Transcript people.ucls.uchicago.edu

The Emancipation
Proclamation
Sammy, Dani and Sally
Who? What? When? How? Why?
Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation?
What is the Proclamation?
When was the Proclamation?
How was the Proclamation Issued?
Why/what are the goals of issuing the
Proclamation?
What is the Emancipation
Proclamation?
Emancipation: set free from legal, social and political
restrictions.
Proclamation: a public and official announcement.
Lincoln issued the proclamation through telegraph
This was an executive order. He was allowed to do this
because it was an open rebellion.
What is the significance of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
The Emancipation Proclamation is significant
because it is the document that granted the
southern slaves freedom.
It was important to the war because it defined
which states were officially in rebellion
against the Union, but Lincoln was strategic
and kept the border states in the Union.
He freed the slaves in the South in order to
weaken the confederacy, since their
economy relied on the slaves’ free labor.
What was Lincoln’s strategy behind
the Emancipation?
-Lincoln didn’t want to seem as if he were
abusing his power.
-Freeing all of the slaves would have been a
controversial action and would have been
looked down upon.
- He was able to justify his decision and free
the slaves in the south because he was only
taking action and using his power against the
rebelling states.
In Between Bull run and Antietam
-Growing tension from Republicans to end
slavery
- Republicans wanted Lincoln to make a major
step for the Union
- Tension for lincoln to announce the
Proclamation
Lincoln’s Goal
Contrary to popular belief, Lincoln’s main goal
with the Emancipation Proclamation was to
weaken the Confederacy- not to free the slaves.
He makes a good decision by promising to
protect the slaves’ freedom
It is important that he gave blacks the right to fight
in the Union army, because instead of staying in
the South the slaves will now come to the North
and serve on the army. It is also symbolic.
What gave Lincoln the power to issue the
Proclamation?
-The
Emancipation Proclamation was an
Executive Order, an order issued directly
by the President
- Lincoln could announce it because it
was during the time of an open rebellion
-The constitution grants the President the
power to issue Executive orders, or
proclamations, like these
Battle Strategies
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During the Civil War, both sides had different battle
strategies.
General Winfield Scott of the Union army was old and
in poor health when he devised the Anaconda plan,
the battle strategy that would allow the Northern army
to defeat the Confederacy.
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Scott was old and in poor health when
the war began. He was 75 years old
and around 300 lbs.
Scott had previously served in many
wars in the past and had tried to run
for President in 1852.
The Anaconda Plan
th
This plan would starve the Confederacy
and cut off contact with other nations who
could possibly offer help.
This is the battle strategy
created by General
Winfield Scott.
By blocking off their
supply lines, Scott
hoped the South
would be forced into
submission. His
plan was mainly non
aggressive and
required the Navy to
construct a
blockade 3.5K miles
of coast.
The Southern battle Strategy
The Confederate army adopted an offensivedefensive strategy: They would not be the
aggressors. Their main goal was to
PROTECT Southern land, but they would
take a chance to attack the Union army if
they could.
Any Questions so
far?
(We will stop in a few more
slides for any more
questions)
The Battle of Bull Run
Why did the North rush into the
battle of Bull Run?
Lincoln felt very pressured to rush into battle.
The media believed that it would only take
one single battle for the Union to crush the
Confederacy. He wanted to prove himself to
the people.
What did the tone of the battle
foreshadow about future battles?
The tone of the battle opened up the nation’s
eyes to the bloody, horrific wars to come in
the future. The war was only just getting
started. The Battle of Bull Run had extreme
psychological effects on the country. It
foreshadowed the tragic outcome of the war.
There was a new sense of fear in the nation.
Battle of Antietam
-Battle
takes place in Maryland
- Maryland was a border state
- this is the single bloodiest day in American history
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-Overall there were 23,110 casualties
-Fighting begins in early
morning of
September 17th,1862
Battle of Antietam
-The Confederacy decided to split their forces; to
do this Robert E. Lee issued what is called the
“Special Order 191”
-Need to split forces to deal with strong union
force at harpers ferry
-After he issued this, the Union soldiers found a
copy of this document
Morning of The Battle of Antietam
-Robert E. Lee and his army are by Antietam Creek
-Lee plans secretly to have Stonewall jackson join his army from Harpers
Ferry
-if Lee is forced to retreat he must escape across Potomac to Virginia
-Mclennan attacks first coming in from Lee’s left then his right finishing the
attack from the center
-40 of Joe Hookers (Union army Officers) soldiers march across the
Antietam Creek south going to Dunker Church
-Confederates occupy ground around Dunkers Church
- Armies engage near Miller's corn field
Throughout the battle there was no clear winner each sides suffers great
losses (23,000 casualties)
-Later that day the south retreats and the north wins
Generals in the Battle
of Antietam
-Robert E Lee was the current Confederate
general
-He had forty thousand men
-Lee’s goal in the battle of Antietam was to
defeat George B McClellan to prove to to france
and england the confederacy had the power to
be an independent nation
-McCLellan had eighty thousand men
- McCLellan's goal was to enable lincoln to
wright the proclamation
Effects of the Battle
● The battle makes it possible for
Lincoln to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
● France and England do not
acknowledge the Confederacy an
independent nation
The Goals of the Confederate States
●
● The confederacy wanted to gain
independence and secede from the
Union. The goal of the
Confederacy was to create a new
country that would allow slavery.
● They justified their desire to secede by
saying that the Constitution protected
slavery but the Union had not allowed
slavery to carry on. They believed they
needed to secede in order to protect
their beliefs.
The Goals of the Union
-The goal of the Union was to bring the the
Southern back together with the Northern states
and save the Union. The Union wanted the best
for everyone in America.
-Eventually, the meaning of the war shifted, as
seen in the Emancipation Proclamation. The new
goal of the union was to reunite the states and
abolish slavery.
Border States
The border states are...
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Delaware, Kentucky,Maryland and Missouri.
States that have slavery but are not officially seceding or
rebelling against the Union
States that are still part of the Union.
These states are important because they are wealthy
and powerful. Because of this, it is important to Lincoln
that these states remain as part of the Union because
otherwise if these states secede, the Confederacy will be
stronger.
In the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln does not
address the border states. By not saying anything, he is
saying SOMETHING: he is trying to stay on good terms
with the border states so they don’t secede.
Why are the border states important?
Especially in the Emancipation
Proclamation and the Civil War?
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These states are important because they are wealthy
and powerful. Because of this, it is important to Lincoln
that these states remain as part of the Union because
otherwise if these states secede, the Confederacy will
be stronger.
In the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln does not
address the border states. By not saying anything, he is
saying SOMETHING: he is trying to stay on good terms
with the border states so they don’t secede.
Thank you,
Any Questions?