Transcript JUDAISM

JUDAISM
-- MAP OF ISRAEL --
How is Judaism related to
Christianity?
• Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of
Christianity, but is not a part of it
• Do not believe in “New Testament”
• Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the
Apostles
• Jews do not believe Jesus was anything more than a
good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago
– did not feel Jesus was the “Messiah”
• Jewish messiah would not be divine
– Jews felt he would be a political figure who restored the
power of Israel and brought peace to Earth
JUDAISM
FOUNDER – Abraham (1743 BC)
made “covenant” with God
-make Israel a great nation in exchange for
remaining faithful
viewed as “Chosen People”
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (Israel), Jacob’s 12 Sons
(Patriarchs of Judaism)
JUDAISM
NATURE OF GOD (YAHWEH)
Proof is not needed of God’s existence –
existence of universe is proof enough
is ONE, CREATOR, INCORPOREAL,
OMNIPRESENT, OMNIPOTENT, OMNISCIENT,
ETERNAL, JUST and MERCIFUL, PERFECT, FATHER
and KING
JUDAISM
”Ethical Monotheism”
-One God which emphasizes proper conduct
focuses on the importance of the actions of the
righteous
Jewish life is one of duty and deed; it is what you
do to improve the “here and now” that
matters
 “Correct Actions” for a Jew are spelled out in
the TORAH
JUDAISM
PURPOSE OF JEWISH LIFE
TIKUN OLAM: “Fixing the World” – process of fixing a broken world.
This is the ultimate purpose of every Jewish believer’s life. Through the
observance of the law, the Jew will contribute to the restoration of the nation
of Israel, preparing the way for the Messiah to come and take his place in
God’s kingdom on earth:
--Rabbi David Wolpe
OLAM HA - BA: “The World to Come” – Jews believe that there is
a world to come in which the Messiah will reign, a world in which the Jewish
temple will be rebuilt and the nation of Israel will be fully restored, instituting
a world order of justice and compassion. A “Messianic Age.”
JEWISH TEXTS
• TANAKH – Jewish Bible
• TORAH - written law
“to hit the mark”
PENTATUCH -- 1st
•
5 books
• TALMUD - oral law
>interpretation, explanation, application of
written Torah
• MITZVOH - 613 commandments (Mt. Sinai)
• HALAKAH – reference to ALL Jewish law
JEWISH HISTORY
at a glance
1600’s
1200’s
drought/famine forced to move to Egypt
>in time, became treated like slaves
MOSES led Hebrews out of Egypt
”Passover”
”Exodus” (Ramses II – Egyptian Pharaoh)
-parting of Red Sea
”Ten Commandments”
-Mt. Sinai
-renewed covenant with Yahweh
-ARK OF THE COVENANT
God gave the Ten Commandments
[kept in Ark of the Covenant] to Moses on
Mt. Sinai
1)No other gods before me
2)No worshipping of idols
3)Do not misuse the name of god
4)Do not work on sabbath
5)Honor your mother and father
6)You shall not murder
7)You shall not commit adultery
8)You shall not steal
9)You shall not give false testimony
10)You shall not covet
The Jews
made a
Covenant
with God
Ark of the Covenant
Jewish History
at a glance
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL
879 BC - SAUL – 1ST King
877 BC - DAVID – king
(killed Goliath)
836 BC - SOLOMON – king (wisest man)
height of Israel’s power
high taxes / forced labor
825 BC - built 1st TEMPLE – Yahweh found in
Temple
sacrifice
st
1
Temple
JUDAISM
KINGDOM OF
ISRAEL
After death of
Solomon – Israel
weakened,
divided, and was
conquered
North = Israel
South = Judah
“Diaspora”
722 BC
Assyrians destroyed Israel
586 BC
NEBUCHADNEZZAR (Babylonians) conquered
Judah and destroyed Temple
”Babylonian Captivity”
Is God Gone? Prophet EZEKIEL said God is
to be found everywhere (mobile)
Synagogues (House of Prayer)
a)copy of Torah
b)10 adult males
331 BC
Alexander the Great
tolerated religions
spreads “Hellenistic
Culture”
63 BC
Rome conquered Israel
Rome would allow Judaism:
1)Paid taxes to Rome
2)Caused no problems
JEWISH SECTS
PHARISEES
•Largest
•Opposed Greek influence
•Accepted Torah and Prophets
•Strict interpretation of Torah
SADDUCEES
•Wealthy and powerful
•Okay with Greek Influence
•Accepted Torah, but NOT Prophets
•Did not believe in Angels and Afterlife
•Enemies of Pharisees
ZEALOTS
•“Terrorists”
•Willing to fight against Roman control
Modern Judaism
Anti-Semitism
Adolf Hitler
superiority of German Aryan race
blamed Jews for Germany’s loss in WWI
”survival of strongest”
eliminate origins of God and morality
”Final Solution” = HOLOCAUST
6,000,000
1948 – creation of a new Israel
Zionism
JUDAISM
SYMBOLS
MENORAH
STAR OF DAVID
YARMULKE
•Symbol of Israel
•Mission to be the
“light unto the
nations”
•Newer symbol
•Top points to God
•Intertwining
makes triangles
inseparable
•Kippah (Hebrew)
•Reminder of God
being above them
• servants to God
JEWISH HOLY DAYS
SHABBAT
•to cease, to end,
or to rest
•Most important –
only observance in
10 Commandments
•Friday Sundown to
Saturday Sundown
YOM KIPPUR
•“Day of
atonement”
•the last appeal,
the last chance to
change the
judgment and
demonstrate
repentance
•God’s judgments
are entered then
sealed.
ROSH
HASHANA
•Jewish New Year
•time to begin
introspection,
looking back at
the mistakes of
the past year and
planning the
changes to make
in the new year
PASSOVER
•Remembrance of
God’s “passing”
over the homes of
the Jews and
delivering them
safely from Egypt
JEWISH LIFE
KOSHER
no mixing of dairy and meat; no pork
products; no shell fish
BAR / BAT MITZVAH
(“son / daughter of the commandment”)
>boys = 13 //// girls = 12
>obligated to observe the commandments (613)
>marks the right to take part in leading religious
services, to count in a minyan (minimum #
needed
to perform certain parts of religious
services)
>ceremonies are not required, but common
The Wailing Wall