Transcript Slide 1

Floods, urban planning and
multi-level governance in
Coastal West Africa
The case of Saint-Louis
T. Vedeld, M. Ndour,
A. Coly, S. Hellevik
NFU Annual Conference, 26-27 November,
2012
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Senior development researcher
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Overview of presentation
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Basic approach and assumptions
Exposure & vulnerability
Structure of neighbourhood Councils (quartier)
Empirical findings on citizens’ actions in DRM
Structure of urban governance - role of key actors
Empirical findings on governance, planning, DRM/CCA
Implications for policy and theory
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 2
Basic approach
1. To explain division of responsibility for DRM & CCA
between state and municipality and how various policy
instruments are applied
i) Institutional (coordination, decentralised organisation,
accountability, pluralisation, participation)
ii) Legal/regulative
iii) Finance
iv) Informative/knowledge
2. Key attention to the role of municipality and two local
case-Councils on i) flash floods & ii) coastal
flooding/erosion
Multi-level analysis of urban governance
and DRM/CCA
– Analyse interface between urban
governance/planning system and flood risks
and vulnerability (national, city, local)
– Multi-level and multi-organisational –
interplay of state and non-state actors
– Useful with governance approach (= steering
of public arenas/society)
– State centric approach
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 4
Assumption & methods
• Assumption
– Opportunities for improved DRM & CCA lie in integration at
lower levels (municipality and below)
– Finds support in different theory strains
• Methods
– Semi-structured interviews, observations of local practices
by local students, reviews of policies/laws, plans, literature
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 5
Saint Louis, Senegal
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200 000 people
300 mm/year
Exremely low lying settlements
Flash floods – river floods
80 000 people affected in 2010 floods
Saint Louis, Senegal
Coastal & riverine city
Located on four low-lying
islands – former wetlands
Exposed, vulnerable citizens with
some local response capacity
• Exposed informal settlements due to rapid
urbanization (3% growth, 30% in informal areas)
• Vulnerability (lack of storm drains, sewerage, solid
waste, green space, infrastructure)
• Poor and vulnerable citizens (assets, livelihoods)
• But organized, proactive and engaged civil society
The neighbourhood Council
(Conseill de Quartier)
• Elected local Council with representation
from the following (but not legalized);
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Youth Sport and Cultural Associations
Women/female youth group
Teacher-Parents group
Health and sanitation committee
Relgious groups
Economic interest groups
Neighborhood development associations
20/07/2015
Cluva Saint-Louis
Slide 9
Findings: Citizens’ DRM actions
• Protect own houses and assets; aware of flood risks
• Involved in local development planning
• Design projects on climate risk reduction
• Advocate for assistance from above
• Organized young people and raised local awareness
• Helped organize training of teachers on CCA
• Mobilized for new road & storm drains
• But lacks legitimacy and finance
20/07/2015
Guy Weets
Slide 10
Levels of governance in Saint-Louis
régional
Niveau déconcentré
Niveau décentralisé
Niveau communautaire
Gouverneur
Comité Régional
de développement
Préfet
Niveau municipal
Services techniques
Maire
Services techn
municip
Agence de développement
communale
Conseil Municipal
Délégué
Président Conseil
Niveau quartier
Conseil de quartiers
Association sportives et culturelles
Comité,
commission
Organisation communautaire de
base
Source, COLY A., NDOUR M., GUEYE S., in press
20/07/2015
Cluva Saint-Louis
Slide 11
Multi-level governance of flood risks
• Central and regional state agencies – coordinate at national
and regional levels, finance, land use planning + river flood
control, stormwater, disaster response
• Municipality - urban development planning (not land use),
green structures, solid waste and post-disaster recovery
• Private sector - water supply and protection of water
infrastructure, housing, construction
• NGOs - Red Cross
• Citizens/local groups - protection of assets, early evacuation,
cleaning of drains, solid waste, ecosystem mngmt/destruction
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 12
Multi-level actors in urban
planning/governance and DRM/CCA
Institutional
level
Actors/
institutions
DRM/flood
response
CCA/longterm risk red
Development
”low-regrets”
International
WB/AFD, UN
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Low
Med
State
Key services
Med
Regional state
Governor,
planners, core
services,
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Low
High
Municipal
Planners,
services
Low
Low
Low
Ward/quartier
Councillors
High
Low
High
Civic/local gr.
Diverse gr.s.
High
Low
Med
Citizens
Individuals
High
Low
Med
NGOs
Red Cross
High
Low
Low
Private sector
Developers
Low
Low
High
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 13
Findings on governance and
planning
• Municipality not ”in charge” – undermines autonomy
and accountability
• Urban plans with limited integration of CCA/DRM
– No planning design principles
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Weak land control and enforcement
Weak involvement of non-state actors
Limited links between DRM and CCA
CCA more of a national concern than DRM
Trond Vedeld
Slide 14
Findings on governance &
floods risk management
• No real institutional home with municipality
• Lack representation at higher levels
• Weak regional government; strong regional
state services (Governor)
• Overlaps and unclearity between
municipality/state
• Weak lines of command (vertical/horizontal)
• No EWS and weak emergency management
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 15
Stronger integration of DRM/CCA in
governance - requires
• Create institutional homes + financial support
• Establish coordination & operational
integration
• Shift towards long-term DRM/CCA
• Address inequality/informality and build local
political capacity and accountabilities
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Trond Vedeld
Slide 16
Support of theory – findings support
• Urban DRM/CCA theory; flood risks spill across judicial,
administrative and socio-ecological boundaries
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Ostrom and Oakerson on polycentric governance
James Manor’s work on decentralisation
Richard Crook’s work on sivil service; «islands of effectiveness»
Judith Tendler’s work from Brazil; state services can build accountability
20/07/2015
Trond Vedeld
Slide 17