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Grade 12 Exam S Riley What is Art? Art covers 4 categories; aesthetics, art criticism, art history and the production of art. Define the 4 categories. Why do we study art and art history? What motivates “us”(as in mankind and you) to create art? What is the value in art? Define art according to its different values: material value, the intrinsic value, religious value, nationalistic value, and psychological value. Why are you producing art? What statement do you want to say with your art Impressionism Post impressionism-Pointillism Expressionism-Fauvism Cubism Abstract art Op art Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Pop Art Claude Monet, Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet and Her Son, 1875 Impressionism, starting approximately1860- 1890 It is an art style that attempts to capture the rapidly changing affects of sunlight on objects. Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. Made possible because of the invention of paint tubes. Famous artist : Claude Monet, PierreAuguste Renoir, Morisot, Rodin Monet, Claude French, 1840-1926 Grainstacks, end of summer 1891 CLAUDE MONET, Impression: Sunrise, 1872. Oil on canvas, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers Andre Derain,Mountains at Collioure (1905 Post- Impressionism-both an extension of impressionism and a rejection of their limitations. It is a term used to describe various trends in the painting following impressionism-rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Artists: Paul Cezanne, Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin. Pointillism one trend developed by Seurat. Wheatfield with Crows (oil on canvas, 1890 Pointillism is a style of painting in which small distinct points of primary colors create the impression of a wide selection of secondary colors. Artist Seurat, Signac, and Cross. Georges Seurat, 'La Parade' (1889) Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) Expressionism/Fauvism started around 1888. Fauvists simplified lines, made the subject of the painting easy to read, exaggerated perspectives and used brilliant but arbitrary colors. They also emphasized freshness and spontaneity over finish. Expressionism started around 1912. It is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form a style of art that emphasized the expression of innermost feelings. Famous Fauvism and Expressionist artist Matisse, Kirchner as Matthias, Grünewald and El Greco, Wassily Kandinsky, Vincent Van Gogh Henri Matisse, Portrait of Madame Matisse (The green line), 1905, Munch – Madonna (1895) Matisse, The Dance II, 1909-10 Pablo Picasso, Le guitariste, 1910. An example of Analytic Cubism. Cubism started in 1908. It was a style in which objects and space around them are broken up into different shapes and then put back together in new relationships. 3 styles-early cubism, analytical, synthetic Famous artist Pablo Picasso, Popova, George Braque Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians (1921), Museum of Modern Art. Three Musicians is a classic example of Synthetic cubism Dada Art peaked from 1916 to 1922 Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in nature. Characterists-childlike, found materials Hans Arp. Entombment of The Birds and Butterflies (Portrait of Tristan Tzara), 1916-17. Painted wood relief. Hans Arp. Mustache Hat from 7 Arpaden (1923). Lithograph published in a portfolio. Painting is "washed up," Duchamp said in 1912. Fountain, 1917 Dali, The Persistence of Time 1931 Rene’ Magritte False Mirror 1928 Surrealism emerged around 1920. It was an art style that probed the subconscious world of dreams for ideas. The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions. Famous artists: Savidor Dali, Chirico, Miro Jackson Pollock, No. 5, 1948 Abstract Expressionism an post WW II Started in Europe but was known as an American movement first named in 1946. It is an art style in which paint was freely applied to huge canvases in an effort to show feelings and emotions. Artist Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Kandinsky Composition VII, 1913 Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954 Piet Mondrian, Composition No. 10 Franz Kline, Painting Number 2, 1954 Abstract art starting 1912 is now generally understood to mean art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way. Famous Artist Piet Mondrian, Kline. It can be used to describe a number of movements including Op art started in 1960’s. Movement in Squares, by Bridget Riley 1961. Relativity lithograph print by M. C. Escher in December 1953. Op art, also known as optical art, is used to describe some paintings and other works of art which use optical illusions. Artists: Bridget Riley, M.C. Escher Victor Vasarely, Quasar-Fugue, 1966-1973, oil on canvas, 150.5 x 150.5 cm, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, Iran. A twentieth century art movement and style in which artists sought to create an impression of movement on the picture surface by means of optical illusion. Jeff Koons, Rabbit, 1986, Jeff Koons Warhol, Jackie paintings, 1964 Pop Art was a visual artistic movement that emerged in the early 1950s. Pop art, like pop music, aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal (ordinary) or kitschy (decorative) elements of any given culture. Popular artist include Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein among others. Lichtenstein – Wham (1963)