Firefighter Survival

Welcome

State Fire/Rescue Training 2

INSTRUCTORS

Lt. Matthew Dhoore 10 yrs in the Fire Service Lieutenant Clay Fire Territory Trench Tech Collapse Tech EMT Intermediate Member Mabas Division 201 Tactical Rescue Rope/ High Angle Tech Fire Officer 1 Confined Space Ops Fire Officer 2 Hazmat Operations Fire Investigator Driver Operator Driver Operator Aerial Fire Inspector l/ll Associates Degree Ivy Tech Fire Firefighter l/ll South Bend Fire Science State Fire/Rescue Training 3

Firefighter Survival

This course is presented in two parts designed to help the fire service re-think its approach on lost or trapped firefighters.

Unit I – Classroom Unit II – Hands-on Skills

Lets Save Our Own!

Firefighter Survival

Course Requirements

This course requires students to perform a number of practical evolutions with Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. It is highly recommended to the “Authority Having Jurisdiction” that all participants in this class have a baseline physicals before committing to participate.

Firefighter Survival

Unit I Course Objectives:

 The firefighter will be able to describe common factors that may require self survival actions.

 The firefighter will be able to describe what actions he/she should take in the event of initiating a “MAYDAY”  The firefighter will be able to describe the basic rules for survival.

Firefighter Survival

Unit II Course Objectives:

 The firefighter will be able to describe and/or demonstrate techniques commonly used for self-survival on the fireground.

Firefighter Survival

Unit I Surviving a Bad Situation “The Need”

Firefighter Survival

Baltimore, Maryland

State Fire/Rescue Training 10

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Firefighter Survival

Libertyville, Illinois

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Connecticut

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Firefighter Survival

Summary of Incident

On March 1, 2002, a 21-year-old male volunteer fire fighter (the victim) died after becoming separated, disoriented, and lost as he, the Chief, and other firefighters were trying to escape from the interior of a fully involved house fire. Two fire fighters eventually pulled the victim out of the house into the front yard, but he was unresponsive and not breathing. The victim received cardiopulmonary resuscitation and was transported to the local hospital where he was pronounced dead on arrival.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

  

Ensure that Incident Command (IC) conducts a complete size-up of the incident before initiating fire fighting efforts, and continually evaluates the risk versus gain during operations at an incident. Departments should also ensure that the first officer or firefighter inside evaluates interior conditions and reports them immediately to Incident Command.

Ensure that adequate numbers of staff are available to operate safely and effectively.

Ensure that a Rapid Intervention Team is established and in position immediately upon arrival.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues



Use evacuation signals when command personnel decide that all firefighters should be evacuated from a burning building or other hazardous area.



Ensure that a separate Incident Safety Officer, independent from the Incident Commander, is appointed.



Ensure that team continuity is maintained.



Ensure that ventilation is closely coordinated with the fire attack.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues



Instruct and train firefighters on initiating emergency traffic (Mayday-Mayday) when they become lost, disoriented, or trapped.



Ensure that backup lines are equal to or larger than the initial attack lines.



Ensure that firefighters are equipped with a radio that does not bleed over, cause interference, or lose communication under field conditions.

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Building Diagram

Firefighter Survival

Three Pittsburgh Firefighters died on February 14, 1995, when they ran out of air and were unable to escape from the interior of a burning dwelling “8361 Bricelyn Street … The Last Alarm”

Firefighter Survival

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Incident Command The first arriving company did not establish command. The Acting Battalion Chief was coming from another call and had a delayed arrival. All first alarm companies had self committed before the Acting Battalion Chief assumed command of the incident.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Accountability Accountability procedures were not implemented. The Incident Commander did not know the locations and functions of companies operating inside the house. It was not realized that members were missing.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Crew Integrity All crews did not function as single tactical units. Some of the individual members from these companies performed unrelated tasks and were not under the supervision of their company officers. Most of the personnel were working in temporary assignments for that shift.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Emergency Survival Actions

The actions of the three victims when they realized they were in trouble are not known; however, they do not appear to have initiated emergency procedures that could have improved their chances of survival or made other firefighters aware of their need to be rescued.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Rapid Intervention Teams

Some fire departments have adopted procedures to assign a rapid intervention team at working fires. The objective of this team is to be ready to provide immediate assistance to Firefighters in trouble.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Communications

There was a lack of effective fireground communications at this incident. There was no exchange of information with the interior crews after they entered the dwelling. All of the first alarm companies were operating before the Acting Battalion Chief arrived and assumed command. The Incident Commander did not receive any progress reports from these companies .

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Portable Radios

Although two of the three firefighters who died had portable radios, they do not appear to have attempted to use them to summon assistance. (One of the radios was found to be inoperative after the incident.)

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

Interagency Coordination

The communications problems were complicated by the fact that EMS units on the scene of a fire report to their own supervisors and communicate on their own radio channels. The interaction and communications between fire and EMS units was inadequate.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

SCBA Maintenance

Examination of the SCBA units used by the three victims and one of the injured fire fighters indicate that improvements are needed in maintenance, inspection, and testing programs.

Firefighter Survival

Summary of Key Issues

PASS Devices

All three victims had PASS devices, however they were not turned on. It is likely that a functioning PASS device would have alerted other firefighters in the immediate area to the unconscious victims.

Firefighter Survival

On April 11, 1994, two Memphis firefighters were fatally injured while fighting an arson fire in an 11-story apartment building located at 750 Adams Avenue in Memphis, Tenn.. Both firefighters died of smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning, and asphyxia.

“750 Adams … The Last Alarm”

Firefighter Survival

Firefighter Survival

Reasons firefighters get into trouble

  

Prior to response

 Failure to prepare Training Equipment Not expecting the unexpected  Lack of physical fitness

Firefighter Survival

Reasons firefighters get into trouble

  

Lack of knowledge of response area.

Pre-fire planning Company inspection Changes in building/occupancy

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Fire Behavior

    

Dynamic Situation

Type of Construction Fuel Load Installed system Flashover Backdraft

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Firefighter Survival

Building Construction

  

New Construction

 Truss Construction!

Wood/Steel Bowstring Parallel Cord  LWIB (laminated wood I beams)

Firefighter Survival

Building Construction

Firefighter Survival

Building Construction

Firefighter Survival

Building Construction

  

Windows

Location Size Special Hazards

Firefighter Survival

Building Construction

Pre-planning

 Typical Buildings in your area  Similar layouts in buildings  Typical Occupancies  Residential vs. Commercial

Restaurant Fire Claims the Life of Two Career Fire Fighters - Texas

Firefighter Survival

Size-up

Responsibilities

  Officer Firefighter  Team/Crew What do I do?

What do I have to do?

What tools/resources do I have?

Firefighter Survival

Size-up

    

Based on view of the building a general idea of building layout may be ascertained

Height / number of stories Basement / Crawl Space Window / door layout Outside bars / gates Terrain Example: 1 story front, 3 stories in rear

Firefighter Survival

Expect the unexpected

     

No fire is routine, always wear PPE including SCBA

Attitude Read the fire and smoke Read the occupancy Building modifications Structural stability Fire load

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Training

Remember the basics

  SCBA confidence Standard Operating Procedures/Guidelines   Self-confidence Poorly trained fire companies are dangerous

SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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SCBA Confidence

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Fireground Control

       

Firefighters as well as officers must understand what items are under their control on the fire scene.

Anticipate fire dynamics Identified command Span of control Note reassignments Control free lancing Maintain teams No unauthorized operations Mutual aid reports to staging

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Incident Command is a must for scene safety! Maintaining a strong command presence throughout the incident!

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Communications and PPE

 

Communications

Portable radios are essential equipment for interior operations  Interior crews must be able to communicate.

Remote mics for radios & regular battery maintenance

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Communications and PPE



Protective equipment, including PASS devices and SCBA

Firefighters must understand the limitations of PPE  PPE is your last line of defense

Firefighter Survival

Communications and PPE

  

PPE

Wet, dirty personal protective equipment reacts differently.

2nd degree burns start at 124 degrees F.

Flashover occurs 600-1800 degrees F.

Firefighter Survival

Communications and PPE

 PASS devices MUST be ON to operate!!

 Firefighter physical condition has a major impact!

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Accountability Responsibility Issuing tags is not accountability

 A system in place that works (must answer who is on scene, where they are, and what their assignment is)  Designated Control entry/ point person.

 What about mutual aid depts.?

Firefighter Survival

Accountability Responsibility

Team integrity/progress

 You and your partner must stick together.

 Attack teams must report progress/location

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Tactics

Basics

 Locate, confine and extinguish

Ventilation

   Lack of Ventilation Untimely Ventilation Improper Ventilation

Vent fan pushes

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Tactics

Back-up lines

 If one is operating, a second line must be employed.

 The back up line should be at least as large as the attack line.

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“MAYDAY” Procedures



Must have a written SOP

“Mayday” is for life threatening situations.

 All firefighters

must

know procedures  How & Why

Firefighter Survival

“MAYDAY” Procedures

One procedure for all types of incidents.

  Do not make it more complicated than it needs to be.

“Firefighter down” means that a firefighter is down.

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“MAYDAY” Procedures

 

Declaring an emergency

 Who?

Where?

What the problem is?

Example:

FF: “MAYDAY…MAYDAY…MAYDAY…” IC: “Unit go ahead with your MAYDAY” FF: “This is FF Edwards, I’m on the second floor, side 3, lost, running out of air” IC: “I understand FF Edwards, on the second floor, side 3, lost, running out of air, help is on the way”

Firefighter Survival

“MAYDAY” Procedures

  

LUNAR

 Last known location Unit assigned Name of firefighter(s) Assignment on fireground  Radio equipped

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“MAYDAY” Procedures

    

Different from evacuation of untenable condition

Air horns/sirens do not constitute a “MAYDAY” signal.

Must be verbal to Command Radio Face to Face P ersonnel A ccountability R eport Check list / Tactical worksheet “MAYDAY’ vs. “URGENT”

Firefighter Survival

Evacuation Procedures

 

Evacuation

Air horns/sirens, long blast Radio broadcast

Evacuate,Evacuate,Evacuate

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“MAYDAY” Situations

     

Parameters for declaring a “MAYDAY”

Trapped Entanglement Cut off by fire Cut off by collapse Through the floor/roof Pinned

Firefighter Survival

“MAYDAY” Situations

   

Parameters for declaring a “MAYDAY” (cont.)

SCBA failure FF down Lost/Disoriented Missing firefighter

Firefighter Survival

Self-Rescue

  Know your location Stay Together, you and your crew   Remain calm Never discard protective equipment  Do not toss your helmet or other equipment out a window

Firefighter Survival

Self-Rescue

  Keep SCBA face piece in place When low air alarm sounds you still have time left Control your breathing Practice breathing an SCBA bottle down from low air warning alarm time to empty.

Once you realize you need assistance Radio for help Manually activate PASS Get Out

Firefighter Survival

“MAYDAY” Situations, IC Prepared

  

Situation out of control

 Rapid changing fire conditions Building construction Tunnel vision Mode of attack/know when to change

Firefighter Survival

“MAYDAY” Situations, IC Prepared

     Command and Control Discipline - listening P ersonnel A ccountability R eport (PAR) Collapse, evacuate, building, sudden fire extension, PASS alarm activation, member missing.

Use common terminology

Firefighter Survival

Unit II Self - Rescue Techniques

Firefighter Survival

Basic Rules for Survival

        React quickly Move quickly Move decisively Save your life Stay with your partner/crew Stay low Stay oriented Stay calm

Firefighter Survival

Basic Rules for Survival

    

SCBA Emergency Procedures

Maintain mask integrity Partner Low profile/full escape Entanglements Conserve air/extend duration

Firefighter Survival

Basic Rules for Survival

   Emergency SCBA procedures     Follow hose lines to safety Rapid location of windows or doors Window removal for escape Rapid forcible exit of locked, blocked or damaged doors Breaching walls Escape via windows

Firefighter Survival

Practical Application of Tactics

The tactics and procedures taught in the “Firefighter Survival” program are to be used as a

last resort

! We are not teaching routine tactics for routine fires but rather some unique actions that a firefighter can take instead of perishing in a hostile atmosphere or jumping un-aided from windows. Although the tactics seem unorthodox they have been used with success in the past. If you practice or use these tactics as part of routine training the following precautions must be observed:

Firefighter Survival

Practical Application of Tactics



No live fire will be used with any of the evolutions.



Second floor evolutions must use a safety line.



The area below all windows must be free of any objects that could cause injury.

Firefighter Survival

Emergency SCBA Procedures Objective:

The firefighter with a SCBA, will demonstrate reduce profile, full-escape, skip breathing, air conservation, and entanglement procedures.

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Locating and Following Hoselines Objective:

The firefighter with obscured vision will demonstrate locating a hose line and following the hose line to exit a residential/commercial building in 60 seconds or less. Time frame should be appropriate for the type of occupancy.

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Rapid Location of Doors and Windows Objective:

seconds.

The firefighter in a simulated residential/commercial setting will locate a door or a window and exit the room in 60

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Rapid Clearing of Window Opening Objective:

Given the proper hand tool, the firefighter, equipped with full protective equipment will demonstrate the proper technique for clearing a window as an emergency exit in a residential/commercial building in 30 seconds or less.

Firefighter Survival

Rapid Forcible Exit of Interior Doors Objective:

Given hand tools, the firefighter will demonstrate forcing a jammed or locked door.

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Breaching Walls Objective:

Given a flat head axe/halligan tool, the firefighter will quickly locate an appropriate wall and breach a hole large enough to pass through and exit the hostile environment.

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First Floor Escape Objective:

The firefighter using standard fire department hand tools will locate, clear a window opening and exit the area by vaulting over the sill through the window.

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Head First Ladder Exit Objective:

The firefighter exits a window onto a portable ladder, head first down the ladder to escape a hostile environment.

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Second Floor Escape Objective:

The firefighter will demonstrate exiting a second floor window, by hanging at arms length from the window sill, and dropping to the ground, where he/she falls and rolls away from the building.

* NOT

to be performed, discussion

ONLY

.

Firefighter Survival

Rope Escape Via Window Objective:

The firefighter using suitable self-rescue/escape rope and a standard fire department hand tool for an anchor point will exit via window and slide the rope to the ground or another safe area below. A charged on uncharged hoseline may be used.

* This drill does not have to be performed by the students if time is an issue. It does need to be demonstrated to the students by an instructor. If the instructor has time he/she can have the student(s) perform the drill but the student(s) need to rig their own rope and anchor.

Firefighter Survival

Appendix A

 You will now be led by your instructor(s) through Job Sheets 1 - 10.  Keep in mind that these tactics are for EMERGENCY ESCAPE ONLY and to be used as a last resort.  They are to be practiced ONLY with properly trained personnel and proper equipment.

Appendix A Job Sheet # 1.1 Emergency SCBA Procedures – Reduced Profile Introduction: A reduced profile technique allows the SCBA to slide and move on your back while working through a small opening. Job Steps

1. Firefighter must protect the regulator hose and the integrity of the regulator and facepiece. 2. Firefighter loosens the waist strap to allow unit to move freely on the back of the user (only disconnect the waist strap if unable to loosen enough to allow movement). 3. Firefighter loosens the shoulder strap opposite the regulator hose and remove it from the arm. 4. Firefighter reaches around with free arm, grasps the SCBA cylinder, and rotates the entire unit around to the side of the users body underneath the armpit on the regulator side. 8. Steps #2-4 shall be completed in 60 seconds. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Appendix A Job Sheet # 1.2 Emergency SCBA Procedures – Full Escape Introduction: A full escape technique allows the SCBA to be completely removed to allow the wearer to navigate through a small opening. Job Steps

1. Firefighter must protect the regulator hose and the integrity of the regulator and facepiece. 2. Firefighter loosens and disconnects the waist strap. 3. Firefighter loosens both shoulder straps. 4. Firefighter removes the right side shoulder strap first, then left shoulder strap. 5. Maintains a firm grasp with the left hand on the left shoulder strap and the regulator hose throughout the maneuver. NEVER releases the left hand grip while re-donning SCBA. 6. Re-dons SCBA, left shoulder strap first, then right. 7. Refastens waist strap, secures all straps. 8. Steps #2-5 shall be completed in 60 seconds. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Appendix A Job Sheet # 1.3 Emergency SCBA Procedures – Entanglements Introduction: Using the “Swim” techniques may allow the user to eliminate or avoid the entanglement hazard. Job Steps

1. Firefighter realizes they are entangled, stop, does not force their way through. 2. Firefighter lowers body position and extends arm out. 3. Sweeps with arm, performing a simulated swim stroke. 4. If nothing found, repeats step #3 with other arm. 5. If sweep with both arms result in not finding the entanglement, firefighter turns to right or left 45 degrees and repeats steps #2-#4. 6. Once entanglement is found maneuvers over hazard. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Appendix A Job Sheet # 1.4 Emergency SCBA Procedures – Air Emergencies Introduction: The following techniques may give the user additional time to rescue themselves or be rescued. Job Steps Method #1 Air Conservation

1. Firefighter recognizes that they are running low on air and must conserve air supply. 2. Firefighter slows breathing down and assumes a defensive posture. 3. Removes SCBA and places unit in front of their body. 4. Takes breath and simultaneously turns off cylinder valve bleeding air from system while holding breath. 5. Holds breath as long as possible, then when needing next breath, exhales, turns cylinder valve on, inhales and repeats step #4. 6. Continues process until out of air or rescued.

Method #2 Skip Breathing

1. Remains calm and considers action. 2. Inhales as during normal breathing. 3. Holds the breath for as long as it would take to exhale. 4. Inhales again. 5. Exhales slowly. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

6. 7. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Job Sheet # 2 Locating and Following Hoselines Introduction:

The firefighter, placed in the middle of a room with an obscured face piece simulating disorientation, will search for hoseline. After locating the hose, the firefighter will locate a coupling, determine the correct direction of travel, and exit the room.

Job Steps

1. Firefighter will search the room until locating the hose. (Firefighter will be told by instructor…you are now in a “MAYDAY” situation) Radio for help, Who, Where, What is the problem _____ _____ Manually activate PASS device. Firefighter will follow hoseline and locate coupling. Using his/her hands, firefighter will examine coupling to determine female and male coupling and verbally identify each. (Female coupling bowl usually does not have lugs while male coupling has lugs.) _____ _____ _____ Firefighter will move from the female coupling to the male coupling and follow the hose out of the room. Steps #2-4 shall be completed in 60 seconds or less. _____ _____

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Job Sheet #3 Rapid Location of Doors/Windows Introduction:

With an obscured face piece, the firefighter, in a simulated residential/commercial setting will conduct a rapid perimeter search of a room locating doors or windows and determine which ones may be used as an emergency exit within 60 seconds.

Job Steps

The firefighter enters a room, orientates himself/herself and begins a routine search. Once the evaluator advises the firefighter to locate escape routes, _____ the firefighter begins a rapid perimeter search of the room, using a high sweeping motion of walls until an alternate exit is located. Firefighter shall verbalize the discovery of the emergency escape route. If unable to exit at the first emergency escape route, the firefighter will continue in an attempt to locate a second route or original entry point. Firefighter shall maintain orientation and stay low at all times. Steps #2-3 shall be completed in 60 seconds. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Introduction: Job Sheet #4 Rapid Clearing of Window Opening

Given a hand tool, the firefighter, equipped with full protective equipment and SCBA, shall demonstrate or verbalize the proper technique for clearing a window as an emergency exit. The evolution shall be completed within 30 seconds. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Job Steps

1. 2. Firefighter locates a window for exit. While staying as low as possible, firefighter strikes the window glass, with the tool (actual or simulated) as high as possible in the middle of the window. Striking action shall continue to the bottom corner of window. Using a sweeping motion, all remaining glass is cleared. Any additional gates or bars are removed (actual or simulated) by _____ attacking the mounting points with the tool. (Striking motion may pull the lag screws from wall.) Steps #2-4 will be completed in 30 seconds or less. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #5 Rapid Forcible Exit of Interior Doors Introduction:

Given proper hand tools, the firefighter will demonstrate forcing or breaking a jammed or locked interior door.

Job Steps

1. 2. 3. Firefighter locates door and attempts to open normally Firefighter sizes up the door construction and locking mechanism. . Firefighter actually performs or verbalizes/simulates all of the following: __ Drive point of halligan tool into jam and push down on the handle __ Remove/destroy door stop with adz end of halligan __ Punch a hole through the door __ Remove the hinge __ Use body or SCBA to force – No tool __ Use legs to kick out door – No tool _____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #6 Breaching Walls Introduction:

Given a flathead ax and halligan tool, the firefighter in full personal protective equipment and SCBA with face piece obscured will identify proper wall to breach, and breach a hole large enough to pass through.

Job Steps

1. 2. 3. 4. Firefighter locates wall in which opening will be made. Use ax and/or halligan to begin opening hole. If no tool is available feet can be used. Using the tools in a push and pull action, clears an opening between studs. Exits room though breach in wall.

Note:

If a firefighter must use low profile or full escape to complete step #4, then those evolutions are evaluated. _____ _____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #7 First Floor Escape Introduction:

The firefighter will rapidly locate and exit an open first floor window by rolling over the window sill. 2. 3. 4.

Job Steps

1. Firefighter rapidly locates a window for escape and clears window.

Note:

Step #1 has been evaluated on other Job Sheets and will not need to be repeated. The firefighter will locate and grasp window sill, staying as low as possible. While holding window sill, the firefighter will go head first and roll out of the window, staying low in the window and allowing their feet to come in contact with the ground first. The firefighter shall satisfactorily perform steps #2-3 at least once with PPE and at least once with full PPE and SCBA.

_____ _____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #8 Head First Ladder Exit Introduction:

The Firefighter will exit a window onto a portable ladder, head first down the ladder to rapidly escape room.

Job Steps

1. 2. 3. 4. Firefighter locates open window where ladder is positioned.

Note:

It is not necessary for firefighter to clear window as this skill is evaluated elsewhere. onto ladder. _____ Firefighter, remaining as low as possible, exits window head first _____ Firefighter pulls himself/herself onto the ladder rapidly, one rung _____ at a time. Once feet hit top rung or sill, firefighter stops descent. _____

Job Sheet #8 Head First Ladder Exit Introduction:

The Firefighter will exit a window onto a portable ladder, head first down the ladder to rapidly escape room. 6. 7.

Job Steps Continued

5. Firefighter reaches down and grasps ladder beam, with right hand/arm, grabs lowest rung possible with left hand, slides to right side, using left arm as a pivot point, rotates body across the ladder beam to a standing position. Firefighter continues descent in a normal fashion. Firefighter shall satisfactorily perform steps #2-6 at least once with full PPE and at least once with full PPE and SCBA.

_____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #8 Head First Ladder Exit (Hook two, grab four) Introduction:

The Firefighter will exit a window onto a portable ladder, head first down the ladder to rapidly escape room.

Job Steps

6. 7. 2. 3. 4. Method #2 (Hook two grab four) -The firefighter, with no other way out of a room, exits the room through a window to which a fire department ladder has been properly positioned. The firefighter must quickly find the window and ladder, rapidly crawl over the window sill and hooks arm (either right or left) on the second rung from sill, reaches down to the fourth rung with opposite arm, uses that arm to pivot to a standing position 1. Firefighter locates open window where ladder is positioned. _____

Note:

It is not necessary for firefighter to clear window as this skill is evaluated elsewhere. Firefighter, remaining as low as possible, exits window head first onto ladder. Firefighter pulls himself/herself onto the ladder rapidly Hooks arm (either right or left) on the second rung from sill. Hooks rung with bend in arm. _____ _____ _____ 5. Reaches down to the fourth rung with opposite arm, uses that arm to pivot to a standing position _____ Firefighter continues descent in a normal fashion. Firefighter shall satisfactorily perform steps #2-6 at least once with full PPE and at least once with full PPE and SCBA. _____ _____

Job Sheet #9 Second Floor Escape Introduction:

The firefighter will exit a second floor window by hanging at arms length from window sill, dropping to the ground and rolling away from the building. CAUTION: DO NOT perform, for discussion ONLY!

2. 3. 4.

Job Steps

1.

Firefighter locates open window and attempts to attract attention/help. Firefighter positions himself in window, maintaining as low a profile as possible. Firefighter grasps window sill and rotates body outside the opening while hanging onto the sill. Firefighter hangs from sill with full body extension. _____ _____ _____ _____

Introduction: Job Sheet #9 Second Floor Escape

The firefighter will exit a second floor window by hanging at arms length from window sill, dropping to the ground and rolling away from the building.

Job Steps Continued

5. 6. 7. While hanging, firefighter quickly surveys the ground beneath, releases grip and falls to ground. When hitting ground, firefighter drops and rolls to absorb impact. Firefighter shall satisfactorily perform steps #2-6 once with PPE only (No SCBA).

_____ _____ _____

1. 2. 3. 4.

Job Sheet #10 Rope Escape via Windows Introduction:

The firefighter shall use a suitable self rescue/escape rope and a standard hand tool or other suitable anchor to exit a window and slide the rope to the ground or other safe area below.

Note:

In absence of rope, a charged or uncharged hoseline may be used for a rapid descent.

Job Steps

Firefighter operating on an upper floor locates open window.

Note:

Window clearing will not be evaluated at this point as it is evaluated in another job sheet. Suitable anchor point is located Rope is attached to anchor point with an approved knot or carabiner. Firefighter positions himself/herself in the window, staying as low as possible, and feeds the rope through the decent control device or around the back below the SCBA.

_____ _____ _____ _____

Job Sheet #10 Rope Escape via Windows Introduction:

The firefighter shall use a suitable self rescue/escape rope and a standard hand tool or other suitable anchor to exit a window and slide the rope to the ground or other safe area below.

Job Steps Continued

5. 6. 7. 8. Rope is grasped with both hands as firefighter leans out the window until the weight of the firefighter takes up the slack on the anchor point. Firefighter swings other leg out the window and will drop and hang in position just outside window. _____ Firefighter slowly releases grip and slides slowly to the ground. Firefighter shall satisfactorily perform steps #2-7 at least once with PPE only and at least once with PPE and SCBA.

_____ _____ _____ *In absence of rope, charged/uncharged hoseline may be used for descent.

Firefighter Survival

Other Resources

       firehouse.com

fe.pennnet.com

rapidintervention.com

firefighterclosecalls.com

firenuggets.com

phoenix.gov/FIRE/ cdc.gov/niosh/firehome.

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Firefighter Survival

The following individuals and agencies are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance in developing this extremely important program:

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New York Office of Fire Prevention & Control Course Development Committee

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Illinois Fire Service Institute

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Phoenix Fire Department

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Kentucky State Fire Commission

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Indiana Firefighter Training System