Transcript Chapter 1.1

Chapter 1.1
The Study of Geography
Main Objectives
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Name the 2 Main Branches of
Geography
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Explain how we use Geography
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Describe some ways we can organize
our world & the study of Geography
What is Geography?
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The study of everything on Earth, from
rocks and rainfall to people and places.
Geographers study a world that is
shaped by LANDSCAPES.
Describe the landscape of Memphis,
TN.
Perspectives
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PERSPECTIVE is the way a person looks at
something.
Can PERSPECTIVES differ?
The LANDSCAPE you described of Memphis
is your PERSPECTIVE of Memphis.
Physical or Human?
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Was your PERSPECTIVE human, or physical.
Human geograPHy looks at the distribution and
characteristics of the worlds people.
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Where people live, work, go to school
Physical geograPHy looks at the natural
environments.
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Weather (Climate), natural animals (fauna), natural
plants (flora), mountains, rivers, oceans.
Physical or Human?
Physical or Human?
Who uses Geography?
Everyone! Everyday!
 Lawyer?
 Chef?
 Pilot?
 Mailman?
 Student?
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Challenge - Who does not use geography?
Subfields of Geography
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Cartography – The Study of Maps.
Meteorology – The Study of Weather.
Biology – The Study of living things.
Archeology – The study of Historical objects.
Geology – The study of rocks.
Regions
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A REGION is an area with one or more
common features that make it different from
surrounding areas.
REGIONS can be any size.
Bedroom, House, Neighborhood, City,
County, State, Country, Continent.
Types of Regions
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FORMAL REGION – A group of places that
have similar attributes.
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Farm Crops, Shelby Forest
FUNCTIONAL REGION – A group of places
connected by movement. (Everything that
receives water from the Mississippi River)
PERCEPTUAL REGION - reflect human
feelings and attitudes ( Dixie, Mid-South)
Perception is a viewpoint that is
influenced by one’s own culture and
experiences.
5 Themes of geography
1. Location  Deals with an exact or a
relative spot.
 2. Place  Includes physical & human
features of a location.
 3. Movement  involves how people and
things change location and the effects of
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these changes.
5 Themes of geography
4. Regions  organizes the Earth into
geographic areas with 1 or more shared
characteristics.
 5. Human Environment Interaction  covers
the ways people & environments interrelate
with affect to each other.
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List and Define the 6 Elements
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1. World in Spatial
Terms  focus on
geography’s spatial
perspective. The use
of maps for this is
crucial.
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2. Places & Regions
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 deals with the
physical and human
features of how those
places & how we
define & perceive
various regions
3. Physical System  shape
Earth’s features by studying
earthquakes, mountain,
weather pattern
4. Human System  our
activities, movement &
settlements shape earth’s
surface
List and Define the 6 Elements
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5. Environment & Society  relationship
between people and the environment &
how they affect each other.
6. Use of Geography  helps us
understand relationships between people,
places or environment over time. Can help
interpret past or present, and plan for the
future.
Main Objectives
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Name the 2 Main Branches of
Geography
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Explain how we use Geography
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Describe some ways we can organize
our world & the study of Geography
Main Objectives
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Give Examples:
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Formal Region
Functional Region
Perceptual Region
Physical Geographical Feature
Human Geographical Feature
Chapter 1.2
Using the Geographer’s Tools
Section 2 Objectives
Explain how geographers and
mapmakers organize the world.
 Identify the different types of maps
geographers use, and why they use
them.
 Identify and explain the Title, Direction,
Scale, and Legend on a map.
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Global Grid
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Every location on Earth can be found by
using latitude and longitude on a map or
globe.
These lines form a grid like patter on the map
or globe that allow you to pinpoint specific
locations.
This exact location is also referred to as
absolute location.
Latitude
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Lines of Latitude run
east and west.
Everything is measured
north or south of the
Equator.
Also called parallels.
Which line of latitude is
Memphis on?
Latitude
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The Equator is an
imaginary line that
circles the globe
halfway between the
north and south pole.
All lines of latitude
(parallels), are parallel
to the Equator.
Longitude
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Lines of Longitude run North and South.
Also called meridians.
Meridians measure east and west of the
Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian runs from the North Pole
to the South Pole.
What is the Longitude of Memphis?
Organization
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The globe is divided into 4 hemispheres.
The globe is divided into 7 continents.
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For Memphis, TN identify the following:
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Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South
America, Europe, and Antarctica.
Hemisphere, Continent, and Absolute Location.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? London, England?
Beijing, China? Sydney, Australia?
Distance Scales
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A maps distance scale helps us to determine real
distances between points on a map.
Maps of small areas can show more detail.
Large areas less detailed.
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Germantown, Memphis, Tennessee?
Other Map Elements
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Title – Gives the reader knowledge of what he/she is
looking at. Every Map must have a title.
Directional Indicator - Shows which directions of a
map are north, south, east, and west.
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A Compass Rose has arrows that point to all four principal
directions.
A map’s legend, or key, identifies the symbols on a
map and what they represent.
Inset maps are used to focus in on a small part of a
larger map.
Name 3 types of map projections.
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Mercator  This projection is in cylindrical form.
 Often called the cylindrical projection
 Is good for navigation
 Distortion increases the farther you move from the Equator
Name 3 types of map projections.
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Conic  Is shown as if someone placed a cone
around the area
 Is accurate in the area the cone would touch but
distortion increases in the middle of the map.
 Good for looking at the North and South Poles
 Can you see Santa’s workshop with this map?
Name 3 types of map projections.
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Flat Plain  As if some one mapped the area
where the round world touched a flat piece of
paper.
 Great for true direction
 Greatly distorts the shape of landforms and
surface
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
 Climate
Map: Shows the climate or
climates of the areas on the map.
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
 Precipitation
Map: Shows the annual
average rainfall of the area being
mapped.
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
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Population Map: Shows the average number of
people living in the area being mapped
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
 Physical
Map: Shows the elevation
and physical features
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
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Political Map: Shows boundary lines of the area
being mapped
Give examples of 6 different types of
maps
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Topographic Map: Shows the topography of the
landscape. Topography describes the elevation and shape
of a landmass.
Section 2 Objectives
Explain how geographers and
mapmakers organize the world.
 Identify the different types of maps
geographers use, and why they use
them.
 Identify and explain the Title, Direction,
Scale, and Legend on a map.
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