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«Romeo and Juliet» Two households, both alike in dignity In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, …………..
• •
Why a tragedy?
death and misfortune
(= sfortuna)
of the two protagonists the tragic role of FATE
(= fato)
in spite of
(= nonostante)
the absence of a villain
(= il cattivo)
• • • • • •
Why a comedy?
romantic and courtly love the instant attraction of the young lovers the masked balls the theme of equivocation the comic servants the street fights.
A tragic plot
INTRODUCTION:
the presentation of hero/heroine
DEVELOPMENT:
the hero/heroine’s rise to power or happiness
CLIMAX:
the high point of the hero/heroine’s fortunes
CRISIS:
the
turning point
in the hero/heroine’s fortunes
DECLINE:
deterioration of the hero/heroine’s situation
CATASTROPHE:
the hero/heroine’s
downfall
, often to a condition of humiliation, degradation and death.
Time Line
Sunday:
Romeo is turned down by Rosaline – goes to the Capulets’ masked ball – falls in love with Juliet – they promise to marry
Monday:
Romeo asks Friar Lawrence to marry them - the secret wedding takes place – death of Mercutio and Tybalt – Romeo is exiled – Juliet is promised to Paris – first wedding night before the exile
Tuesday:
Romeo leaves for Mantua – Juliet refuses to marry – the friar gives her the potion – Juliet takes the potion
Wednesday:
the Nurse discovers Juliet dead – Juliet ‘s corpse
(= cadavere)
is carried to the Capulets’ family vault – Balthasar reaches Romeo and tells him of Juliet’s death – Romeo leaves for Verona – Paris is killed by Romeo near Juliet’s tomb and poisons himself – Juliet awakes and stabs herself
(= pugnalarsi)
with Romeo’s dagger
(= pugnale)
Thursday morning :
the friar explains what happened and reconcile the Capulet and Montague families
The protagonists
• •
Juliet
a submissive
(= sottomessa)
and obedient girl living a sheltered
(= protetta)
life, and a Capulet develops into a resolute, firm-minded
(= determinata)
• young woman more practical than Romeo, she always speaks • • • frankly
(= in modo franco)
and directly honest with both Romeo and herself a tragic heroine though she is set within the courtly love convention, she is
unconventional
because she stands for
(= rappresentare)
innocence, belongs to no characterisation, is a real woman •
Romeo
a popular, lively
(= vivace)
, sociable member of the Veronese society, and a Montague • a courteous lover with intense adoration of • a chaste
(= casta)
woman impassioned
(= appassionato)
but impractical impulsive and impetuous
Secondary characters
•
The Nurse
Juliet’s equivalent of Romeo’s Mercutio • • • feels genuine love for Juliet supplies a lot of humour her attitude
(= atteggiamento)
to love contrasts with that of the heroine • speaks a lot, but says very little • changes her mind
(= cambiare opinione)
with great rapidity and agrees with whatever
(= qualsiasi cosa)
seems to be the opinion of the moment • can mainly talk of sex, child rearing
(= tirare su bambini)
and old memories • • •
Mercutio
Romeo’s equivalent of Juliet’s Nurse Romeo’s best friend and a
foil
to him a winning personality: gay (= allegro), witty
(= arguto),
shrewd
(= acuto),
always talking and jesting
(= scherzare)
, he provides comedy makes caustic
(= caustico)
comments on Italian duels and fashionable courtiers
(= cortigiani)
• his death turns the comedy into tragedy
Functional characters
• •
Tybalt
a Capulet and Juliet’s cousin the quarreller
(= persona litigiosa)
and the troublemaker
(= piantagrane);
a • • contrast to Benvolio, he behaves
(= comportarsi)
according to type • lack the liveliness and individuality of Mercutio or the Nurse always angry and seeking revenge a plot device •
Paris
very different from Romeo, but not the unpleasant •
(= spiacevole)
opposite calm and decorous, shows the • normal form of courtship
(= corteggiamento)
his affection lacks
(= mancare di)
passionate involvement
(= coinvolgimento)
but is sincere, genuine and tender
(= tenero)
• he wishes
(= desiderare)
to be with Juliet in death • •
Benvolio
a Montague and Romeo’s cousin the peacemaker
(= pacificatore)
• • • a contrast to Tybalt a foil to Mercutio and Tybalt a plot device
http://francismagnificentworks.tumblr.com/post/91594947544/bruce robinson-as-benvolio-in-romeo-juliet
• •
Friar Lawrence
a holy man the one person Romeo and Juliet can turn to •
(= fare ricorso)
throughout the play his is the voice of moderation in a stormy and violent world •
a plot device
: the means
(= mazzo)
that promotes the plot
(= trama)
• • • • • • • • • •
MAIN FEATURES of the PLAY
universal themes love and death are combined rivalry
(= rivalità)
and hostility: the
feud
(= faida)
between the two families
.
old hate
vs
young love
foreboding
(= presentimento)
and
fate lack
(= mancanza)
of knowledge
coming from bad communication; tragedy of unawareness
(= inconsapevolezza)
speed
as the medium of fate.
imagery of light linked to life and the courtly love convention imagery of darkness linked to death word play and plain speaking - punning for comic effect