Transcript American History

American History
Test 2 Review
Early Government
• Articles of Confederation – 1777
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Weak government
No executive
Congress elected annually
2/3 or unanimous vote
No National Military, taxes, commercial regulation
• Land Ordinance of 1785
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787
– Statehood
• Shay’s Rebellion
– Daniel Shay
– Fear
– Stronger federal gov’t
Constitution
• Constitutional convention
– Philadelphia
• Legislature
– Virginia Plan - Population
– New Jersey Plan - Equal votes
– The Great Compromise
• Three-fifths compromise
• Executive
– President
– Electoral College
• Judiciary
– Chief Justices – Life
• Federalist Papers
– Alexander Hamilton
– James Madison
– John Jay
• Federalists - Strong Central
Government
• Anti-Federalists - Strong
Local Governments
New Government & Washington
Presidency
• President & Cabinet
– President: George
Washington
– Secretary of State:
Thomas Jefferson
– Secretary of the
Treasury: Alexander
Hamilton
– Secretary of War: Henry
Knox
• The Bill of Rights
• John Jay – First Chief Justice
• Alexander Hamilton’s Plan
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Pay off all debts
Tariff
Whiskey Tax
National Bank (Bank of the
United States)
Washington Presidency & French
Revolution
• Constitutional
Interpretations
– Jefferson – Democratic
Republicans
• Strict Interpretation
• State’s Rights
– Hamilton - Federalists
• Loose Interpretation
• Elastic Clause – “Necessary
and Proper”
• Whiskey Rebellion
• France:
– Louis XVI
– Estates General
• Clergy
• Nobility
• Everyone else
• French Revolution
– National Assembly
• Third Estate
• Tennis Court Oath
– Storming of the Bastille
– Declaration of the Rights of
Man and Citizen
– Reign of Terror
• American Reactions
– Proclamation of Neutrality
1793
Treaties, Transitions, & the
Jeffersonian Republic
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Jay’s Treaty – England
Pinckney Treaty – Spain
John Adams
France
– XYZ Affair
– Napoleon Bonaparte
– Convention of 1800
• Federalist Laws
– Alien & Sedition Acts
• Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions
– Nullification
• Revolution of 1800
– Thomas Jefferson
• Marbury v. Madison
– Judicial Review
• War in Tripoli
– Navy & Marines
• Haitian Revolution
– Civil War / Slave Revolt
– Boukman Dutty
– Toussaint L’Ouverture
• Louisiana Purchase
• Lewis and Clark Exhibition
• Aaron Burr
– Conspiracies
– Duel
Napoleonic Wars
• Napoleon’s Campaign
– Battle of Trafalgar
• Lord Horatio Nelson
– Battle of Austerlitz
– Treaty of Tilsit
• Continental System
– Britain
• US Issues with Britain
– Impressment
– The “Chesapeake Affair”
• Trade
– Embargo Act – 1807
– Non-Intercourse Act –
1809
– Macon’s Bill No. 2
• James Madison
• Tecumseh & the Prophet
– William Henry Harrison
War of 1812
• War of 1812 (Part 1)
– Invasion of Canada
• Failure
– Battle of the Thames
• William Henry Harrison
• Napoleon
– Campaign in Russia
• Winter
– Battle of Nations
• Leipzig
• War of 1812 (Part 2)
– Burning of Washington
– Battle at Fort McHenry
• Francis Scott Key
– Star Spangled Banner
– Battle of New Orleans
• Andrew Jackson
• Treaty of Ghent
– John Q. Adams
– Henry Clay
• Napoleon’s End
– Battle of Waterloo
Era of Good Feelings & Latin American
Rebellions
• “The American System”
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Henry Clay
Banking system
Protective Tariff
Internal Improvements
(Transportation)
• Era of Good Feelings
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One political party
Nationalism
Sectionalism
James Monroe
• Creole Discontent
• Jose de San Martin
– Argentina, Peru
• Bernardo O’Higgins
– Chile
• Simon Bolivar
– Gran Columbia
• Mexico
– Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
– Jose Maria Morelos y
Pavon
– Augustin de Iturbide
Diplomacy, Expansion, Compromise
• Anglo-American
Convention
– Canadian Border
– Joint Occupation of Oregon
• Adams-Onís Treaty
– Andrew Jackson
– John Q. Adams
– Florida
• Panic of 1819
– Land speculation
• Missouri Compromise
– Missouri Slave
– Maine Free
– Line drawn at 36°30’
• McCulloch vs. Maryland
(1819)—The "Elastic
Clause Case."
• Monroe Doctrine
– Europe out of American
Affairs
• Russo-American Treaty of
1824
Jacksonian Democracy, Nullification, &
Native Americans
• “Corrupt Bargain”
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Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
William H. Crawford
John Quincy Adams
• National Republicans
• Democratic-Republicans
• Andrew Jackson
– “Old Hickory”
– Spoils System
• “Tariff of Abominations”
– Tariff of 1828
– John C. Calhoun
• Nullification Crisis
– South Carolina
– Compromise Tariff of 1833
– Force Bill
• Native Americans
– Indian Removal Act
– Five Civilized Tribes
– Trail of Tears
• Bank War
– Nicholas Biddle
– Webster & Clay
– “Biddle’s Panic”
Texas, Political Parties, & Panic of 1837
• Moses & Stephen Austin
• Deal with Mexico
– Catholic
– Mexican Citizens
– No Slaves
• Sam Houston
• Texan Independence
– Santa Anna
– The Alamo
– San Jacinto
• Democratic Republicans →
Democrats
– Martin Van Buren
• “The Little Magician”
– State’s Rights
• National Republicans →
Whigs
– Clay’s “American System”
– Federal Rights
• Panic of 1837
– Over-speculation (especially
land)
– Jackson’s bank policies
• “Specie circular”
– Crop failure
– Banks in Britain
• Election of 1840
– Campaigning - “Tippecanoe
and Tyler Too”
– William Henry Harrison
The Industrial Revolution
• Industrialization
– Great Britain
• Textile Industry
• Henry Cort
– “puddling”
– Rolling Mill
• Steam engine
– Thomas Newcomen
– James Watt
• Proletarianization
• Samuel Slater
– “Father of the Factory System"
• Eli Whitney
– Cotton Gin
– Interchangeable Parts
• Elias Howe and Isaac Singer
– Sewing Machine
• Samuel Morse
– Telegraph
– Morse Code
• Cyrus Field
– Transatlantic Cable –
1858/1866
• “Factory girls”
• Other jobs for Women
– Teaching - Catharine Beecher
Agriculture, Transportation, &
Socialism
• John Deere
– Steel Plow
• Cyrus McCormick
– Reaper
• Roads
– Lancaster Turnpike
– Cumberland Road - National
Road
• Steamboats
– Robert Fulton
• Erie Canal
– Dewitt Clinton
– Linked Rivers to Ocean
• The Railroad
– George Stephenson
– B&O
– Most influential
• Utopian Socialism
– Count Claude Henri de SaintSimon
– Robert Owen
• Marxism
– Karl Marx
– Friedrich Engels
– Communist Manifesto
Immigration
• Irish
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• Germans
Potato Famine
Boston & New York
“No Irish Need Apply”
“The Irish Vote”
• Year of Revolutions
– France
• Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III)
– First Modern Dictator
– Hapsburgs
• Vienna, Hungary, Bohemia, Italy
– Prussia/Germany
• The Frankfurt Parliament
– Results
• Serfdom
• Universal Male Suffrage for Europe
– “Forty-Eighters”
– Religious groups
– Jacob Amman
• The Amish
• “Nativists”
– Fear of Roman Catholics
– Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
• “Know-Nothing” Party
– Awful Disclosures
• Maria Monk
– Anti-Immigrant Violence
Religion, Culture, & Reform
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Deism
Unitarianism - No trinity
Adventist - William Miller
Mormonism
– Joseph Smith
– Brigham Young
• Second Great Awakening
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“Camp Meetings”
National Movement
Peter Cartwright
Charles Grandison Finney
Reform Movements
• Education
– Horace Mann - Father of
American Education
– Noah Webster
– William H. McGuffey
• University of North Carolina
• Mentally Ill - Dorothea Dix
• American Peace Society - William
Ladd
• American Temperance Society
• Seneca Falls Women’s Rights
Convention
– Declaration of Sentiments
– Demanded Female Suffrage