Transcript DECLINE TRAVERSE CSA MINE – COBAR NSW

DECLINE TRAVERSE
CSA MINE – COBAR NSW
DMR COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT
WALL STATION METHOD OVERVIEW
16km EXISTING DECLINES
1.4km VERTICAL DEPTH
COMPLIANCE with SP1 CLASS D
WALL STATION TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
RECORD, PROCESS and NETWORK ADJUST
COMPARE DECLINE TRAVERSE
PROCEDURE WITH BASIC WALL STATION
METHOD
CMPL – CSA Mine Cobar NSW
CSA SURVEY COMPLIANCE
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MANAGERS OF THE CSA MINE, COBAR MANAGEMENT Pty Ltd, ARE COMMITTED TO
COMPLIANCE WITH “SURVEY AND DRAFTING DIRECTIONS FOR MINING
SURVEYORS”
VARIOUS STAFF AND CONSULTANTS HAVE CONTRIBUTED WITH EXTENSIVE DIGITISING
OF ARCHIVED PLANS AND CREATION OF ELECTRONIC FILES OF VERTICAL OPENINGS,
SERVICES AND STOPES
GLENN WILLIAMS COMMENCED ON THE PROJECT IN JANUARY 2004
SURVEY CONTROL WAS (AND IS) OF HIGHER PRIORITY THAN DRAFTING
REVIEW OF SURVEY CONTROL SHOWED THAT CHECK AND GYRO SURVEYS HAD BEEN
CONDUCTED, BUT WITH NO SUBSEQUENT ERROR ANALYSIS OR NETWORK
ADJUSTMENT.
GLENN ASSESED POSSIBLY LINKING ORIGINAL AND CHECK SURVEYS WITH ADDITIONAL
CONVENTIONAL TRAVERSING AND REPROCESSING WITH COMPNET SOFTWARE.
THE OVERWHELMING NEGATIVES WERE:
– EXCESSIVE MANUAL TYPING
– LACK OF CLOSURES
– NO RECORD OF STANDARDS SUCH AS TEMPERATURE OR PRESSURE CORRECTIONS,
OR INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION CHECKS
– KEY STATIONS SHOTCRETED, INACCESSABLE OR MISSING
– DIFFICULT TO QUANTIFY ADDITIONAL FIELD WORK REQUIRED
– NO GUARANTEE THAT FINAL ALALGAMATION OF OLD AND NEW TRAVERSES WOULD
PASS.
DMR COMPLIANCE - CSA
DECLINE TRAVERSE
PROJECT
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MAIN DECLINE ~14km x 1.4km DEEP
½ ALL SURVEY LINES ~30m LONG
PRACTICALITIES OF RETRAVERSING ON
BACK (ROOF for coal miners) STATIONS
DISRUPTIVE MINING ACTIVITY
TO IDENTIFY, REPAIR OR INSTALL BACK
STATIONS WOULD ADD CONSIDERABLE
TIME TO THE PROJECT
AFTER 4 YEARS OF WALL STATIONS AT A
MINE IN WA, I WAS CONFIDANT THAT
WALL STATIONS WERE AS ACCURATE AS
BACK STATIONS, PROVIDED THE
RETRAVERSE ROUTINE (RATHER THAN
JUST THE WALL STATION METHOD) WAS
ADHERED TO.
CSA DECLINE & SHAFTS
NO WORKINGS SHOWN
WALL STATION METHOD OVERVIEW
HISTORY:
 BRENDON McCORMACK DEVELOPED THE
WALL PRISM STEM AND RESECTION
SYSTEM BETWEEN MID 1999 and MARCH
2000
 HE WAS CHIEF SURVEYOR AT WMC’s
KAMBALDA (WA) NICKEL OPERATIONS
 SAFETY INITIATIVE TO AVOID WORKING
AT HEIGHT
WALL STATION METHOD
HISTORY: BRENDON’S TOOLS
 LEICA TCRA 1103 – A MOTORISED
ELECTRONIC TOTAL STATION WITH
‘AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION’
 PROGRAMMING SKILLS WITH LEICA
ONBOARD SOFTWARE
 SURPAC MINING SOFTWARE
 SKILLS WITH SURPAC MACROS
WALL STATION METHOD
WALL STATION CONCEPT
Instrument position and orientation derived using
observed distances and angle to two known points. New
point (C) is then located.
WA School of Mines
WALL STATION METHOD
B McCormack
WALL STATION METHOD
PRISMS USED IN WALL STATIONS
PRISM DESIGNED TO ROTATE ABOUT A SINGLE POINT
BRENDON McCORMACK
WALL STATION METHOD
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SYSTEM IS DEPENDENT UPON ACCURATE DISTANCES
LEICA ROUND PRISM IS ESSENTIAL TO THE SYSTEM
34.4mm PRISM CONSTANT GIVES SAME MEASURE
POINT REGARDLESS OF HOW ACCURATELY THE PRISM
IS AIMED
LEICA ROUND IS THE ONLY PRISM WITH THIS FEATURE
STAINLESS STEEL STEM IS SIMPLE, DIRECT AND CHEAP
OTHER STEM/SLEEVE ARRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN
LOCALLY IMPLEMENTED BY SOME COMPANIES
WALL STATION METHOD
THE CALCULATED INSTRUMENT POSITION
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COORDINATE GEOMETRY PROGRAMS WITH LEAST SQUARES
and/or BOWDITCH ADJUSTMENT EXIST ON MOST ELECTRONIC
INSTRUMENTS
ENOUGH OBSERVATIONS AND KNOWN DATA FOR 4 POSSIBLE
TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS
WITH STATION DATA UPLOADED, SURVEYOR HAS ABSOLUTE
PROOF OF POSITION BEFORE WORK COMMENCES
NO SOLUTION IF INCORRECT DETAILS APPLIED e.g. WRONG STN
NAME OR COORDINATE VALUE
SYSTEM IS HIGHLY AUTOMATED FOR MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY IN
THE PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
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TO START, RESECT FROM OR OCCUPY A PROVEN CONTROL LINE
RUN A CLOSED LOOP OF FORCE CENTRED TEMPORARY POINTS (TPs)
WITH RECIPROCAL HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES
READ TO WALL STATIONS FROM EACH TP
EACH WALL STATION IS READ FROM AT LEAST 2, BUT USUALLY 3 TPs
THE LOOP OF TPs CLOSES OFF BY RESECTING TO OR OCCUPYING A
SECOND PROVEN CONTROL LINE.
EACH LOOP CAN BE NO MORE THAN WHAT CAN BE ACHIEVED IN A
SINGLE SESSION OF FIELDWORK. A TP IS A TRIPOD/TRIBRACH IN
AN ACTIVE DECLINE. IT SIMPLY CANNOT BE LEFT UNTIL YOUR NEXT
SHIFT.
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
CSA62 is a surface control
stn above the portal. The
solid orange line is part of a
closed surface control
network.
The darker green line is the
outward leg of the loop of
TPs. The lighter green line is
the return end of the loop.
Because of its vertical
nature, the plan view is not
clear.
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
Solid lines are observed both ways
between TPs.
Dotted lines are observed one way
only, usually to a wall station and
occasionally to a previous back
station.
Wall station 10100-08 has 3 one
way observations.
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
STNS 9800-60, 9800-61, 9800-62 & 9800-63 ARE BASELINE
CONTROL STATIONS.
LOOP STARTS BY RESECTING FROM THE TOP 2 TO
ESTABLISH TP 61G. FROM 61G THE TRAVERSE CONTINUES
OUT THROUGH 62G, 63B, 64….79 WITH 79 BEING THE
OUTERMOST STATION.
THE REVERSE LEG CONTINUES BACK FROM 79 TROUGH 78A,
77A….64A, 63C. AT 63C A CLOSING RESECTION IS READ TO
STNS 9800-63 AND 9800-62.
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
ORANGE LINE DOWN, YELLOW LINE BACK. DOTTED LINES
ARE SINGLE DIRECTION SHOTS TO WALL STATIONS.
DECLINE TRAVERSE RECORDING
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LEICA SETS OF ANGLES WAS INSTALLED TO ELECTRONICALLY RECORD
ALL TRAVERSE OBSERVATIONS
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ELECTRONICALLY RECORDED TRAVERSE FILES CAN BE EMAILED
ANYWHERE FOR INDEPENDENT CALCULATION, AUDIT OR ASSESSMENT.
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“SETS OF ANGLES” LEARNS THE LOCATION OF ALL POINTINGS FOR THE
SETUP ON THE FIRST FACE LEFT ROUND. PROVIDED YOU REMEMBER
TO TELL IT TO NOT STOP, THE INSTRUMENT RUNS THROUGH THE
NOMINATED NUMBER OF SETS BY ITSELF.
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OBSERVATIONS OUTSIDE THE NOMINATED TOLERANCE CAUSE THE
PROGRAM TO HALT FOR OPERATOR INPUT. THIS MOST COMMONLY
OCCURRED ON VERY SHORT DISTANCES.
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THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF POINTINGS TO ANY TARGET IS 4. IF LARGER
THAN USUAL SPREADS OCCURRED, ADDITIONAL ROUNDS WERE READ.
DECLINE TRAVERSE RECORDING
AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION
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AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION (ATR) WAS ACTIVE FOR ALL PRISM
POINTINGS. (IT WAS DISABLED FOR REFLECTORLESS POINTING TO
EXISTING BACK STATIONS. WHEN MORE THAN ONE PRISM WAS IN THE
MEASURING FIELD, WE HAD TO COVER ONE. THE INSTRUMENT WOULD
ACTUALLY ALERT US TO THE MULTIPLE PRISM SITUATION)
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USING THE ONBOARD LASER WITH ATR MEANT THAT SIGHTING
THROUGH THE TELESCOPE WAS MOSTLY UNNECESSARY. SIMPLY POINT
THE LASER CLOSE TO THE TARGET AND PRESS ‘ALL’.
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TOLERANCES BETWEEN OBSERVATIONS CAN BE CHECKED AND IF
DESIRED, RECORDED TO THE GSI FILE.
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THERE WERE SOME ISSUES WITH LEARNING TO USE THIS PROGRAM.
THEY WERE ALL RESOLVED BY NOT USING SURPAC CODING.
DECLINE TRAVERSE PROCESSING
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COMPNET WAS USED TO DOWNLOAD AND
PROCESS TRAVERSE FILES
COMPNET SUCKS IN “SETS OF ANGLES” OR ANY
GSI FILE, PROCESSES AND 3D ADJUSTS.
COMPNET REPORTS SPECIFICALLY ADDRESS THE
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS UNDER SP1.
SOME LEARNING REQUIRED FOR PROFICIENCY
WITH COMPNET.
MOST ISSUES ORIGINATE WITH INCORRECTLY
NAMED STATIONS WHEN OBSERVING. OTHERS
WITH POOR EDITING OF FALSE STARTS.
THE PROGRAM ASSISTS WITH IDENTIFYING SUCH
ERRORS.
SUPPORT (EMAIL AND TELEPHONE) WITH THIS
SOFTWARE IS EXCEPTIONAL. FRANK SMITH,
COMPNET’S CREATOR, DOES EVERYTHING POSSIBLE
TO RESOLVE ANY QUERIES OR ISSUES PROMPTLY.
COMPLIANCE WITH SP1 CLASS D
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WE DID NOT PASS CLASS D AS DEFINED IN MAY 2004
OUR LARGEST MAJOR ELIPSE WAS 0.064m. THE ALLOWABLE RELATIVE ELIPSE
0.046m.
WHAT TO DO? ADVICE FROM BOSSI WAS TO ENGAGE A CONSULTANT TO AUDIT
OUR TRAVERSE AND RECOMMEND REMEDIAL ACTIONS.
BOSSI (PHILIP ORR) NOMINATED FRANK SMITH AS AN APPROPRIATE CONSULTANT
TO ADVISE US (CSA – CMPL).
WE HIRED HIM. VIA THE COMPNET LEARNING EXERCISE, FRANK ALREADY HAD A
LARGE PART OF THE NETWORK TO BE ASSESSED. HOWEVER, ALL FILES WERE
FORMALLY SENT TO HIM.
FRANK’S CALCULATIONS INCLUDED A SIMULATION OF THE WALL STATION
TRAVERSE WHERE THE WALL STATIONS WERE CALCULATED AS CONVENTIONAL
OCCUPIED STATIONS WITH CORRESPONDING SETUP AND OBSERVATION
TOLERANCES.
ERROR ELIPSES OF THE “OCCUPIED STATION SIMULATION” WERE MARGINALLY
LARGER THAN WALL STATION ADJUSTMENT.
2824 OBSERVATIONS, 2 POINTS FIXED, 874 FLOATING POINTS AND 2 GYRO
DIRECTIONS (HUTCHISON & CO)
IN SHORT, FRANK’S REPORT GAVE OUR WALL STATION TRAVERSE A BIG TICK WITH
A RECOMMENDATION THAT CLASS D BE RE-DEFINED TO AN ACHIEVABLE
STANDARD.
BASIC WALL STATION METHOD COMPARED
TO (RE)TRAVERSE PROCEDURE
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MERGE4 is a merge of 3 closed loops of the retraverse routine. Traverse ~ 2200m
down the main decline and ~ 240m vertical. Biggest major elipse ~ 45mm.
RTRV19 is a second link between the start and end of MERGE4. This link ran up an
alternative decline installing and measuring wall stations as in PRODUCTION MINE
SURVEYING (Referred to earlier in this document as the Wall Station Method).
That is to resect from 2 wall stations and observe to a new station. Move up, resect
again using the new station and observe to the next new stn. And so on.
There are 2 common stations at the top and 2 common stations at the bottom.
COORDINATE CHECK: Fix the lower and compare at the top.
MERGE4
9400-141
E .8325 N .1501 RL .1183
RTRV19
.8852
.1665
.1279
DIFFERENCE
+.0527 +.0164
+.0096
Absolute error ellipse at 9400-141 0.2842 Major 0.0564 Minor.
COORDINATE CHECK: Fix the top and compare at the bottom.
MERGE4
9200-168
E 7.5118 N 0.2410 RL 0.4672
RTRV19
E 7.4756 N 0.2312 RL 0.462
DIFFERENCE
-.0362 -.0098
-.0046
Absolute error ellipse is a monster. 0.5206maj. 0.0551min.
COORDINATE CLOSE IS OK FOR MUCH LESS WORK.
Largest absolute error ellipse for any station on merge4 is 0.0448 at 153a.
Merge4 has 14 relative ellipses that failed Class D by up to 2.4mm.
Rtrv19 every relative ellipse failed current class D. (About 50 pages of them).