Transcript CHAPTER 4 THE CELL

CHAPTER 6
CLASSIFICATION OF
TISSUES
Important Figures and Tables
Page 68: Figure 6a.1
Pages 70-73: Figure 6a.3
Page 74: Figure 6a.4
Pages 75-80: Figure 6a.5
Page 81: Figure 6a.6
Pages 82-83: Figure 6a.7
Histology Atlas, pp 693: Plates 1-5
Histology Atlas on CD
Things to know for the quizzes
1.Know & identify (picture & microscope)
different types of tissues.
2.Know descriptions, locations and functions for
ALL tissues as described in the Lab Manual.
Pick on location and one function to memorize
for each tissue type.
Histology: the study of tissues
• Groups
of cells similar in structure; perform
common or related functions
• Four Basic Types
1.Epithelium
2.Connective
3.Muscle
4.Nervous
Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium
Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body
cavity
• FUNCTIONS:
1. Protection (eg. skin)
2. Absorption (eg. digestive tract)
3. Filtration
(eg. kidney)
4. Excretion
5. Secretion
• Covering and Lining Epithelium
– outer layer of the skin, cavities
• Glandular Epithelium
–creates the glands of the body
Epithelial glands
Exocrine
Endocrine
Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium
Characteristics:
1. Cellularity
– composed mostly of closed-packed cells
2. Specialized contacts
– form continuous sheets (tight junctions, desmosomes)
3. Polarity
– Apical surface, basal surface
4. Connective tissue support
basal lamina+ reticular lamina= basement membrane
5. Avascularity
– nerves, no blood vessels.
– nourished by diffusion
6. Regeneration
– high reproductive rate
Classification of Epithelia
SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.3 FOR
DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING
TISSUES
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Connective Tissue
• Found everywhere in the body
• Most widely distributed and abundant
• Classes:
1. connective tissue proper
2. cartilage
3. bone
4. Blood
• Purpose:
1. Binding and support
2. Protection
3. Insulation
4. Transportation (blood)
Connective Tissue
Characteristics:
1. Common Origin
–arise from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)
2. Degree of vascularity
–wide range of blood supply
• cartilage (avascular);
• bone (well vascularized)
3. Composed of many cell types
4. Extracellular matrix
– Mostly non-living
– Separates living tissues of the cells
– Able to bear weight, withstand stresses
Structural Elements
1.Ground Substance-space between cells, contains the fibers
-- Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans.
GLUE.
2.Fibers -provide support to connective tissue
-- Collagen -tough, high tensile strength
-- Elastic -stretch and recoil
-- Reticular -surround small blood vessels
3. Cells-immature and mature types
• immature -uses the suffix “-blast”
• mature -uses suffix “-cyte”
Fibroblast: connective tissue proper
Chondroblast: cartilage
Osteoblast: bone
Hematopoietic stem cell: blood
SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.5 FOR
DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING
TISSUES
Mesenchyme
Connective tissue proper: Loose
connective tissue, Areolar
Connective tissue proper: Loose
connective tissue, Adipose
Connective tissue proper: Loose
connective tissue, Reticular
Connective tissue proper: Dense
connective tissue, Regular
Connective tissue proper: Dense
connective tissue, Irregular
Cartilage: Hyaline
Cartilage: Elastic
Cartilage: Fibrocartilage
Osseous/Bone
Blood
Other Tissues
SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.6 FOR
DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING
TISSUES
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.7 FOR
DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING
TISSUES
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle