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FORTH/ICE-HT
Work Package 2
Potential to produce Methane from
extraction By-products Through
Anaerobic Digestion
FORTH
G. Antonopoulou, K. Stamatelatou and G. Lyberatos
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed and
sunflower meal
Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests on rapeseed and
sunflower meal
• Selection of both feedstocks
• Characterization of their physicochemical and biochemical
parameters
• Application of pretreatment methods for enhancing the
methane potential and their biodegradability
- thermal ( 1bar, 121oC for 60 min )
- alkaline treatment (NaOH)
- acid treatment (H2SO4)
FORTH/ICE-HT
Potential to produce Methane from
Rapeseed meal
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed meal
100
Characteristic
value
Dry matter (wt%)
91.17
Moisture (wt%)
8.83
Volatile Solids (wt% dry basis)
86.80
Ash (wt% dry basis)
13.2
Chemical Oxygen demand (g O2 /g dry basis)
1.437
Total protein (wt% dry basis)
6.197
Fat (wt% dry basis)
5.48
10
Soluble carbohydrates (wt% dry basis)
5.91
0
mL CH4
90
80
70
60
50
40
and
30
rapeseed meal
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
time (d)
Yield = 423
Yield
m3 CH4 / t dry matter
463.52
L CH4/ kgVS
534
m3 biogas / t feedstock
577
m3 CH4
t rapeseed meal
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
35
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed meal
Effect of thermal pretreatment
 Conditions : 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm
600
L CH4 / kg rapeseed meal
100
mL CH4
80
60
and
and
40
without treatment
thermal treatment
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
time (d)
25
Without pretreatment
Thermal treatment
30
423 m3 CH4/t feedstock
435
400
300
200
100
0
35
m3CH4/t
500
without pretreatment
thermal pretreatment
Only 2.8 % increase
feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed meal
Effect of alkaline pretreatment
L CH4 / kg rapeseed meal
Alkaline : 60 min in NaOH (2%w/v)
Thermal alkaline: 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm, with NaOH (2%w/v)
100
mL CH4
80
60
40
and
and
20
without treatment
alkaline treatment
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
600
500
400
without treatment
thermal treatment
alkaline treatment
thermal alkaline treatment
300
200
100
0
time (d)
Without pretreatment
423 m3CH4/t feedstock
Alkaline treatment
346 m3CH4/t feedstock
Thermal alkaline treatment
318 m3CH4/t feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed meal
Effect of acid pretreatment
Acid : 60 min in H2SO4 (2%w/v)
Thermal acid: 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm, with H2SO4 (2%w/v)
600
mL CH4
80
60
40
and
and
20
without treatment
acid treatment
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
L CH4 / kg rapeseed meal
100
500
400
without treatment
thermal treatment
acid treatment
thermal acid treatment
300
200
100
0
time (d)
Without pretreatment
423 m3CH4/t feedstock
Acid treatment
314 m3CH4/t feedstock
Thermal acid treatment
299 m3CH4/t feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from rapeseed
extraction
meal
straws
423 m3 CH4 / t meal
577 m3 biogas / t meal
203 m3 CH4 / t straws
273 m3 biogas / t straws
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Potential to produce Methane from
Sunflower meal
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from sunflower meal
110
Characteristic
value
Dry matter (wt%)
92.14
90
Moisture (wt%)
7.86
80
Volatile Solids (wt% dry basis)
89.18
Ash (wt% dry basis)
10.82
Chemical Oxygen demand (g O2 /g dry basis)
1.3823
Total protein (wt% dry basis)
4.99
mL CH4
100
70
60
50
40
30
and
sunflower meal
20
Fat (wt% dry basis)
4.56
Soluble carbohydrates (wt% dry basis)
4.15
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
time (d)
Yield = 445
Yield
m3 CH4 / t dry matter
483
L CH4/ kgVS
542
m3 biogas / t feedstock
603
m3 CH4
t sunflower meal
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from sunflower meal
Effect of thermal pretreatment
 Conditions : 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm
120
L CH4 /kg sunflower meal
600
100
mL CH4
80
60
40
and
and
20
without pretreatment
thermal treatment
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
500
without pretreatment
thermal pretreatment
400
300
200
100
0
time (d)
Without pretreatment
Thermal treatment
445 m3 CH4/t feedstock
462
m3CH4/t
Only 3.8 % increase
feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from sunflower meal
Effect of alkaline pretreatment
Alkaline : 60 min in NaOH (2%w/v)
Thermal alkaline: 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm, with NaOH (2%w/v)
L CH4 / kg sunflower meal
600
100
mL CH4
80
60
40
and
and
20
without treatment
alkaline treatment
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
500
without treatment
thermal treatment
alkaline treatment
thermal alkaline treatment
400
300
200
100
0
time (d)
Without pretreatment
445 m3CH4/t feedstock
Alkaline treatment
336 m3CH4/t feedstock
Thermal alkaline treatment
335 m3CH4/t feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from sunflower meal
Effect of acid pretreatment
Acid : 60 min in H2SO4 (2%w/v)
Thermal acid: 60 min in 120oC, 1.2atm, with H2SO4 (2%w/v)
600
L CH4 / kg sunflower meal
100
mL CH4
80
60
40
and
and
20
without treatment
acid treatment
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
500
without treatment
thermal treatment
acid treatment
acid thermal treatment
400
300
200
100
0
35
time (d)
Without pretreatment
445 m3CH4/t feedstock
Acid treatment
282 m3CH4/t feedstock
Thermal acid treatment
355 m3CH4/t feedstock
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from sunflower
extraction
meal
straws
445 m3 CH4 / t meal
603 m3 biogas / t meal
218 m3 CH4 / t straws
313 m3 biogas / t straws
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Potential to produce Methane from
Olive pulp – (2phase OMW)
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
Olive pulp
FORTH/ICE-HT
• Semi solid residue (Borja et al, 2006)
• Coming from the two phase extraction of
olive oil
• High humidity
• Difficult to store, transfer
and further process to extract
the seed oil
• Material rich in carbohydrates
and organic content (Guillén et al, 1992)
Suitable for biofuels production
such as hydrogen, methane
Characteristic
value
Moisture (%)
71.5 ± 0.4
Total Solids (% w/w)
28.4 ± 0.4
Volatile Solids (% w/w)
26.2 ± 0.2
Crushed olive stones (% w/w)
1.3823
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from olive pulp
• Possible to produce biogas under mesohilic (35 C) and
thermophilic (55 C) conditions
• Continuous operation of bioreactors (CSTR)
• Working volume 3L
• Stable operation under Hydraulic Retention Times from 20 d
to 10 d (mesophilic) and from 20 to 3d (thermophilic)
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane productivity and yield
Mesophilic
Borja et al. (2004) (solid
retention in the bioreactors)
HRT (d)
40
Dilution of olive pulp
20
10
8.3
1:5
Our group
20
10
1:4
Organic Loading Rate (gCOD/L/d)
0.86
1.21
3.45
4.14
3.94 7.88
Methane production rate (L CH4/L/d)
0.24
0.47
0.91
0.85
0.69 1.27
Yield (L methane/gCODadded)
0.38
0.40
0.35
0.31
0.18 0.16
Yield (L CH4/L olive pulp)
55.2 50.8
3 biogas
m
74. 9
t olive pulp
FORTH/ICE-HT
Methane production from olive pulp
Thermophilic
Our group
HRT (d)
20
10
Dilution of olive pulp
5
3
1:4
Organic Loading Rate (gCOD/L/d)
3.94
7.88
15.76
26.27
Methane production rate (L CH4/L/d)
0.71
1.22
1.92
2.78
Yield (L methane/gCODadded)
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.11
57
49
38
33
Yield (L CH4/Lolive pulp)
3
79. 3 m biogas
t olive pulp
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy
Thank you !
FORTH/ICE-HT
24 April 2009, Foggia, Italy