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資料搜尋與研究發表 何明洲 一般步驟 • 資料庫校內校外 搜尋步驟 • 搜尋某種不熟悉的主題 – 中英文資料庫 (PsycInfo, 中華民國期刊論文索 引 全國博碩士論文系統)校內電子期刊校 外館際合作 • 已有某篇論文，想知道有哪些論文有引用 – 資料庫 (Scopus引用文獻摘要資料庫) 校內 電子期刊校外館際合作 • 已有某篇論文，想找此篇論文參考文獻中 的文章 – 校內電子期刊校外館際合作 搜尋步驟 • 找尋作者的個人網頁，可能會有檔案下載 一般步驟 • 資料庫校內校外 資料庫 LIRARY RESEARCH 中華民國期刊論文索引 無摘要… LIRARY RESEARCH 全國博碩士論文系統 Good for 文獻回顧 但正式論文中不要引用碩博士論文 LIRARY RESEARCH 電子資源整合查詢系統Metalib 綜合各領域中英文資料庫 LIRARY RESEARCH Scopus資料庫 SCOPUS是目前最大的索引摘要暨引用文獻資料庫，它 整合了研究文獻、專利資料及優質的網路文獻資源。 SCOPUS的設計是要幫助科學研究人員找尋所需的資訊。 SCOPUS有著快速、簡易與詳盡的資料，為蒐集文獻過 程提供最優質的服務。 一般步驟 • 資料庫校內校外 校內 查詢校內是否有你所需要的期刊 （紙本或者電子檔） LIRARY RESEARCH 館藏目錄查詢系統Webpac 查詢校內是否有你所需要的期刊 （紙本） LIRARY RESEARCH 電子期刊查詢 (SFX) 查詢校內是否有你所需要的期刊（電子 檔） 中山醫擁有大量的電子期刊 格式為 pdf 一般步驟 • 資料庫校內校外 LIRARY RESEARCH 全國文獻傳遞服務系統 http://ndds.stpi.org.tw/ 需申請帳號密碼 快速送達文獻 付費 建立我的最愛 • 各類國內外研討會（OPAM, psychonomic society, ECVP, VSS, 台灣心理學年會） • 研究者或實驗室個人網站 • 各類相關期刊 – http://www.sciencedirect.com/ 可以訂非常多領 域的最新期刊論文，但可能無法看到全文 – http://visionscience.com/mailman/listinfo/visio nlist 視覺領域研究者交流平台 搜尋papers秘訣 • 用不同的關鍵字（動詞、名詞、三態） – smoke, smoking, cigarette, nicotine • • • • 從已知的papers中的references下手 從特定作者下手（領域大頭） 相關研討會的海報和演講 網路訂閱最新期刊 http://www.sciencedirect.com/ • 不要想要一次蒐羅完整，要求精 整理實驗，準備發表 • 研討會摘要 • 海報 • 論文 事實是沉默的，人們需要寫或講出來的敘述 才能理解數據 Roald Hoffmann 1981諾貝爾化學獎 研討會摘要 • Abstract – A summary of the research report – 120 words or less （研討會和期刊會規定） – Includes the hypothesis, procedure, and the broad pattern of results Effects of bottom-up input and top-down expectation on object-based attention Ming-Chou Ho1 and Su-Ling Yeh2 1Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 2Department 標題 作者 機構 Bottom-up input and top-down expectation of objects are usually intertwined to contribute to the occurrence of object-based attention. The current study demonstrates the dissociation of influences of 簡單回顧 bottom-up object input and top-down expectation on the same-object effect by using the double outlined rectangles of Egly, Driver, and Rafal (1994). One of the two rectangles was first cued, and the participants were asked to detect a target shown on the target frame. The same-object effect refers to the result of faster 程序 responses when the cue and target appears on the same object than on different objects. We manipulated the presence probability of (1) rectangles and an empty space, or (2) rectangles and a new object in the final target frame. The new object is an outlined boomerang whose orientation varies with the cue location in a way to either reduce or enhance same-object effects when the double rectangles are in the target frame. When the double rectangles are absent in the target frame, no same-object effects are observed, regardless of the probability of rectangles presence. The dependence of same-object effects on the presence of the 結果 attended object indicates the effect of bottom-up object input. However, the ever occurrence of the boomerang, even with a probability of appearance as low as 20%, influences the same-object effects when in fact it is the rectangles that appear in the target frame. That is, the expectation of the presence of the boomerang has influence on the same-object effects while the rectangles are present. Although bottom-up 簡單解釋 input usually interacts with top-down expectation, their dissociation revealed in this study sheds light on their respective roles in object-based attention. [Supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, NSC95-2752-H-002-007-PAE and 95-2413-H-002-020] 經費單位 Can attention shift between objects in a discrete mode? 標題 Shuo-Heng Li, Ming-Chou Ho, Chen-Chia Hsu, Chung-Yang Kuo, NienYing Yang, Hsiao-Heng Chen 作者 Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 機構 As early debate regarding the mode of attentional shift in space (i.e., analog vs. discrete), the mode of attentional shift between objects 簡單回顧 requires further investigation. We employed the same/different judgment task similar to Kwak, Dagenbach and Egeth (1991) to examine the mode debate. Participants judged two letters (TT, LL, or 程序 TL) that appear briefly on two of eight outlined squares with three different distances between these two squares. Result showed comparable judgment times across three distances (a discrete 結果 mode). Further, a horse racing model ensured a serial process in such task. This study has critical implications in object-based 簡單解釋 attention literature. [Supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan, NSC 96-2815-C-040-006-H] 經費單位 海報 • 格式詳見研討會網頁 • 研討會海報眾多，與會者停留在海報前的 時間極短可快速理解的海報為原則 • 字少圖多好理解 • 範例 (Ho_Yeh_VSS07_final.ppt) 論文 Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE • 手稿(manuscript)和已出版(published paper)的文章格式不同 手稿要遵守APA (American Psychological Association)格式 期刊均有“instruction to authors” 線上投稿 線上投稿 instruction to authors Sample of title page （必須遵守期刊規則） 將會印在期刊內頁上方 作者排序，貢獻度的排序 但規則依實驗室不同而不同 有的期刊會要求不得有作者名 、機關名 • 通訊作者，期刊主編會與此 人聯繫 • 貢獻程度與第一作者同 ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE • Introduction (literature + hypothesis) – Outlines the problems investigated – 由廣到窄 – Past research and theories relevant to the problems described – Formal hypotheses or specific expectations are introduced and connected to past research ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE • Method section • 讓其他研究者可以複製實驗！ – Subsections depend of complexity of the design • • • • Overview of design Characteristics of participants Procedure Equipment or testing materials ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE • Results section – Findings presented three ways: 1. Description in narrative form 2. Description in statistical language 3. Material in table or graphs（重要！） ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE • Discussion section – 需和introduction前後呼應，有一體感 – Review research from various perspectives (重要) – Present methodological weaknesses and/or strengths – Explain how the results compare with past results (重要) – Include suggestions for practical applications – Include suggestions for future research on the topic (重要) ANATOMY OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE References：不需要太多，精要即可 格式根據期刊不同而不同 依照字母順序排列 依照在文中的出現順序排列 How Do You Know If An Article Is “Peer-Reviewed?” • The journal has “instructions to authors” about the submission guidelines and peer-review process. • The article is written by the researchers that conducted the study. • In addition to the title and author information, the article includes abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion and reference sections. • Experts in the author’s field review the theoretical basis, methodology, statistical analyses and interpretation of findings. • The editor and/or reviewers decide whether or not to accept the article for publication. • The intended audience is scholars that have knowledge in or are interested in the field. • The article is not written for profit. 論文寫作經驗談 何明洲 2006.05.04 並參考葉素玲和李金玲 先想！不要一坐下就寫 • 先用腦袋構思內容，不要一開電腦就悶著 寫 • 在設計實驗時，就必須構思好大概的鋪陳 （如要問甚麼問題、怎麼解決問題、可能 的答案、相關文獻等） • 隨時隨地可想 制式固定的可以先寫 • 實驗設計（participants, apparatus, stimuli, procedure） • 以免日後忘記細節 • 增加成就感 說一個引人入勝的好故事！！！ 一些論文寫作的原則 I • 漏斗狀鋪成法：廣（文獻回顧）窄（研 究問題）廣（討論） • 鋪成需簡單明瞭 • 每段有「一個」中心主旨和主題句 • 段與段要有關連：transition • 前後呼應，一以貫之 一些論文寫作的原則 II • • • • 寫作中可以修改原先的寫作組織與方式 一次「稿定」？ MISSION IMPOSSIBLE! 冷靜！隔一段時間再看！旁觀者清！ Writing is an interaction process (author vs. reader, reviewer) • Practice leads to perfection! 數據分析 • 簡潔明瞭 • 一個好的圖表抵過千言萬語 • 重要的先說、次要的後說（或不說，等審 稿者問在說） THE END