Transcript Slide 1

Product Training Session-1
Lighting Technologies
Presented by :Karthik Vinayaka
Dept: PDD India
Monday, July 20, 2015
www.element-14.com
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Agenda
LIGHTING INTRODUCTION
LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
DIFFERENT LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS
TARGET MARKET
CONCLUSION
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Introduction
Light is simply a name for a range of electromagnetic radiation that can be
detected by the human eye.
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What is electromagnetic radiation, then?
Is a form of energy that exhibits wave like behaviour as it travels through space.
R ~ 1.62eV
O ~ 2.08eV
Y ~ 2.15eV
G ~ 2.52eV
B ~ 2.73eV
V ~ 3.17eV
The radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in
which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously .
Electromagnetic radiation is classified according to the frequency of its wave.
LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
Ambient Light :The light already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is
added. Ex: Natural light. More info: Ambient Light
Incident Light : Light seen directly from a light source (lamp, sun, etc).
Reflected Light : Light seen after having bounced off a surface.
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DIFFERENT LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Conventional Methods of converting electrical energy to light:
•Heating up bits of wire
•Passing Electricity through gas at near vacuum
•Passing Electricity through gas above atmospheric pressure
The top five global lighting
technologies include
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Incandescent light
Fluorescent,
Halogen
High-intensity discharge
light-emitting diodes (LED)
The Incandescent light bulb : incandescent lamp
produces light by heating a metal filament wire to a
high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is
protected from oxidation in the air with a glass
enclosure that is filled with inert gas.
Fluorescent lamp:
compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)
The tube is filled with noble gas (i.e. argon, neon, helium).
The tube also contains a small amount of mercury that when
heated becomes mercury vapor.
The inside of the tube is lined with phosphorescent material
(mostly phosphorous).
In the base of the bulb, There is an electronic ballast that
boosts the line voltage up high enough to ionize the gas inside
the bulb. As this happens the mercury also vaporizes inside the
tube.
The ionized gas and ionized mercury vapor emit ultraviolet light
which strikes the phosphorous. The phosphorous, in turn, emits
white light that lights up the room.
Halogen : Halogen lamps use a tungsten filament that is encased inside a
Small quartz envelope. Similar to an incandescent lamp, the electrical current
causes the tungsten filament to heat up to temperatures above 2500°C and
get “white hot” and produce visible light.
The envelope is much closer to the filament. Thus, to prevent it from melting
High-Intensity Discharge : HID lamps are available in the form of mercury or sodium
vapour and typically are used as street lamps and outdoor lighting for stadiums. These
lamps are popular because they are efficient and have a high-brightness output. In the
case of sodium vapour, they are twice as efficient as normal fluorescent bulbs.
Mercury and sodium vapour lamps produce light using a technique similar to that used
in fluorescent lamps, where a low-pressure mercury vapour produces lots of ultraviolet
light that excites a phosphor coating on the tube.
What is an Solid-state lighting
Solid-state lighting (SSL): refers to a type of lighting that uses semiconductor light
emitting diodes (LEDs), as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments,
plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas. LED is a
semiconductor diode that glows when operated in forward biased direction.
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are those little colour lights you see in
electronic equipment, household appliances, toys, on signs, and many
other places. Red, yellow and green ones are the most common,
since they are have been used widely.
LEDs are different from ordinary light bulbs because they do not have
a filament to break or burn out. They generate very little heat, and are
ideal for putting lights into battery-operated equipment like telephones
and portable computers.
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Epoxy Encapsulation
Basic Structure of an LED
LED die
Die – light emitting semiconductor
‘Anode’ post
material
Encapsulation – translucent case to
protect the die and disperse the light
Lead frame – the die is placed on it
‘Cathode’ post
+
Cathode lead
Anode lead
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Types of LEDs
Discrete LEDs
• Available in a variety of shapes
and size
LED Displays
• LED multi-segment display
• LED dot-matrix display
• Bargraph
LED clusters
7-segment 14-segment
LED Display LED Display
Dot-matrix
LED Display
Bargraph
• A group or cluster of discrete LEDs
are used to provide a bright light
source.
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Types of Discrete LEDs
Standard LEDs
Flashing LEDs
• Flashing LEDs look like ordinary LEDs but they
contain an integrated circuit (IC) which controls LED
flash times per seconds.
High Power LEDs
• They give out large amounts of light.
• The future of lighting
Multi-color LEDs
• Two or more semiconductor chips within one LED
package, each producing a different color, usually the
three primary colors, Red, Green and Blue.
Infrared LEDs (IRLEDs)
• Invisible LED; infrared light output.
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How to test an LED
•Never connect an LED directly to a battery or power supply! It will be destroyed almost
instantly because too much current will pass through and burn it out.
•LEDs must have a resistor in series to limit the current to a safe value, for quick testing
purposes a 1k resistor is suitable for most LEDs if your supply voltage is 12V or less..
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Key Parameter of LED
Parameter of standard
LED
LED Color
Forward Current If
Forward Voltage
Description
The color of an LED is determined by the semiconductor material.
Indicates the current flowing through the LED to turn on. It is the maximum
average amount of current the diode is able to conduct in forward bias
mode
Forward voltage is the voltage required to activate an LED
Luminous Intensity
Lens Shape
Wavelength Typ
Brightness of the LED at the given current, mcd = millicandela
This attribute the exact shape of LED. Ex: Round, Rectangular, Square, Dome
The peak wavelength of the light emitted, this determines the colour of the
LED .nm = nanometre
Bulb Size
Viewing Angle
LED Mounting
This attribute indicates the size of the LED
Angle is the width of the beam of light produced by an LED
This attribute refers to type of LED mounting , TH, SMD, Panel
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Why Use an LED?
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LED Market Segmentation
General
Illumination
Automotive
Head lamps
High Beam Lights
Interior Lighting
Dashboard Lighting
Rear Lights
Turn Signals
Emergency Vehicle Lighting
Aftermarket Accent Lighting
•
Bulb replacement
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Gaming Machines
Clavilux (Disco)
Medical / Dental
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Billboards
Community Information
Security, Exits
Backlighting
–
–
–
–
–
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Home
Office
Flashlights
Indicator / Fun lights
–
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•
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Traffic lights and signs
Signage
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•
Other Markets
Monitors
TVs
Portable devices
Camera/Camcorders
Handsets
Instruments
Camera Flash
User experience
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–
–
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Handset fun lights
Handset indicators
Toys
Instruments
Endoscopes
MRI / CAT scan
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LED Application

Indicators and signs
 Status indicator; LED panels; Traffic lights; Exit signs…

Lighting
 Replacement light bulbs; Flashlights; Streetlights; Architectural lighting;
Vehicle lighting; LED dental curing light …

Non visual applications
 Remote control; Touch sensing; Movement sensing…
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High Power LED
Typical LEDs— Characteristics and
Applications
Multi Die LED modules
Vf ~ 5…8V
I~ up to 1.5A/LED
High current white LEDs
Vf ~ 3.5…6V
I~ up to 1A/LED
White Flash LEDs
Low Power LED
Vf ~ 4…6V
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I~ 0.4…0.6A/LED
White LEDs
Vf ~ 3.3…3.7
I~ 0…25mA
Single color or RGB LEDs
Blue Vf~3.7
Green Vf ~3.1
Red Vf ~2.0
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Target Markets
LEDs have gained widespread use and now can be found nearly
everywhere.
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Associated and Accessory Products
It is always important to ask the customer about associated and accessory products.
Associated Products
Accessory Products

Panel assemblies

PC board standoffs

Cartridge holders

Light pipes

LED mounting kits

Bezels

LED testers

LED spacers

LED Driver module


LED Lens
Adhesive -Thermal
conductive
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LED for future
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
OLED is an organic layer of resources that emits light when electricity is
passed through it. OLED is proving to consume even less power and have a
clean, crisp picture than an LED TV.
An OLED is Organic light emitting diode which emissive electroluminescent
layer is composed of a film of organic compounds.
OLED invented by Ching Tang and Steve Van Slyke in 1987 at Kodak Labs.
Features
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as a window
Continued in Next session
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Conclusion
In this training, we had an opportunity to learn the basic knowledge of Lighting and LEDs.
LED (light emitting diode).
•An LED will emit light when the current is passed through it.
•The color of the light depends on the semiconductor material of the LED.
•There are many advantages which make LEDs eye-catching for high-performance modern
electronics. For example, their low power consumption extends battery life and thus they
are well suited for portable applications.
•LED's fast turn-on/turn-off characteristics fit perfectly with the needs of automotive tail
lights, especially the brake lights. LEDs are environmental friendly,
•LEDs do not contain lead or mercury.
•LED lighting facilitates a full-spectrum light source with larger color range.
•LEDs have an exceptionally long lifespan, which enables their use in applications where
long-term reliability is highly desirable, such as traffic lights. Machine vision systems
require a focused, bright and homogeneous light source – LEDs are a great match.
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How good is our website for selection of products
Farnell/Newark/element14 extensive offering of solid-state lighting components can support the most
demanding design requirements. Find lighting (visible/non visible) products from world leaders like
Avago, Bridgelux, Cree, CML, Dialight, Lumex, Optek, Vishay and more. Products span all types of
LED’s, emitters/arrays, optics, drivers, thermal and mounting accessories, and tools under the
classification --- Optoelectronics and Display
http://www.newark.com/optoelectronics-displays
Selection of products on our webpage
Featured Products linked on the web page
Lighting Microsite for developments, solutions, Design resources are available
http://www.newark.com/jsp/bespoke/bespoke7.jsp?bespokepage=common/en/technologyfirst/applications/lighting/home.jsp
Associates and Accessories linked for SKU’s
Alternative available for SKU’s
Products separated in different classification for easy selection
Attribute filter option available for SKU selection based on parametric search
Keyword search results can be viewed through search tab
Link to design guide on element14 KNODE
http://www.element14.com/community/static/knode/design_elements?ICID=knodenav_deselements
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How good is our website for selection of products
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Attribute selection view
http://www.newark.com/leds-standard-under-75ma
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THANK YOU
Your Feedback is most valuable
Please Send your feedback to [email protected]
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Interactive Video
Link: \\flcspnfp\canalrd\General Transfer\Lighting
presentation video
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Q&A
When were LED invented?
The first practical LED was invented in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr. while working for
General Electric Company.
What is Haitz law?
Haitz's law is an observation and forecast about the steady improvement, over many
years, of light-emitting diodes (LED)
The Law said the cost per lumen of LED lighting would fall to 10% of its original price
every 10 years. During the same period, the lumen power of LEDs would increase 20
times.
When were White LED’s first available?
White LED’s became a reality around 1995 invented by Japan’s Nichia Corporation.
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Q&A
Which of the following statement about LED is not correct?
a. An LED is a semiconductor device.
b. An LED is able to give off light when current passes through it.
c. An LED has no polarity.
d. The basic structure of an LED consists of die, encapsulation, and lead frame.
Correct answer is c.
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Q&A
Tri-colour LEDs
The most popular type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED combined in one
package with three leads. They are called tri-colour because mixed red and green
light appears to be yellow and this is produced when both the red and green LEDs
are on.
The diagram shows the construction of a tri-colour LED. Note the different lengths of
the three leads. The centre lead (k) is the common cathode for both LEDs, the outer
leads (a1 and a2) are the anodes to the LED’s allowing each one to be lit separately
or both together to give the third colour.
Bi-colour LEDs
A bi-colour LED has two LEDs wired in 'inverse parallel' (one forwards, one
backwards) combined in one package with two leads. Only one of the LEDs can be lit
at one time and they are less useful than the tri-colour LEDs described above.
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