Both in the ablative 3. Often (not always) at the start of the sentence, sometimes separated by commas How to translate Ablative Absolutes 1) urbe capta, milites discesserunt. With the city having been captured, the soldiers departed Or: After city had been captured/when the city had been captured….. 2) feminis lacrimantibus, fur effugit. With the women weeping, the thief escaped OR: While the women were weeping,…. 3) rege locuturo, milites intraverunt. With the king about to speak, the soldiers entered Or: When king was about to speak….. sole oriente • with the sun rising / as the sun was rising civibus egressuris • with the citizens about to go out / as the citizens were about to go out servo intrante • with the slave entering / as the slave was entering urbibus captis • with the cities having been captured urbibus a militibus captis • with the cities having been captured by the soldiers puella datura • with the girl about to give / as the girl was going to give puella donum datura • with the girl about to give a present/ as the girl was going to give a present matre gaudente • with the mother rejoicing / as the mother was rejoicing magna turba comitante • with a great crowd accompanying nauta morituro • with the sailor about to die / as the sailor was about to die timore deposito • with fear having been put aside imperatore vivente • with the emperor (or general) being alive / while the emperor was alive servis dimissis • with the slaves having been sent away / dismissed canibus in forum currentibus • with the dogs running into the forum/ as the dogs were running into the forum gladio in vulnere relicto • with the sword having been left in the wound ancillis sequentibus • with the slave-girls following / as the slave-girls were following urbe incensa • with the city having been burnt domina ingrediente • with the mistress entering / as the mistress was entering his verbis dictis • with these words having been taken said mercatore locuturo • with the merchant about to speak / as the merchant was going to … servis liberatis • with the slaves having been freed magistris loquentibus • with the teachers speaking / as the teachers were speaking feminis salutaturis • with the women about to greet / as the women were going to greet consulibus occisis • with the consuls having been killed puella lacrimante • with the girl crying / as the girls was crying amicis hortantibus • with the friends encouraging / urging hostibus superantibus • with the enemy winning / as the enemy were winning cane abducto • with the dog having been taken away ianua fracta • with the door having been broken custodibus dormientibus • with the guards sleeping / as the guards were sleeping amico celeriter respondente • with the friend quickly replying / as the friend was replying quickly signo dato • with the signal having been given militibus oppugnaturis • with the soldiers about to attack / as the soldiers were going to … discipulis tacentibus • with the students being quiet / as the students were being quiet militibus egressis • with the soldiers having gone out consilio cognito • with the plan having been learnt quo facto • with this having been done • after this had been done quo dicto • with this having been said • after this had been said Ablative Absolute Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. his verbis dictis, nuntius discessit. regina horto deleto tristissima erat. militibus paratis imperator proficisci constituit. servis venditis cenam ipse paro. senatore locuto, cives gaudebant. puella laetior erat epistula lecta. hostibus visis omnes timebamus. cives clamoribus auditis auxilium statim miserunt. imperatore mortuo novum ducem invenire debemus. pueris tacere iussis senex villam intravit. Some tricky sentences… • quo audito, omnes senatorem laudaverunt. • Caesare duce, hostes vicimus. • puellis auxilium petentis cibum dedi.