Transcript Slide 1

Cereal breeding for organic farming:
aspect of competitiveness against weeds
Dace Piliksere1, Vija Strazdina2, Zaiga Vicupe2, Zaiga Jansone2
1State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia
[email protected]
2State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Latvia
Introduction
Material and Methods
Assessing weed suppression ability of crops became more important with the development
of organic plant breeding.This report introduces with first results on the project
“Development, improvement and implementation of environmentally friendly and
sustainable crop breeding technologies”
The aim is to develop the methodology for an estimation of cereal varieties and breeding
lines for their competitive capacity against weeds, to establish more effective criteria of the
selection by significant crop characteristics in the breeding process.
The investigation is carried out at State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute and at State Stende Cereals
Breeding Institute in Latvia.
• In organic growing conditions
• With different varieties and breeding lines of such cereal species as:
• Barley (fig. 1)
• oat
• winter triticale
• winter wheat
Results
Photo by L. Legzdina
Cereals suppress weed growth, as it is
evident from field trials (fig. 2).
However, diverse cereal genotypes could
have different competitiveness against
weeds, that depends on crop growth
and
above-ground
characteristics.
Therefore we look for the most relevant
crop traits that influence weed growth
and can be of value in organic crop
breeding. Results from first investigation
year are shown below (fig. 3).
Figure 1. Diverse genotypes of barley differ in their
characteristics (stem elongation)
• Different crop, as well as some weed flora characteristics are taken into account, to evaluate cereal
varieties for their competitiveness:
•
•
•
•
•
Photo by L. Legzdina
Figure 2. Pure-weed plot versus barley-weed
plot at stem elongation.
•
•
•
field germination
crop growth habit at tillering and at stem elongation
crop tillering capacity
canopy height at the beginning and at the end of stem elongation and crop plant height before the harvesting
beginning of such crop phenological phases as tillering, stem elongation, heading and fully ripening, (in days from
sowing)
crop and weed ground cover several times from tillering to maturity
weed dry weights at cereal flowering or maturity
crop yields.
• Harrowing was not used in the trials, to exclude the impact of this factor.
Linear correlation method was used for statistical data analysis.
OAT (Stende)
BARLEY (Priekuli)
Canopy height (GS 31-32)
** *
**
*
Growth habit (GS 39)
**
Stem elongation (GS 30), days from sowing
*
**
Canopy height (GS 31-32)
**
Flag leaf width (GS 47-51)
Canopy height (GS 47-51)
Tillering (GS 21), days from sowing
**
Flag leaf length (GS 47-51)
**
**
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 31-37)
*
Number of productive stems
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 51-55)
*
Weed dry weight
(crop GS 90-92)
*
** **
Plant height (GS 90-92)
Grain yield
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
**
Crop ground cover (GS 51-55)
**
**
-0,4
0
0,2
0,4
*
Crop ground cover (GS 21-25)
*
*
**
**
**
**
WHEAT (Priekuli)
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
**
Canopy height (GS 31-32)
*
**
Flag leaf length (GS 47-51)
*
**
Flag leaf width (GS 47-51)
*
**
Crop ground cover
(GS 51-55)
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 31-37)
Canopy height (GS 47-51)
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 51-55)
Heading (GS 50-52), days from sowing
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 61-69)
Weed dry weight
(crop GS 61-69)
**
**
-0,4
-0,2
**
**
**
Grain yield
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
**
**
-0,8
0
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
Stem elongation (GS
30), days from sowing
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 31-37)
**
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 51-55)
**
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 61-69)
Weed dry weight
(crop GS 61-69)
**
**
**
Crop ground cover
(GS 51-55)
*
Canopy height (GS 4751)
Heading (GS 50-52),
days from sowing
*
Number of productive
stems
**
Coefficient of
productive tillering
**
Crop ground cover (GS
31-32)
*
**
Crop ground cover (GS
37-39)
-0,6
*
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 31-32)
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 37-39)
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
**
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
**
-0,8
*
Grain yield
**
Crop ground cover
(GS 61-69)
*
Canopy height (GS 3132)
*
*
Crop ground cover
(GS 31-37)
0,6
TRITICALE (Stende)
TRITICALE (Priekuli)
Grain yield
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 31-32)
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 39-47)
Weed dry weight
(crop GS 90-92)
*
Maturity (GS 92), days from sowing
Crop ground cover (GS 39-47)
-0,6
**
Crop ground cover (GS 31-32)
**
-0,8
*
Plant height (GS 90-92)
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
*
Crop ground cover
(GS 61-69)
0,8
WHEAT (Stende)
*
Number of productive
stems
* p<0,05; ** p<0,01
*
-0,6 -0,4 -0,2
0,6
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 90-92)
**
Plant height (GS 90-92)
Crop ground cover (GS 90-92)
-0,2
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 51-55)
**
Panicle stage (GS 50-52), days from sowing
Crop ground cover (GS 51-55)
**
-0,6
**
Grain yield
**
Maturity (GS 92), days from sowing
Weed ground cover
(crop GS 21-25)
Canopy height (GS 47-51)
*
Coefficient of productive tillering
Flag leaf width (GS 47-51)
-0,4
-0,2
0
-0,8
**
**
**
**
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
Figure 3. Significant correlations between weed observations and different crop traits.
First Conclusions
Acknowledgements
The first year’s results of investigation show that some crop traits are signifficantly correlated with weed growth.
However, these results should be reviewed for correctness in next at least two years more of experiments.
This study was performed with financial support of European Social Fund
co-financed project 2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099.
Detection of the most important crop characteristics, which provide the competitiveness against weeds for cereal
breeding aims in organic growing conditions, is stressed as a desired result.