Transcript No Slide Title

Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Helsinki 2006
Copenhagen 2002
Maastricht 2004
Lisbon 2000
High on the EU policy agenda: Moving more smoothly
from education and training into the world of work
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Eleonora Schmid
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Content
 Contextual challenges
education and training closely linked to
employment, social and economic policies
 Copenhagen-Maastricht-Helsinki
 How Cedefop supports the process
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
High level of youth unemployment
In nearly 50% of the EU countries,
more than 2/3 of the 15-24 year-olds not in education not working
Labour force by educational attainment 15-24 year-olds, 2006
EU-27
low
medium
high
Unemployed in %
21,2
15.5
13.7
Labour force by educational attainment 15-24 year-olds, 2006
Unemployed in %
10.1
7.2
4.1
Finding employment can take more than 2 years
School leavers with non-matching job more likely to be part-timers
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
! 80 million Europeans formally low skilled
Europe’s skill level scores:
low skills: high
high skills: low
intermediate skills: strong
(mostly through VET)

skilled & highly skilled jobs in demand
within 10 years:
- 9% jobs for low skilled workers
+ 31%
for medium
+ 58%
for high skilled

Educational attainment of adult population aged 25-64, 2003/2006
60
55
49
47
47
44
40
38
44
39
38
36
34
30
34
31
30
26
23
20
16
16
13
11
0
USA
Japan
Low skilled
EU27
Korea
Canada
Upper/post-secondary education
Russian Fed.
Australia
Tertiary education
EU27: 2006; Australia, Canada, Korea, USA: 2004; Japan, Russian Fed.: 2003
right skill mix for Europe requires
Sources: Eurostat (EU27); OECD, 2006 (other countries); countries sorted by attainment of upper/post-secondary education
secondary & tertiary level qualifications
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
The demographic time bomb
Population in EU25 aged 15 to 24 and 55 to 64, 2005-2030 (in million)
70
65
 by 2030 …
+ 14 million
55 -64 year olds
60
55
 anticipate skill needs
 validate non-formal learning
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- 9 million
15-24 year-olds
45
40
2005
 labour market more dependent on:
older workers, women re-entering
the labour market, migrants
 2 million fewer learners in
secondary & tertiary VET
2010
2015
2020
Source: Population projection 2004, Eurostat, baseline variant.
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2025
2030
 systemic changes: better
quality in initial/continuing VET,
skills development for adults
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Europe risks wasting its potential
 learning deficits add up
 the older people are, the less
they participate in learning
Participation in lifelong learning in EU-27, by sex, age groups and educational level (2006)
%
Low
Medium
High
30.0
25.0
males
females
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Total
25-64
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Total 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
25-64
Total 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
25-64
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Which jobs are in demand? (EU27)
•
•
•
Skilled and higher skilled occupations: 2/3 of jobs
Still significant share of low and semi-skilled jobs (1/3)
Sectors: high skills in services (80%),
medium in industry (71%), lowest in agriculture (53%)
Occupational structure
2006
Sectoral qualification structures 2005
Agriculture
Industry
100%
6
17
75%
47
Elementary
High-skilled
non-manual
9.9%
38.0%
Services
33
54
50%
47
27.8%
25%
Skilled
manual
7
24.3%
Low-skilled
non-manual
47
29
21
0%
Low
Medium
High
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
More medium & VET skills needed?
•
EU: A significant share of the future workforce will
need vocational skills and competences.
(Helsinki Communiqué, 2006)
•
By 2015, France will require practitioners including in
more traditional jobs (at intermediate level) in which
there is already a skills shortage.
(Chardon and Estrade, 2007- draft)
•
China: ‘It is often overlooked that we need more
highly qualified skilled workers and experienced
technicians.’
(Xu Zhihong, President of the Beijing University, 2007)
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Higher skills in elementary occupations:
overqualification or higher demands?
Elementary occupations: employment change
1998 - 2006 by educational attainment, EU15 (1998 = 100)
400
High
300
Medium
200
Low
100
1998
1999
2000
2001
Source: Eurostat (Labour Force Surveys)
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2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1998 = 100
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Wrong skills or wrong jobs?
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Can guidance & counselling be the fix?
At the heart of
employment, youth, social welfare, education and training
policies
 Prevent drop outs
 Get people back into education & training
 Advise on up-skilling/progression opportunities
 Help identify employment opportunities,
select the job that matches
Catering for: pupils, adults, high potentials, young and adult people at
risk/at the margin, those without qualifications, those from higher
education, those made redundant, those wanting to return…
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Copenhagen – Maastricht – Helsinki
Copenhagen
Declaration
2002
Strengthen the European dimension
Improve transparency, information & guidance systems
Recognise competences & qualifications
Promote quality assurance
Maastricht
Communiqué
2004:
national
&
EU-level
priorities
Put Copenhagen tools into practice
(quality assurance, validation, guidance & counselling; Europass)
Improve public/private investments, training incentives, use of EU funds
Address the needs of groups at risk
Develop flexible & individualised pathways, progression
Strengthen VET planning, partnerships, identify skill needs
Develop pedagogical approaches & learning environments
Expand VET teachers’ & trainers’ competence development
EQF, ECVET; identify TT learning needs; improve VET statistics
Helsinki
Communiqué
2006
Improve image, status, attractiveness of VET; good governance
Develop further, test & implement common tools by 2010
(EQF, ECVET, CQAF/ENQA-VET, Europass)
More systematic mutual learning; more & better VET statistics
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Take all stakeholders on board to put Copenhagen into place
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
In 2006 most countries report progress:






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National qualifications frameworks (NQF)
Validation of non-formal and informal learning
Quality improvement and assurance – CQAF
Integrating learning with working
Access and equity
Guidance and counselling
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Guidance & counselling is part and parcel…
 Developing NQF …
• linked to emphasis on learning outcomes
8 COMMON
REFERENCE
LEVELS
educational / VET standards
competence-based curricula
entrepreneurship
assessing learning outcomes
language learning
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
……closely linked to
 Validating non-formal and informal learning
Slow but steady progress in valuing what
people have learned at work and elsewhere to:
 improve lifelong learning opportunities
also in higher education
for non-traditional learners
 make VET systems more flexible
 improve employability and career
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
VET for excellence and inclusion
 Integrating learning with working
 providing learner-need oriented and individualised pathways
 work-based training to attract and retain ‘non-academic’ learners
 marrying theory and practice to develop high skills
New types of apprenticeship and traineeships in:
 initial and continuing training
 higher education (designed by institutions and industry)
 active labour market measures
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Supporting individuals & those at risk
 Ensuring access and equity
Progress in:
 preventing drop out from initial VET
 enabling low qualified and migrants to acquire skills
 giving all employed chance for continuing training
 Guidance and counselling
Progress in improving access and quality to:
 assist disadvantaged
 help the young to make right VET choice
Tools: electronic information systems
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11 countries (intend to) use Europass for guidance
Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
The Helsinki Communiqué 2006
reviewing the priorities and strategies of the Copenhagen Process
European and national VET policies should ensure
 young people acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values
necessary for further learning and employability
 to reduce drop put and facilitate school-to-work transition
 skills and competences for adults
 recognition of prior learning
 provision of training and learning opportunities, including for
disadvantaged people
 investments in skills and shared funding
 training should be more efficient and demand-driven
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Improve the attractiveness and quality of VET
 guidance & counselling
 flexible & individualised pathways, progression,
skills developments for adults
 close link to working life, learning at the workplace
 recognition of non-formal & informal learning
 skills competitions 
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
To make informed decisions we need …
 joint efforts to collect more, more accurate and more
reliable statistical data
 comprehensive and joint initiatives to identify and
anticipate skill needs
 research to evaluate policy impact and prepare VET for
future challenges
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
How Cedefop supports the process
 research, statistics, policy analysis
(government & social partner policies,…)
 looking at VET as an interface between education, youth,
employment, social & economic policies
 EQF, ECVET, quality assurance (CQAF)
 Europass, guidance & counselling
 teachers & trainer development
 study visits & peer learning activities
monitoring progress – next review in 2008
self-assessment DGVT & Refernet
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also guidance & counselling question(s)
25-26 June 2007, Brussels
Forum on Restructuring: Anticipation of Change
Skillsnet webpage:
www.trainingvillage.gr/skillsnet
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Thessaloniki, 19 Nov. 2007
PLA Evidence-based policy making Guidance
Thank you for your attention !
Cedefop’s AGORA event
21- 22 February 2008:
‘Skills for Europe’s future’
Conference to present and discuss:
 findings on future skill needs at EU,
sectoral and enterprise-level
www.cedefop.europa.eu
www.trainingvillage.gr
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