Transcript Research Workbook - Texas Tech University

Research Workbook
University Cancer Treatment
And Research Center
Evan Wittig
Master Design Studio I
Fall 2006
Instructor: Scott Schellhase
Section I
Architectural Topic Research
Summary of Theories
Theoretical Issues
Architectural Precedence
Annotated Bibliography
Architectural Topic Research
Inspiration
Before I started this project, I had a handful of options on what type
of facility to work on, and what my thesis would be. Over the course of
time, my thesis statement has changed, only briefly, based on my
personal inspirations for this project, but my type of facility remains the
same. My initial reason for choosing an Oncology Hospital was based on
the fact that it would help me build a stronger thesis statement than if I
chose any other facility type.
I had no personal motivators going into this project, other than the
fact that a lot of my family is in the medical profession, and I wanted to
make an easier work environment for them. However, my perspective
changed while I was photographing my site. My mother called to let me
know that my grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer three days
after a series of major surgeries. I wasn’t sure how to take it at that point,
but I realized that this is something that goes on every day for doctors,
families, and recently diagnosed cancer patients.
Architectural Topic Research
Inspiration (cont’d)
It’s a complicated world filled with challenges that we have to face
everyday. Cancer changes the lives of not only those who are diagnosed,
but their friends, family, and loved ones as well. The doctors and nurses
who have to break that news need to be in a place of serenity, a place that
nurtures those who occupy it. By incorporating my thesis statement into
the process, one could design a facility that offers hope to those
determined to fight the disease, consoles those who have lost someone to
cancer, and nurtures those who are being diagnosed.
Whether or not my grandmother makes it through this trial, I am
determined to make a place that she would have been happy to go to: a
place where she would have been under good care, and where the family
could focus on her and not their discomfort in the hospital. My inspiration
has always been my grandmother, and it’s a coincidence that she would be
my main inspiration for this project. I do this for her.
Architectural Topic Research
Personal Assertions
Hospitals should not just be where sick people go to get better, and should
never be treated that way. The concept of a hospital should be an
experience of space and color. It should be a worthwhile place for doctors
and nurses to feel comfortable working. It should be a place where the
sick feel motivated to get better, and where the dying can do so with a
peaceful state of mind. Whether you spend only a few days or your final
days in an oncological facility, your time there should be able to offer a
glimpse of all the beautiful things in life, thus adding to psychological
comfort. The unique capabilities of sight and touch on the psych can help
play a large role in the healing process, and should be taken as far as they
can.
Architectural Topic Research
Summary of Theories
Topic: A research-based study on the role of physical and psychological comfort in
the hospital setting: focusing mainly on the effects of visual and thermal comfort in
oncological facilities. The overall objective is to create comfortable spaces that are
user-specific, individually unique, but also easy to navigate.
Assertion: The way that patients and their families, doctors, nurses, and staff
experience space within a hospital can have beneficial physical and psychological
outcomes for all parties.
Thesis: By utilizing experimental studies in physical and psychological comfort, one
can create a facility type that is user-friendly. All who work and occupy the spaces
within this Oncology Hospital will be nurtured by all the various elements
incorporated into the design that goes into this facility, and will be both physically
comfortable and psychologically at ease.
Project: A 120-bed Cancer Research and Treatment Center based off the Texas Tech
University Southwest Cancer Research Center.
Architectural Topic Research
Summary of Theories
Theory Employed: Physical and psychological comfort in the hospital
setting—making the way one feels within, and the way one experiences
progression throughout an oncological facility a nurturing, and not
stressful, experience.
Physical Comfort factors are derived from two out of the five senses:
sight and touch. These factors applied into the design process will have an
adverse effect on psychological comfort—making one feel at ease in
their built environment.
Architectural Topic Research
Theoretical Issues for Visual Comfort
Color
•
Through Nature
•
Through Art
•
•
As a means of way finding and denoting spaces
To affect how you feel
•
Assigned to types of spaces
–
Views Outside, Foliage Inside, Colors of Sunrise, Sunset, Etc.
–
Famous/Recognizable Pieces, Colorful Pieces, Mood-driven (psych)
–
(Warm v. Cold, Light v. Dark, Happy v. Sad (psych)
–
This also affects the moods of those who occupy those spaces (psych)
Light
•
•
•
•
•
Quality v. Quantity
Natural v. Artificial
Direct v. Indirect
Flourescent v. Incandescent
Mechanized Shading Devices
– Sustainable and Controlled Lighting Capabilities
Architectural Topic Research
Theoretical Issues for Visual Comfort
•
•
Artistic Expression through Interior Design (Sight and Touch, Psychological)
Artistic Expression through Landscaping (Sight and Touch, Psychological)
Space
•
Orientation and sorting of spaces
–
•
•
•
Easy Access, Convenient Locations, Separation of Public/Private, Wayfinding
Experience of Arrival
Human Scale
Experience during Procession through Interior Spaces
–
How different people experience space
Natural Beauty (Also related to Comfort by Touch)
•
•
•
Fish Tanks with Aquatic Life
Fountains
Other types of water features
Architectural Topic Research
Theoretical Issues for Comfort by Touch
•
•
•
•
•
•
Texture
Temperature
Carpet vs. Hard Floor
Recreational Climbing Wall
Possible rooms for pets (depending on sterilization)
Comfortable rooms with interactive access
–
Games and toys for children, and interactive activities for adult patients
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
Color and Light*1
Color and Light*1
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
Experience
Of
Common
Space*2
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
*2
Experience
Of
Light
and
Space
*3
*3
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
Comfort through Landscape*2
Physical Comfort in Exam Room*2
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
Procession*3
Comfort by Touch*3
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedence
www.mechoshade.com
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedents
1. West Dade Radiation Oncology Center, Nurses’ Station, Doral, Florida
2. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Ambulatory Clinical
Building, Houston, Texas
3. AMBULATORY CARE CENTER
Rees Associates, Inc. | Oklahoma City, OK
OU Physicians Medical Office Building & Parking Garage Addition | Oklahoma
City, OK
Other Precedents in PDF Format
1. Heart of Lancaster Regional Medical Center, Lititz, PA
2. Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
3. Outpatient Care Center and Martha Jefferson Hospital, Charlottesville, VA
Architectural Topic Research
Annotated Bibliography
Clark, Roger H., and Michael Pause. Precedents in Architecture. 2nd ed. New York: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
This book is used for listing all precedents on facility type, and shall be relied on
for determining precedents for circulation, form, space, compartmentation, flow,
parti, and hierarchy. Many of the works broken down in this book are from many
of the most influential architects of our time.
Meier, Richard. Richard Meier Architect (1992/1999). New York: Rizzoli, 1999.
Call Number: ARCH REF. NA737.M44.A4 1999 c.3
This book is volume 3 in the series and contains all of the major works of Richard
Meier from 1992-1999. The book is mainly a compilation of photographs from
each building during this time, with a short introduction of each building at the
beginning of each new building. The Getty Center is part of this collection.
Architectural Topic Research
Other References
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tochihara, Yukata; Ohnaka, Tadakatsu. Environmental Ergonomics. Kidlington: Elsevier
Ltd., 2005.
“Environmental Comfort.” Somfy Architecture. 22 July 2005. 1 Nov. 2005
<http://www.somfy.com/architecture/>.
Pheasant, Stephen; Haslegrave, Christine M. Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the
Design of Work. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006.
Mutafelija, Boris; Stromberg, Harvey. Systematic Process Improvement Using ISO
9001:2000 and CMMI. Norwood: Artech House, Inc., 2003.
Health Design Magazine. www.healthdesignmagazine.com
www.mechshade.com
Section II
Facility Research
Summary of Facility Requirements
Epistemology of Facility Type
Excerpts from Related Precedence/Case studies
Interviews
Facility Issues
Systems Analysis
Activity/Spatial Analysis
Unique Requirements and Equipment
Architecture Precedence
Facility Research
Summary of Facility Requirements
New 120-Bed Oncology Hospital
Functional Space Program
DGSF
Administrative / Public:
Administration
3,000
Admitting
650
Case Management
800
Conference/Education
2,400
Finance
1,300
Gift Shop / Volunteers
1,200
Human Resources / Employee Health
2,300
IS
2,550
Lobby
2,000
Med Staff Services / Medical Library
2,200
Medical Records
2,300
Nursing Services
900
On-Call
900
Pastoral Care / Chapel
300
QA / Inf. Ctl. / Performance Improvement
950
Subtotal
23,750
Diagnostic / Treatment Services:
Dialysis
1,500
(6) Treatment Bays
Emergency Department (ED)
6,600
(11) Beds
Endoscopy / GI Lab
1,700
(2) Endoscopy Suites
Diagnostic Imaging:
23,500
CT (2)
General/R&F (8)
MRI (1)
Mammography / Stereotactic (4)
Nuclear Medicine (1)
Ultrasound (4)
Echo (2)
Invasive / Non-Invasive Cardiology
7,200
Laboratory
4,800
(3) Cath Labs
Morgue
Pre-Admit Testing
1,000
Rehabilitation / Physical Therapy
5,300
Respiratory Therapy
1,700
Sleep Lab
1,700
Surgery
27,000
Same Day Surgery / OP Surgery
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
Cancer Treatment Center:
Radiation Therapy
9,900
Medical Oncology
4,900
Subtotal
96,800
(3) Rooms
(8) Ors, (2) Minor Procedure Rooms
Critical Care Services:
Intensive Care Unit
12,600
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
7,200
Inpatient Services:
Medical/Surgical Nursing Unit
Pediatric Nursing Unit
Subtotal
33,000
60 Beds
4,600
8 Beds
37,600
Support Services:
Bio Med
600
Central Sterile Processing
4,500
Dietary Services
8,700
Engineering / Plant Operations
4,950
Environmental Services
3,400
Mail Room
150
Materials Management / Purchasing
4,650
PBX
150
Pharmacy
3,250
Security
1,100
Support Staff Services
1,500
Subtotal
32,950
Facility Research
Summary of Facility Requirements
Additional Spaces to be Added:
•Restaurant
•Kitchen
•Waiting Rooms
•Educational Classrooms
•Mechanical Rooms
•Storage / Supply Closets
•Janitorial Supply
•Restrooms (Apart from Bedrooms)
•Locker Rooms / Showers
•Service / Supply Dock
•Laboratory
•Doctors Offices / Nurses Offices
•Instructor’s Offices
Facility Research
Epistemology of Facility Type
The 19th century saw the birth of scientific oncology with the discovery and use of the
modern microscope. Rudolf Virchow, often called the founder of cellular pathology,
provided the scientific basis for the modern pathologic study of cancer. As Morgagni had
correlated the autopsy findings observed with the unaided eye with the clinical course of
illness, so Virchow correlated the microscopic pathology.
This method not only allowed a better understanding of the damage cancer had done to
a patient but also laid the foundation for the development of cancer surgery. Body tissues
removed by the surgeon could now be examined and a precise diagnosis made. In
addition, the pathologist could tell the surgeon whether the operation had completely
removed the tumor.
Over the course of time, cancer treatment and research has dramatically improved, and
the facility type is becoming more technical through advanced practices. This new facility
is going to have to be able to adjust to the non-stop advancement of technology and
modern medicine, while not forgetting where its roots are from. This type of facility
started from the most basic studies of cells, and is now what can only be described as a
remarkable building type that is constantly needing upgrading due to advanced research.
Facility Research
Excerpts from Related Precedence
Facility Research
Excerpts from Related Precedence
Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center
Facility Research
Interview
Theresa M. Wittig, R.N. – While asking my mother what she thought was one of
the biggest issues of working in one of San Antonio’s largest hospitals for over 20
years, she said that “it was just too much walking.” She immediately followed by
saying, “All nurses have had the same problem since I’ve been here: they just hate
how much walking they have to do everyday.” Her response made a lot of sense to
me because when she told me how the stress of the job alone was more than
enough to handle, putting their body to the limits on long shifts took a lot out of
them. She said that one of the main reasons why she left was because of just that:
long walks every day have a long term affect on the psychological aspects of the
job. If only comfort levels were improved, and walking distances were subtracted
substantially, maybe the retirement age of nurses wouldn’t be so low.
Facility Research
Systems Analysis
The structural system for this facility type will be structural steel building with
castellated beams on a 20’x20’ primary grid. Secondary grid types will be based
on a specific case-by-case basis. A combination of glass curtain walls, Texas stone,
brick, and any native materials that will help the facility fit into context. A parking
garage and skywalk will have separate structural systems from the main building.
Building Structure
Facility Research
Facility Issues
•Sterilization of Spaces is a concern for this type of facility, which is why
vegetation isn’t usually allowed. However, access to views of natural vegetation
and plants could and should be an alternative solution.
•Security is always an issue in an hospital type, and should never be ignored.
While spaces can still be open to great views, as well as close to other important
spaces, they should still be secured by keypads in order to keep out any
unauthorized personnel.
•Other facility issues would be way finding through the building, location of nurses
stations, walking distances, and fire escape access routes.
•This building is most likely going to be broken down into compartments or userspecific areas, such as: educational, laboratory, public spaces, ERs, and ORs. This
will hopefully help avoid confusion of way finding, and will also promote better
security of private spaces.
Building Structure
Facility Research
Activity/Spatial Analysis – Horizontal Diagram
Building Structure
Facility Research
Unique Requirements and Equipment
Equipment:
CT Scan (Computerized Tomography)
MRI
Radiation
Simulator
Bone Scanner
Nuclear Testing
Blood Lab
Pyxis Supply Stations
Staffing:
Surgical Specialists
Pediatricians
Anesthesiologists
Hematologists
Areas:
Operating Rooms
Infusion Rooms
Outpatient Facilities
Inpatient Facilities
Diagnostics
X-ray
Emergency Room
Bone Marrow Transplant Unit
Architectural Topic Research
Architectural Precedents
1. Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX
Other Precedents and Excerpts in PDF Format
1. Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center-Comprehensive Cancer Center, WinstonSalem, NC
•
Lobby Space and glass curtain wall
2. CyberKnife Center, Saint Joseph’s Hospital, HealthEast Care System, Saint Paul, MN
•
Interior waiting spaces and examination rooms
3. Floyd and Delores Jones Cancer Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
•
Interior Design (materials, color, lighting)
4. Huntsman Cancer Research Hospital at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
•
Landscaping, views, natural daylighting
5. Cayuga Medical Center at Ithaca-Radiation Medicine Center, Ithaca, NY
•
Interior waiting spaces and examination rooms
6. NYU Clinical Cancer Center, New York, NY
•
Materials and lighting
Section III
Context Research
Site Context Analysis
Site Utilities
Site Image Analysis
Contextual Issues
Architectural Precedence
Context Research
Site Context Analysis
Context Research
Site Utilities at UMC
Context Research
Satellite Image of Site
Context Research
Site Image Analysis
Access / Point of Entry
Visual Link to Umc
Existing Landscaping
Bridge over creek bed
Access / Point of Entry
Existing Playa Lake
Context Research
Site Image Analysis
Existing Landscaping
Context Research
Site Image Analysis
Panoramic Image of Site
Context Research
Contextual Issues
There’s a lot of natural beauty that this site has to offer, that can easily be molded and altered in order
to benefit the new Oncology Hospital. Its direct links to UMCs Southwest Cancer Treatment and
Research Center, as well as all of the other departments of UMC, make this site capable of interacting
with its neighboring facility while still having a sense of privacy and independence. Because the roads
leading to the proposed site are not yet completed, there is still plenty of freedom for how those roads
are directed before reaching Quaker.
With more than enough room to build on before getting too close to setbacks and boundaries, and
natural landscaping that already enhances the beautiful views from this semi-secluded site, I feel
confident that this site can take any design above and beyond where it wants to go.
Observations About Site:
- Location of site is fairly flat, but surrounded by unique topography
-
Located to west of playa lake and is surrounded by major access roads
Water drains towards playa lake
Secluded enough for beautiful views of West Texas Sunsets and Daybreaks
Beautiful natural landscaping @ Field Research and Tree Nursery
Solar factors are favorable for solar power (No Obstructions to daylight)
Can share utilities with HSC and UMC and branch tunnel access from CHACP 2
Not threatened by any current utilities other than irrigation lines (can be moved or removed)
Context Research
Architectural Precedence Based on Context
Context Research
Architectural Precedence Based on Context
Context Research
Architectural Precedence Based on Context
Most of the precedence based on context for the area is focused towards the Texas Tech
University System of Spanish Renaissance Revivalism, and the University Medical Center. Though
the new Oncology Hospital may not take the same architectural approach as have the two different
university systems, it will be able to adapt itself to the two, and fit within the context that is West
Texas. The way it will do that is by feeding off the strengths that the Lubbock Plains have to offer:
beautiful views of the West Texas sunsets and daybreaks.
Other contexts in which this new facility will use as precedence is the existing Southwest Cancer
Treatment and Research Center, which is based off of UMC. The unique design given to this
building is a fine example of a different type of architecture fitting itself within its natural context
and environment. It will be a valuable starting point for the design process.
End of Research Workbook