Transcript Symbiosis: living together There are 5 types of symbiotic

Parasites
Laboratory Procedures
_____________: living together
There are _____types of symbiotic
relationships.
1) ___________________
This is a _________________
relationship where one being benefits
at the expense of the other
2) _________________:
The smaller member of the
relationship is
____________________________
about by the larger.
This moraxella bovis is
transported from cow to cow
on the sticky foot pads of the
face fly
3) _________________:
Both organisms _____________.
4) ______________________:
One being ________________and
the other neither __________nor is
_____________.
5) __________________:
An association exists between two
organisms of __________________
in which one member lives on or in
and at the expense of the other
member and may cause harm.
So What is a Parasite?
A smaller organism that lives
_____________ and
__________________________ of a larger
organism called the ____________.
Infection vs. Infestation:
 An ___________may be caused by a
parasite _____________ the body.
 An ____________________is
____________ the body or in the
_____________________.
Ectoparasite:
The parasite lives _________ the
body of the host
Endoparasite:
The parasite lives ___________ the
body of the host
How is the Host Affected?
 Host’s expense may be __________,
__________________, or even ______________.
 Host’s expense is dependant upon:
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
Classifications of Parasitism
 Infestation or infection with parasites
 Multiple parasitism: A condition in which
parasites_________________________________
________________________________________
 Superparasitism: _____________ parasitization
of the same species.
Parasitiasis
When a parasite is present and
potentially pathogenic but the
animal
______________________________
______________________________.
Parasitosis:
When a parasite is present on or
within the host and
________________________________
________________________________.
Erratic or Aberrant parasite:
When a parasite wanders from its
usual site of infection into an
_______________________________
_______________________________
____________________________.
__________________ Parasite:
When a parasite occurs in a host
that it normally does not live.
__________________ Parasite:
A “free living” (non parasitic in
nature) can become parasitic in
certain hosts.
Pelodera is a free
living nematode that
lives in superficial
layers of soil as a nonparasite, but, it can
penetrate the skin of
domestic animals
__________________ Parasite:
A parasite that must lead a parasitic
existence. These are not capable of
leading a free living existence
______________/____________Parasite:
A parasite that does not have to live on
or in a host but must make short
frequent visits to obtain nourishment.
_______________________:
Living creatures or objects that are
not parasites but may be mistaken
for parasites
Stenoxenous: a parasite with a
narrow ____________.
Euryxenous: a parasite with a
___________ host range.
Zoonosis: any disease or parasite that
may be transmitted
________________________________.
Each parasite has its own
_____________, this is the
development of the parasite through
its various _______________. Every
parasite has at least one
_________________host and may
have one or more
_________________________hosts.
__________________host:
The host that harbors the adult,
sexual or mature stages of the
parasite.
______________________ Host:
The host that harbors the larval,
juvenile, immature or asexual stages
of the parasite.
Life Cycles and Transmission of
Parasites
 Life cycle describes how an organism develops from
the __________________to the _____________.
 Some parasites produce ______________and others
produce _____________.
 Some one-celled parasites may even reproduce by
_________________ into two identical parts.
Direct Life Cycle
 The ______________________form of the
parasite can infect the _______________
it came from.
 Ex. _________________________
Indirect Life Cycle
 The ________________________form must pass
through a different type of host before it can re-enter
and infect the host it came from.
 _________________________: is the host in which
the immature form of the parasite lives
 _________________________: is the host in which
the adult form lives.
 Ex. __________________
Transport Hosts
 Some life cycles incorporate a transport host
 Is an intermediate host where
________________________________ occurs.
 Is a way for the parasite to get from one host to another.
 Ex: ___________________can transport
________________to dogs and cats.
Migration
 Many parasites have life cycles that
include a phase of migrating through the
body.
Ex. ___________________
Zoonoses
 Infections that can be passed from animals to humans
 Sometimes humans will have same symptoms of dog
and cat
 Ex. Roundworms, Hookworms, Toxoplasma
Prepatent Period
 The time interval between when the parasite
___________ the host and the subsequent form
of the parasite can be _____________ from the
host. (___________ to ___________).
 Ex: ____________________ is 6 months
 Ex. ____________________ is three months
Incubation Period
 Represents the time from when the
parasite ______________the host and the
___________________ of __________or
_________________ of disease.
 Usually ___________than prepatent
period.
Major Classes of Parasites
 Helminths
 ____________________
 ____________________
 ____________________
 Arthropods
 ____________________
 ____________________
 Protozoa
Helminths
 Generic word for “____________”
 Is actually the grouping together of
nematodes, tapeworms, and flukes
Nematodes
 In general are _________ in
cross section, ___________
than they are wide and are
____________________.
 Can be in a variety of
___________.
 Significant cause of
disease in dogs and cats.
 Have varied ____________.
Example of Nematode:
____________________
Tapeworms
 Flat worms that are ______________
 Head usually has suckers or muscular
grooves that enable it to attach itself
to the animal’s _________________
 Each segment has own
______________________________.
 Have no __________________system
 Life cycle includes an
__________________________ host
Flukes
 Flat, leaf shaped, ____________________ worms that
look similar to _________________.
 Have suckers, hooks, or clam-like appendages which
they attach themselves to host’s organs.
 Fluke eggs have a trap door called an
__________________________.
 Dog and cat flukes have ______________________ life
cycles
 Generally do not cause serious issues in dogs and cats
unless in high numbers
Fasciola hepatica
Arthropods
 Means
“____________________”
and refers to fact that all
members have
________________ legs.
 Include ____________
and _________________.
Insects
 Make up to _____% of all known species of animals of all
kinds
 Have antennae, compound eyes and body
 Many have wings
 ________ and ________.
Arachnids
 Include ___________ and ____________.
 Are _____________ by feeding on ___________and
________________.
Protozoa
 Over 450,000 species of
Protozoa
 Composed of
____________ and
cytoplasm
 May move with
assistance of
______________.
_________ is an example of
a protozoa.