Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Journal Writing:

Which region would you rather live in? Why?

(Answer the questions in a paragraph that identifies at least 3 geographical features found in the region.) SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

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Reading Activity:

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You will read pages 13-18 with a partner.

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Answer the questions that follow each section.

• Yes, you must write the question and the answer.

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OR

You can answer the question in a complete sentence which provides information to convey what they question was asking in the first place.

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

What comes to mind when you see this word?

Write as many facts/thoughts that you can in one minute.

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Who am I?

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Complete the matching activity provided to you.

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What do you know about the Native American cultures found in Georgia?

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Jigsaw Time

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1's - Paleo Indian Period & Crossing the Land Bridge

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2's - Archaic Period

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3's - Woodland Period

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4's - Mississippian Period

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Early Migration

• Migration – Movement of people from one place to another.

• The first people migrated to North America between 30,000 BC to 10,000 BC. • During this time the world was experiencing an ice age. The extra ice, at the North and South poles, lowered ocean levels. This created a land bridge (Bering Land Bridge) that made it possible for people to walk from Asia to North America. • As the ice melted the ocean levels rose and covered the Bering Land Bridge separating people on different continents.

The Bering Land Bridge

Paleo Period

• 10,000 BC to 8,000 BC • Paleo (from Greek, “Very Old”) • Also called Old Stone Age. Most tools and spear points made of stone.

• Used an “atlatl”: stone sling-like implement that threw darts from a longer distance • Nomadic (roaming) hunters. Mainly hunted: – Mammoths, Mastodons, Bison, Ground Sloth, Caribou, and Moose • Because of constant migration the Paleo people frequently dug pits to use as a temporary shelter (dwelling).

• Archaeologists have found two Paleo skeletons buried with artifacts and covered with red powder. Archaeologists believe that this may indicate a belief in an afterlife and/or religious beliefs.

Archaic Period

• 8000 BC to 1000 BC • Archaic (means “Old”) • Migrated with each season to find best food resources. As larger game (animals) such as mammoths and mastodons became extinct the Archaic people began to hunt smaller game. Mainly hunted: – Deer, Bear, Turkey, Rabbit, Reptiles, Game Birds, Fish and Shellfish • Due to the fact that the Archaic people migrated less often they began to live in semi-permanent shelters (huts made of sticks and other natural materials) arranged in small villages.

• During the late Archaic period, horticulture (the planting of crops) allowed the Archaic to be less nomadic as they were able to grow most of their necessary food.

• Made tools such as choppers, drills, chipping tools, and fish hooks from deer antlers and bones. Also, began using grooved axes to clear trees and bushes. Continued to use the spear and atlatl for hunting but the Archaic people refined these to make hunting easier.

• Burial of the dead began to become important. Tools, weapons, and body ornaments have been found in some burial pits.

Woodland Period

• 1000 BC to AD 1000 • Continued to seasonally migrate (less movement than the Archaic people) and lived in tribal villages. These tribes (group of people with a common ancestry) would live and work together. The knowledge of agriculture (horticulture) continued to increase allowing the groups to grow most of what they ate. Woodland people would grow and/or harvest: – Squash, Beans, Corn (Maize), Sunflowers, Berries, and Nuts • Woodland people continued to hunt: – Deer, Bear, Turkey, Rabbit, Reptiles, Game Birds, Fish and Shellfish • Built domed-shaped huts using trees and other natural materials. The Eastern Woodland people built wattle and daub homes (wooden frame covered with reed mats and plaster).

• Began to use the bow and arrow as the main tool for hunting. Arrow points were frequently made out of stone, shark teeth, and deer antlers.

• Elaborate religious ceremonies were introduced during this time period and were spread through trade amongst the different tribes. Began building cone shaped burial mounds and adorned the body with jewelry. Archaeologists believe that this may indicate a belief in an afterlife and/or religious beliefs.

Mississippian Period

• AD 700 to AD 1600 • The Mississippian people continued to live in tribes and lived in permanent shelters and villages. Tribes began to join together during this time period and formed larger nations (allowed for division of labor and increased protection and safety). The knowledge of agriculture (horticulture) continued to increase allowing the groups to grow most of what they ate and began storing extra food to keep a supply for the entire year. Mississippian people would grow and/or harvest: – Corn (Maize), Beans, Pumpkins and Squash • Due to the division of labor the Mississippian people had more time to dedicate to the arts (advanced pottery, jewelry, and clothing).

• Continued to improve wattle and daub houses (wood and clay) and began to protect their villages through the use of moats and palisades (wooden walls). • Improved upon the bow and arrow as the main tool for hunting and for defense. Arrow points were frequently made out of stone, shark teeth, and deer antlers.

• Continued to build burial mounds and religious centers for religious ceremonies and priests/chiefs.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Either….Or

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Paleo

OR

Mississippian ?

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Write two sentences to tell why.

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Woodland

OR

Archaic ?

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Write two sentences to tell why.

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Vocabulary Review… What do you know?

• Take a look at the following words to ensure you are prepared for the Review Activity: • Archaic Indians • Woodland Indians • Mississippian Indians • Hernando de Soto • Barrier islands • Missions • Mercantilism • Paleo Indians SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Jigsaw Time

• • • • 1's - Paleo Indian Period & Crossing the Land Bridge 2's - Archaic Period 3's - Woodland Period 4's - Mississippian Period You are now the experts. You will redeliver your knowledge to the others in your new group to ensure everyone has access to the key facts for the standard. (See below.) SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Group Work is the Dream Work!

Choice A

Work with the members of your group to create a Georgia Narrative Story in the form of a play.

Choice B

Work independently or with a partner to write a narrative as if you are a child in one of the 4 groups researched in class.

Present the key information on the specific time period your group selects.

Your narrative should be written to convey a day in the life BUT it must convey the information relative to the standard. (Refer to your Graphic Organizer.) SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

In conclusion…

• Choose the best word from this week’s study to complete each statement.

1. The _________ used spears and Atlatl as weapons and tools.

2. The _________ began living in small groups called bands or clans.

3. The _________ grew tobacco to use in religious ceremonies.

4. The _________ introduced elaborate religious ceremonies. 5. _______________ was the first European explorer in Georgia and is held responsible for killing a large number of Native Americans in his quest for gold and glory.

SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

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Hey… Tell me more…

4 6 • Identify the region/cities/ geographical features labeled on the map.

1 5 2 SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Writing is learning!

• Your Task: •

Write a letter to the chief of the Prehistoric Native Americans you have been assigned and explain how you environment has affected you as a Native American.

• 1s: Paleo-Indian Period • 2s: Archaic Period • 3s: Woodland Period • 4s: Mississippian Period SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Now you’re an expert…

• In each of the boxes, draw a comic book scene from each of the different time periods of the evolution of Native American cultures. • Each scene should include a minimum of one Native American from that time period. • In addition to the Native Americans in the scene a minimum of 2 (two) of the following should be shown: 1) Native Americans getting food. 2) Native Americans using appropriate tools/weapons. 3) Types of homes that Native Americans lived in. 4) Evidence of religion (if applicable). SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

In conclusion…

• Consider your own personality.

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Which Native American culture do you think best suits you?

• Write at least one paragraph to explain.

• I think I would be most happy as a member of the ________. I feel this way because… SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Vocabulary Review

1. Missions 2. Archaic Indians 3. Barrier islands 4. Mississippian Indians 5. Paleo Indians 6. Hernando de Soto 7. Mercantilism 8. Woodland Indians a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) first to rely on horticulture and farming as a major source of food first human beings in Georgia; hunted large animals; used spears made of wood and flint inhabited GA from about 800 to 1600 AD; considered most complex churches set up in an attempt to convert Indians to Catholicism an economic structure where a county seeks to export more than is imported first European explorer in Georgia, was directly responsible for starving and killing a large number Native Americans in his quest for gold and glory islands along Georgia's coast nomadic group that made several technological advancements, including the atlatl that allowed spears to be thrown at a high rate of speed SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Now you’re an expert…

• In each of the boxes, draw a comic book scene from each of the different time periods of the evolution of Native American cultures. • Each scene should include a minimum of one Native American from that time period. • In addition to the Native Americans in the scene a minimum of 2 (two) of the following should be shown: 1) Native Americans getting food. 2) Native Americans using appropriate tools/weapons. 3) Types of homes that Native Americans lived in. 4) Evidence of religion (if applicable). SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

Please adhere to the established rules of the classroom.

Talking during a quiz is not permissible and result in a grade of zero. SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

Lesson EQ: How did various developments in the culture of prehistoric Native Americans mark their evolution from the Paleo period through the Mississippian period?

In conclusion…

• Consider your own personality.

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Which Native American culture do you think you would not fit into?

• Write at least one paragraph to explain.

• I think I would not be able to survive as a member of the ________. I feel this way because… SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.