Transcript Strategic and Financial Planning for Information

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APAN – An historical perspective and
a view toward the future
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Michael McRobbie PhD
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Vice President for Research
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Vice President for Information Technology and CIO
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Professor of Computer Science
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Indiana University
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[email protected]
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Foundation of APAN
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• March 1996 – APEC Symposium for Realizing the
Information Society held at Tsukuba, Japan
– Kilnam Chon and Michael McRobbie gave keynotes separately
proposing the establishment of an Asia Pacific high speed network
– Initial meetings held where first draft of what were to become the
APAN charter was prepared (Chon, McRobbie, Goto, Konishi,
Goldstein (!), others?)
– From the first draft:
• “proposed to interconnect [the regional high-speed testbeds] …
at the rate of the fastest testbeds to form the AP Testbed
[Asia/Pacific High Speed Network testbed]”
• “additional opportunity to establish a bridge from USA to AP
Testbed through NSF …”
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Foundation of APAN
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• Further organizational meetings held in Tokyo in May,
1996
• June 1996 - APEC/APII Forum held in Seoul, Korea
– Chon and McRobbie present joint keynote “Towards an Asia-Pacific
Advanced Network” that outlines a framework for APAN
– Additional meetings in Seoul led to formal establishment of APAN
– Considerable debate as to direction of APAN - regional coordinating
organization or builder of infrastructure. Eventually a little of both
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
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Given this state of networking in 1996, what were the
plans for APAN? (from Chon/McRobbie 1996)
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“Establishment of an Asia-Pacific Network (APAN) broadband network
that could:
– develop Asia-Pacific hubs
– interconnect national broadband test beds in the region
– interconnect national research networks in the region
– support international collaboration between groups in the region
that requires connectivity of this speed
– allow coordinated involvement of the region in GIBN
– contribute to the development of an Asia-Pacific Information
Infrastructure as part of a Global Information Infrastructure
– support connectivity at lower speeds for developing countries”
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Structure of a Global Information
Infrastructure 1996
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Application Technologies
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(Chon/McRobbie 1996)
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“There are various application technologies that could
form the basis of regional collaboration that would
require a broadband network, e.g.:
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Remote virtual reality (telepresence)
Tele-collaborative environments (colaboratories)
Remote access to specialized equipment and facilities
Multimedia
Data access and data fusion”
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Application Areas
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(Chon/McRobbie 1996)
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“These in turn could be applied to problems in the
following application areas:
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Medicine (telemedicine)
Distance education (virtual university/institute)
Remote sensing data
Environment
Weather
Mining
Infrastructure development
Agriculture
Fishing”
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A Flagship Project
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(Chon/McRobbie 1996)
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“Many countries in the region have a major requirement for access to
remotely sensed earth observation data for economic, scientific,
environmental, and other reasons
This data will:
– be stored in different places
– be from different kinds of remote satellite sensors (e.g.
photometric, radar infrared, etc.)
– require terabytes and eventually petabytes of massive storage
using advanced database techniques
– be subject to various levels of pre-processing
– require high performance computing systems, sophisticated
visualization techniques (e.g. 3D, VR, etc.) and constantly changing
analytical tools for its processing
– comprise files >1GB in size
– comprise long time-series of data”
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State of networking at this
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No GEANT, only Ten-34 in Europe
No Abilene, only NSFnet in the US
Asia-Pacific connectivity heavily US-centric
Global interconnects rudimentary
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Ten-34 research network
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NSFnet
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Asia-Pacific Connectivity
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Global Research
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• So at a global level, what happened over the next 8
years in research?
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E-Research
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• Research become almost totally digital in all
disciplines - e-research
• The data of research is now being generated,
collected, processed, analyzed, vizualized & stored in
digital form
• Simulations & modelling are being carried out
completely digitally
• The historical & contemporary archives of science are
being converted into digital form
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Global e-Research
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Network-enabled world-wide collaborative e-research communities
(grids) have rapidly formed in nearly every discipline from anthropology
to zoology – each can number 1000s or more
These communities are based around e.g large-scale possibly
distributed data holdings, a few large sometimes unique instruments or
distributed complexes of sensors
global e-research communities carry out research based on this data
using computation, storage and visualization facilities distributed worldwide
All of this is global cyberinfrastructure
The digital data of e-research can be shared with collaborators
anywhere on earth
e-research is completely international – it knows no boundaries
Global high-performance networks are the critical glue that
makes e-research possible
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The Global e-Research
Community
• How big is the global e-research community?
• Based on NSF statistics approx 1 million in higher
education alone in USA
• Maybe 1 million for higher education in the rest of
world based on bibliometric measures
• This does not include researchers in industry &
government labs
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Enabling Global e-Research
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• NRENs (e.g.Internet2/Abilene, AARNet) connect e-researchers
nationally
• Regional networks (e.g. GEANT, CLARA) connect e-researchers
regionally
• International connections (e.g. TransPAC) interconnect these
regional networks
• This whole delicate fabric is essential for the 2 million
global e-researchers in higher education & many more
• But the development of this fabric cannot be left to chance good public policy demands that governments, agencies &
multi-lateral organizations ensure its continued development &
functioning
• APAN has taken on the vital role of interconnecting eresearchers in the Asia Pacific region
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APAN Now
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• Enormous progress has been made
• Great credit due to Professor Chon, Goto-san, Konishi-san and
scores of others from all APAN countries in the region!
• Interconnections within Asia have increased
• Connections between Asia and the world have increased
– As an example, in 1998 TransPAC was 34Mbps. Today,
TransPAC is 2 x 2.5Gbps. Soon, it will be 2 x 10Gbps
– NSF HPIIS Program vital here
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APAN Now
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APAN remains a work in progress
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• Old issues continue
– Connections to US remain strong, but a true AsiaPacific backbone (like GEANT) has yet to be built
• more north/south linkages within Asia are
needed and better connectivity to Europe,
possibly via west Asia
– Applications are developing but stronger intra-Asia
applications, grid applications in particular, need
support
• APAN Working Groups play a vital role here
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New issues demand attention
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Application measurement, particularly end-to-end
network performance measurement is increasingly
critical (deterministic networking)
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Security must now be a consideration for every
application and every network.
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Central Issues for APAN this
decade
• Stronger linkages between applications and
infrastructure - neither can exist independently
• Stronger application and infrastructure linkages
among APAN members.
• Continuing focus on APAN as an organization that
represents infrastructure interests in Asia
• Closer connection between APAN the infrastructure &
applications organization and regional political
organizations (e.g. APEC, ASEAN)
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A view into the future
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• Importance of global interconnections will increase in
importance even more due to the international and collaborative
nature of e-research
• Critical nature of security must be reflected in every aspect of
cyberinfrastructure
• Importance of measurement and deterministic networking will
increase
• Applications (particularly gird applications) will continue to press
network technology at the campus level, nationally and
internationally
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Conclusion
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• APAN has completed a very successful
establishment phase
• Now it must move forward as an active
mature network, supporting the broad, diverse
interests of e-research in Asia, with all the
organizational and political complexities that
entails
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