Transcript Example: Master_Standard

Data Centers and Demand
Response
BPA Technology Innovation Project
October 12th, 2012
Diane Broad and Baxter Gillette
Agenda
• Welcome and Introductions
• Demand Response Definitions and Context
• Project Overview
• Statement from Bonneville Power Administration
• Role of Cost Share Partners
• Planned Tasks and Schedule
• Data Confidentiality of and Anticipated NDAs
• Letters of Intent
• Questions and Answers
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Welcome and Introductions
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Data Centers are Getting Attention
“The Cloud Factories: Power, Pollution and the Internet” –
New York Times, September 22, 2012
“Data Barns in a Farm Town, Gobbling Power and Flexing
Muscle” – New York Times, September 24, 2012
“Data Centers Proliferate in Oregon” – Oregonian,
September 9, 2012
“BPA orders NW Wind Farms to Curtail Production” –
Bloomberg Business Week, April 30, 2012
“Energy Efficiency” – lowering the energy requirement to perform a particular set of work
“Smart Grid” – an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to
gather and act on information
“DR” – Demand Response, or the ability to alter electrical loads in concert with a utility
“INC” – Increment Offer to sell energy to grid, corresponding to decreased load
“DEC” – Decrement Bid to purchase energy to grid, corresponding to increased load
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Project Overview
WIND GENERATION CAPACITY IN THE BPA BALANCING AUTHORITY AREA
Sequential Increases in Capacity, Based on Date When Actual Generation First Exceeded 50% of Nameplate
MW
4750
5/17/12
4711 MW
4500
3/11/12
4250
2/29/12
4000
11/20/11
3750
2/11/11
12/1/10
3500
11/29/10
3250
11/15/10
10/24/10
8/11/10
10/8/10
6/6/10
8/11/10
1/15/10
6/30/10
1/1/10
12/16/09
11/30/09
9/21/09
8/6/09
5/1/09
2/12/09
6/6/08
11/26/07
5/10/08
4/29/08
11/17/07
3000
2750
2500
2250
2000
3/22/09
1/27/09
1/1/09
12/7/08
1750
1500
1250
10/15/07
1000
10/5/07
750
10/4/06
8/10/06
500
11/25/05
WIND_InstalledCapacity_current.xls 5/18/2012
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7/1/2012
12/31/2011
7/2/2011
12/31/2010
7/2/2010
12/31/2009
7/1/2009
12/31/2008
7/1/2008
1/1/2008
7/2/2007
12/31/2006
7/2/2006
12/31/2005
7/2/2005
12/31/2004
7/1/2004
1/1/2004
7/2/2003
1/1/2003
7/2/2002
250
6/28/05
6/18/02
1/16/02
12/31/2001
12/31/2000
7/2/2000
1/1/2000
7/2/1999
1/1/1999
7/2/1998
1/1/1998
7/2/2001
12/18/01
10/25/98
0
Energy Supply = Energy Demand
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100
500
600
300
300
200
1000 =
1000
The Old Days – Serve Load
500
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700
300
300
200
1050 =
1050
The New Days – Integrate Renewables
500
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700
300
300
200
1000 =
1000
Renewables Exhaust Flexibility
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Demand Response – Seeking Flexibility
8
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0
500
700
300
300
200
1100 =
1100
DR in the “Smart” Electric Grid
Source: Charles River
Associates www.crai.com
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DR Functions and Speed of Response
Demand Response services overview
Source: Demand Response Research Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Why Data Centers?
• Large single point load
• Economy of scale
• Smart load
• More to enable
• Cheaper to enable
• Distributed load
• Potential to move load
• Major growth area
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Data Center DR Investigations
• Virtualization / De-virtualization
• Clock Speeds
• HVAC and Lighting
• Backup Gensets
• Retired Coldstarts
• Regional Balancing
• Inter-Regional Load Shifting
• Deactivation
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What is Demand Response Worth?
• Asset Fundamentals
• How much
• How fast
• How flexible
• Economies of Scale
• Market Factors
• Demand
• Alternate Supply
• INC/DEC Market
• Bilateral Agreements
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• Portfolio Management
• Public Relations Value
•
•
•
•
Enabling renewables
Saving fish and river
system
Helps public power
rates
Philanthropic work
performed with the
excess power
Statement from BPA
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What BPA has been doing in demand response (DR)
17
•
Finishing four years of field testing, pilots, modeling, and analysis
•
Most of the current BPA-sponsored DR pilots will be completed by the end of
2012
•
We’ve partnered with sixteen utilities:
•
We’ve tested many different technologies and DR uses
•
Together, BPA and our utility and consultant partners have spent ~$4.5 million
on DR research from FY 2009 through FY 2012
•
We have also been collaborating with other regional utilities to monitor what they
are doing
•
Nine utilities in the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project are
testing DR
•
Existing commercial scale DR programs (e.g., Idaho Power and PacifiCorp
each >300 MW)
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Current DR Pilots
Central Electric
0.1
1
Current DR Pilots
0.1
Clark Public Utilities
90
1
0.1
0.10.2
0.10.2
Mason County PUD #3
Orcas Power & Light
0.4
Water pumping
2
2
70
200
10
10
200
50
78
95
6
0.10.2
0.10.2
2
30
1
0.3
EWEB
500
4
0.1 0.2
0.3
20
1
Consumers Power
Emerald PUD
Water heater
controller
Thermal
storage
space heating
Thermal
storage water
hearting
30
4
2
3.05.0
Columbia REA
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2
0.2
0.1
Lower Valley
18
1
18.040.0
City of Port Angeles
United Electric Co-op
Refrigeration/
cold storage
1
90
1.8
Kootenai Electric
Process
adjustment
403
0.4
Cowlitz County PUD
In-home display
0.2
City of Forest Grove
City of Richland
HVAC
thermostat
Storage-battery
Technology/Planned Installs
Building
management
Industrial
Irrigation
Commercial
Sector/Expected MW
Residential
Utility
3
2
100
410
1.8
4
Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration
Project: significant focus on DR
What:
•
$178M, ($89M from
partners, $89M
DOE-funded)
•
5-year
demonstration
•
60,000 metered
customers in 5
states
Who:
• Led by Battelle Lab,
BPA, 11 utilities, 2
universities and 5
vendors
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Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration
Project:
9 of 11 participants involved in testing DR potential of different load
types
Participant
Battery Storage
Commercial
Electric Vehicle
Load Control
Energy
Reports
HVAC
In-Home
Displays
Programmable
Thermostat
Avista
Benton PUD
Flathead Electric
Idaho Falls
Lower Valley Energy
Milton-Freewater
NorthWestern
Peninsula Light
Portland General Electric
University of Washington
Objectives:
• Quantify costs and benefits
• Develop communications protocol
• Develop standards
• Facilitate integration of wind and other renewables
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Smart
Appliances
Water Heater
Controllers
Evaluating multiple technologies for both reducing
and increasing load
Testing many different technologies and DR uses, including:
21
•
Commercial and public building load control
•
Residential and commercial space heating energy storage
•
Water heating energy storage and load control
•
Industrial process load control and energy storage
•
Large farm water management system load control and storage
•
Small-scale battery energy storage
•
Load increase using aquifer recharge opportunities
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Demand response – potential to address regional
challenges
•
Transmission expansion challenges
•
Operational reserve and capacity constraints
•
•
Wind integration: DR may be a tool for future
balancing reserve needs
•
River management: BPA is approaching the
limits of balancing reserves but must ensure
sufficient margin to meet use requirements,
including managing over-generation events
•
Ease supply constraints and operational
demands during summer and winter peaks and
large unit outages
Utility economics
•
22
Rate design with demand charge creates incentives
for customer utilities to invest in DR
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Moving forward – next phase
•
Moving forward with a two-pronged approach:
•
Small-scale research and development projects as part of BPA’s Technology Innovation
program
•
•
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Evaluate DR potential of new technologies and loads of significant interest to the region
Eight new DR-related projects selected for FY2013 TI portfolio, focused on:
•
Data centers
•
Heat pump water heaters
•
Municipal wastewater treatment
•
Energy storage
•
Developing plan to identify potential larger-scale commercial demonstration projects designed
to prove the availability and reliability of DR to help address multiple regional needs
•
Work with utilities, DR aggregators, and other groups throughout the region to identify,
design, implement, and test new DR projects
•
Focus on areas with most likely near-term capacity need
•
Transmission congestion
•
Utility and wholesale system peaks
•
Balancing reserve constraints
•
Oversupply
•
Objectives:
•
Determine best commercial arrangements, acquisition method, and equitable cost
allocation
•
Evaluate dispatch by BPA and/or utilities
•
Achieve an operationally meaningful scale
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Learning objectives of the potential next phase of
DR projects
•
•
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Viability of DR products to address regional needs
•
Alignment of characteristics with needs (e.g., notification period, duration,
frequency, total annual hours)
•
Availability and reliability
•
Possible use for geographic-based distribution and/or transmission system
deferrals
Commercial/contractual arrangements
•
Contract type(s)
•
Contract elements – capacity, energy, performance requirements, etc.
•
Benefits, challenges, and feasibility of jointly dedicating the same load to separate uses
•
Technical and operational feasibility of dispatching different load types and sources
•
Costs and benefits of selected DR projects to BPA, Load Following customers,
Slice/Block customers, commercial aggregators, and potentially, variable energy
resource suppliers
•
Ability to automate DR dispatch by BPA and utilities
•
Utility interest in continued DR investments
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Questions and challenges of next phase of DR
projects
•
Regional engagement
•
•
Needs determination
•
•
The timing of regional needs is uncertain
•
Natural gas prices may remain low for many years, resulting in unexpectedly
low cost combustion turbine peak energy
•
Wind producers may not want to buy additional balancing reserves to augment
those provided by the FCRPS
•
An energy imbalance market might develop, reducing the need for and/or cost
of balancing reserves
•
Within-in hour scheduling may become the norm across the western energy
markets or in the PNW, reducing the need for balancing reserves
•
Overall load growth, including peak growth, is slower than previously projected
Cost allocation
•
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What is the best way to engage the region to assess interest, identify projects, and
determine funding/cost allocation?
How do we ensure costs are properly aligned with benefits?
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Building DR knowledge, experience and scale
Potential Next Steps
BPA DR
Portfolio
MW Scale
250+ MW
50-100 MW
<10 MW
<1 MW
Overview
Utilities /
Partners
Sectors /
Technology
Benefits /
Outcome
Emerging
Drivers
26
1984-2008
2008-2009
2010-2012
 Individual projects
designed to address
a specific research
or operational
objective
 Not continuous
 Two residential and one
commercial proof-of-concept
pilot project projects
 Developed marketing
materials and evaluation
approach
 Additional residential pilots
 Added commercial and
industrial pilots
 Largely focused on utility peak
 Introduced wind integration
and load increase testing




Larger scale (10s of MWs)
Dedicated joint use projects
Multiple acquisition methods
Initial cost allocation
methodology
 Joint separate BPA/utility
dispatch
 Continue to scale
larger based on
evolving business
needs
 Refined funding
and cost allocation
 Based on specific
need or utility interest
 Example: OPALCO
submarine cable
deferral in late ‘90s
 Seattle City Light and LBNL
 Kootenai Electric
 Central Electric
 12 additional utilities
 Joint project with TI (Ecofys)
 Many additional partners –
commercial, academic, etc.
 4-6 additional projects
 Blend of customer types
 Utility as aggregator and
commercial providers
 Portfolio of varied
DR tools
 Multiple utility and
commercial partners
 Manual event
dispatch/notification
 Focused on peak
load reduction
 Commercial building
management systems
 Residential water heater and
HVAC
 Curtailment only
 Added thermal storage, inhome displays, irrigation,
cold storage and industrial
processes
 Curtailment, load increase,
HLH to LLH load shift
 Portfolio of projects rather than
specific sectors or technologies
 Heavy focus on commercial and
industrial loads
 Testing routine dispatchability
 More sophisticated technologies
 Likely to span all
sectors
 Ongoing testing of
emerging
technologies
 Successful projects
ensured reliability
during deferral








 Joint but dedicated use
feasibility
 Delivery of MWs for BPA needs
 Significant regional DR learning
 Test commercial arrangements
 Program scaled to
address multiple
regional needs
 Ongoing evolution
Transmission /
distribution
deferral
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Technical feasibility
Programmatic lessons
Marketing refinement
Open Auto DR success
6th Power Plan
encourages
pilots
Technical feasibility and data
Programmatic lessons
Scalability assessment
Testing dispatch based on
wind and balancing needs
Oversupply
TRM price
signals –
utility peak
demand
2013-2015
Balancing
reserve
potential
2016 +
Possible
capacity
drivers
10 Minute Break
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Role of Cost Share Partners
• Your role is at the intersection of your interests and the project
needs
• Your commitment is based on how much you have to donate
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•
How much time and expertise you have to donate
•
How much of an opportunity this is for your organization going
forward
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Generic Benefits to Cost Share Partners
• Demonstrable, pro-bono
support of green – saving fish
and integrating renewables
• A hand in crafting findings
which shapes technology
trajectory and public policy
• Differentiator for your products
and services
• Networking opportunities that
leads to business
• Public recognition
If you are unclear how this
project may specifically
benefit you, contact Diane
or Baxter
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Tasks and Stage Gates
Task 1: Assess Existing and Planned Data Center Installations
Task 2: Determine DR Attributes of Northwest Data Centers
Task 3: Gap Analysis
Task 4: Identification of Technical Solutions, Vendors, Costs, etc.
Task 5: Analysis of Regional Data Center DR Economics
State Gate 1
Task 6: Technology Selections
Task 7: Technology Installations
Task 8: Coordinated Data Center DR Proof-of-Concept
Stage Gate 2
Task 9: Dispatch Optimization Support
Task 10: Data Center and Utility Satisfaction Survey
Task 11: Project Evaluation
Stage Gate 3
Task 12: Workshop on Data Centers as DR Resources
Task 13: Identification of Emerging Technologies
Task 14: Technology Transfer (Strategic Marketing Planning)
Project Completion
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Project Stage Gate 1
March 31, 2013
• BPA Stage Gate One Decision
•
Is Data Center DR technically possible?
•
Is the size of the Data Center DR resource worthwhile
developing?
•
Is Data Center DR economically worthwhile?
•
Is there a viable Data Center DR demonstration
opportunity?
• Supporting Tasks
•
Task 1: Assess Existing and Planned Data Center
Installations
•
Task 2: Determine DR Attributes of Northwest Data Centers
•
Task 3: Gap Analysis
•
Task 4: Identification of Technical Solutions, Vendors,
Costs, etc.
•
Task 5: Analysis of Regional Data Center DR Economics
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Project Stage Gate 2
August 30, 2013
• BPA Stage Gate Two Decision
•
Are the physical assets necessary in place for
demonstration?
•
Are the commercial arrangements in place for
demonstration?
•
Are the communication protocols in place for
demonstration?
•
Are the measurement / verification methodologies
implemented for demonstration?
• Supporting Tasks
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•
Task 6: Technology Selections
•
Task 7: Technology Installations
•
Task 8: Coordinated Data Center DR Proof-ofConcept
Generic Ways for Cost Share Partners to
Contribute in YEAR 1
• Introductions and/or recruitment of data centers and other cost share
entities and vendors
• Review and draft documents and deliverables
• Provide data and/or analysis
• Technical expertise consulting
• Deal structuring and rate design analysis
If you are unclear how you can generically or specifically contribute to
the project, please contact Diane or Baxter
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Specific Ways for Cost Share Partners to
Contribute in YEAR 1
UTILITIES
DATA CENTERS
Rate Impacts and Deal
Structuring
Economic
Considerations
DC Customer Engagement
Technical
Considerations
Public Policy Considerations
DESIGN
Data and Analysis
CONSTRUCTION
Constructability
Cost Estimation
Contacts with Vendors
Installations
Demonstration Sites
LEGAL
Design Implications
Technical Human
Resources
SUPPLIERS
Contract Drafting and
Review
Cost Estimation
“Bucketing” Data
Centers
“Bucketing” Data
Centers
Technology and Solutions
Legal Opinions
Public Policy
Externalities
Electrical and
Power Quality
Analysis
CONSULTING
Modeling
Risk Assessments
ACCOUNTING
IT and Communication Security
Performance standards
Performance audits
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Technical Gap Analysis Support
Cost Estimation
Fiber Transport Constraints,
Costs, and Pricing
DR / EE alignment
SERVICES
Translate strategy to
technical needs
Forecasting INC and
DEC capabilities
Transfer Pricing
Uptime Tiering
Implications
Survey Design and
Administration
Installations
Project Stage Gate 3
April 30, 2014
• BPA Stage Gate Three Decision
•
Were operational hurdles able to be overcome?
•
Did the resource deliver as anticipated?
•
What conclusions or additional questions arise from the
experience and data?
•
How satisfied were the data center and utility participants?
•
Was the demonstration considered a success?
•
Is it worthwhile refreshing data and completing Technology
Transfer?
• Supporting Tasks
•
Task 9: Dispatch Optimization Support
•
Task 10: Data Center and Utility Satisfaction Survey
•
Task 11: Project Evaluation
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Project Completion
September 30, 2014
• Final deliverables
•
Follow up on demonstration with regional workshop
•
Identify emerging technologies
•
Final report evaluating the demonstration and the
regional potential for DR in data centers
•
Technology transfer and strategic marketing plan
• Supporting Tasks
36
•
Task 12: Workshop on Data Centers as DR
Resources
•
Task 13: Identification of Emerging Technologies
•
Task 14: Technology Transfer (Strategic Marketing
Planning)
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Data Confidentiality and Anticipated NDAs
• NDA and Confidentiality of Data
37
•
Ecofys and BPA will sign a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) to
protect the confidentiality of data, tools, business processes used in
the project.
•
BPA Technology Innovation Program supports the project using
confidential data. It should be understood that progress reports,
deliverables and final project evaluations are intended to be publicly
available information.
•
Ecofys will be the single point of collection and data repository for all
confidential data from participating data centers and other project
participants.
•
Confidential data will be "scrubbed" by Ecofys before distribution to
BPA or project partners. Only scrubbed data, whether for individual
sites or on an aggregate basis, will be included in deliverables to the
Technology Innovation Program.
•
Ecofys will execute NDAs with the 3 project partners: Energy
Focused Resources, Excipio Consulting, and Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory.
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Intellectual Property Protections
• Intellectual Property
38
•
Entities entering into the project with rights to
Intellectual Property which may be used during the
project have a responsibility to make the Project
Manager and BPA aware of such IP.
•
IP that is used during the project but not altered is
fully the property of the IP owner.
•
If a project participant has IP that is brought into
the project and then further developed with the
use of Federal funds, BPA must be notified. In this
case, BPA has some limited IP rights.
•
There is no claim of ownership by BPA to new IP,
unless the contractor informs BPA that the
contractor desires BPA to take ownership.
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Letters of Intent
• The project requires anticipated matching contributions of 50%: we
are not there yet
• The first year budget is $416,000
• Signed LOIs = $286,325
•
8 contributors
•
~ 70% of goal
• Letters of Intent are flexible
• Signing a Letter of Intent is the determiner if you are part of the
project or not
• Hard cutoff for non-cash contributors at the sooner of October 19th or
cost share attained ($129,675 to go!)
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Questions and Answers
Let’s hear them.
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Thank you for your attention
Please do not hesitate to contact us:
Ecofys US, Inc.
200 SW 4th Street
Suite 101
Corvallis, OR 97333
(541) 766 8200
[email protected]
Energy Focused Resources
2215 NE 19th Avenue, Suite 300
(713) 417 1969
[email protected]
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Appendix 1: Tasks 1 & 2 Subtasks
Task 1: Assess Existing and Planned Data Center Installations
12/31/2013
•
1A - Identify Data Centers in the NW
•
1B - Establish Contacts and Relationships
•
1C - Gather Information for Bucketing Criteria (see 2C)
•
1D - Gather Information on Age and Size of Facilities
•
1E - Gather Information on Planned Data Centers
Task 2: Determine DR Attributes of Northwest Data Centers
12/15/2013
42
•
2A - Find and review existing knowledge on Data Center DR
•
2B - Identify key DC attributes or processes to achieve types of DR
•
2C - Create Data Center Buckets based on their DR Capability
•
2D - Profile DR capability of Existing and Planned Facilities (1D)
•
2E - Identify Open-ADR implementation opportunities
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Appendix 2: Task 3 & 4 Subtasks
Task 3: Gap Analysis 01/15/2012
•
3A - Communications and Protocol Gaps
•
3B - Hardware Gaps
•
3C - Software Gaps
•
3D - Speed to Comply with Signal Gaps
•
3E - Needs assessment to bridge gaps
Task 4: Identification of Technical Solutions,
Vendors, Costs, etc. 03/15/2012
43
•
4A - Vendor identification
•
4B - Cost per kW and schedule analysis for
different DR implementations
•
4C - Recruit Data Centers and Utilities
•
4D - Facilitate commercial negotiations
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Appendix 3: Task 5 Subtasks
Task 5: Analysis of Regional Data Center DR Economics
44
•
5A - Develop List and Contacts for Utilities
•
5B - Document current and projected DR acquisition and cost
allocation practices
•
5B - Develop Pricing Survey 5C - Mailing, Calls, Travel to
Participants to gather data
•
5D - Aggregate and redact indicative data
•
5E - Analysis of Regional Economics
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Appendix 4: During Stage Gate 1
CONTROL
SYSTEMS
POWER DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
TRANSFORMER
UPS
EMCS
LIGHTING
CHILLERS
PUMPS
PDU
FANS
COOLING/ LIGHTING SYSTEMS (Site Infrastructure)
SERVERS
STORAGE
NETWORK
IT EQUIPMENT (IT Infrastructure)
Support services:
Core service:
• DR opportunities in Cooling, Power Delivery,
and Lighting
• DR opportunities in Virtualization, Power
management
• Well studied but lesser potential
• Lesser studies but greater potential
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Appendix 5: Task 6, 7, & 8 Subtasks
Task 6: Technology Selections 05/31/2013
• 6A - Solicit and choose OpenADR server
• 6B - Solicit and choose vendor to enable pilot site(s)
• 6C - Recruit Data Centers for Pilot sites (determines what executing and
hardware)
• 6D - Facilitate commercial and communication protocols
• 6E - Solicit additional cost share and direct funding for Pilot project(s)
• 6F - Solicit and choose OpenADR server
Task 7: Technology Installations 08/15/2013
• 7A- Facilitate installation of control and communication equipment
• 7B - Installation Project Controls monitoring and reporting
• 7C - Contingency Planning / Remediation / Execution as needed
Task 8: Coordinated Data Center DR Proof-of-Concept 08/31/2013
• 8A - Coordinate proof of concept testing
• 8B - Measure and verify tests
• 8C - Document protocols, agreements, and commitments
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Appendix 6: Task 9 & 10 Subtasks
Task 9: Dispatch Optimization Support 02/28/2014
9A - Develop dispatch algorithms
9B - Model and test algorithms
9C - Assist utilities in implementing algorithms in dispatch software
9D - Refine communications protocols and practices
Task 10: Data Center and Utility Satisfaction Survey
04/30/2014
10A - Determine key factors to be measured
10B - Survey utilities, data center operators and BPA
10C - Analyze and report the results
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Appendix 7: Task 11 Subtasks
Task 11: Project Evaluation 05/01/2014
11A - Identify robust protocols for controlling data center loads
11B - Evaluate data center load response quality
11C - Determine key commercial and technical factors that affect DR quality
11D - Demonstrate the use of data center loads to provide up-regulation service
11E - Demonstrate the use of data center loads to provide down-regulation service
11F - Quantify the balancing services potential
11G - Evaluate potential income, costs and value from DC DR services
11H - Evaluate externalities such as improved transmission and distribution
efficiency
11I - Evaluate potential impacts on local distribution system
11J - Assess data center operator and utility acceptance and satisfaction with
pursued programs.
11K - Survey pilot project participants and BPA staff for suggested program
improvements.
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Appendix 8: Project Completion Tasks 12, 13 & 14
Task 12: Workshop on Data Centers as DR Resources 05/15/2014
Task 13: Identification of Emerging Technologies Task 06/30/2014
Task 14: Technology Transfer & Strategic Marketing Planning 09/30/2014
• 14A - Assess BPA DR goals
• 14B - Identify DC DR resource priority list based on performance and economic
factors
• 14C - Identify key hardware, software, project management, commercial and
contractual variables to successful DC DR
• 14D - Develop a register of all potential objectives, strategies and tactics to
support BPA's goals
• 14E - Recommend particular objectives, strategies and tactics to implement with
cost-benefit support
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