Transcript Slide 1
Key findings from the 2013 edition of Education at a Glance United States London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 11 Andreas Schleicher Advisor of the OECD Secretary-General on Education Policy Deputy Director for Education London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 22 US Across the world more people obtain university qualifications The US ranks 1st in university attainment among older people, 12th in the young population, and 17th among today’s graduates 33 30,000 1995 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) 25,000 Cost per student London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Graduate supply 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate (%) 50 60 70 44 30,000 1995 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) 25,000 Cost per student London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 United States 15,000 10,000 5,000 Graduate supply 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate (%) 50 60 70 55 DE 30,000 1995 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) 25,000 Cost per student London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 United States 15,000 Germany 10,000 5,000 Graduate supply 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate (%) 50 60 70 66 30,000 2000 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 United Kingdom 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 77 30,000 2001 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 88 30,000 2002 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 99 30,000 2003 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 10 10 30,000 2004 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 11 11 30,000 2005 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 12 12 30,000 2006 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 13 13 30,000 2007 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 14 14 30,000 2008 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 15 15 30,000 2009 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 16 16 30,000 2010 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 UK 15,000 10,000 Iceland Poland 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 17 17 DE 30,000 2010 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 Germany UK 15,000 10,000 Iceland Poland 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 18 18 30,000 2010 25,000 Expenditure per student at tertiary level (USD) London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings A world of change – higher education 20,000 US 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 Tertiary-type A graduation rate 50 60 70 More people are participating in education than ever before Proportion of population with tertiary education, and difference in attainment between 25-34 and 55-64 year-olds (2011) OECD Difference between the 25-34 and 55-64 year-old populations with tertiary education. Percentage points 60 Lower attainment; High attainment; catching up Increasing KOR advantage 50 40 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 30 US POL Increasing advantage Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 19 19 JPN IRL FRA CHL 20 PRT OECD average ITA 10 TUR CZE SVK HUN MEX AUS BRA 0 0 10 GRC GER Low attainment; Getting further behind - 10 ESP BEL LUX NOR Tertiary attainment ISL UKM SVN 20 NLD SWE AUS NZL CHE DNK FIN 30 EST CAB RUS USA ISR High attainment; decreasing advantage 40 50 60 Proportion of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary education Chart A1.3 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 20 20 US Low success rates Turkey Germany Finland Spain France Denmark Australia Chart A4.1 Hungary United States Sweden Norway New Zealand Poland Austria Mexico Portugal OECD average EU21 average Slovak Republic United Kingdom Czech Republic Netherlands Belgium (Fl.) US/EU Japan London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 21 21 Proportion of students who enter tertiary education and graduate with at least a first degree % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 23 23 The crisis has amplified the value of a good education Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 30 % Norway Austria Germany Switzerland Czech Republic Netherlands Australia Brazil Korea Japan Belgium Luxembourg New Zealand Russian Federation Sweden Israel United Kingdom Hungary Finland Iceland Poland Slovenia OECD average Mexico France United States Canada Denmark Italy EU21 average Slovak Republic Chile Ireland Turkey Estonia Portugal Spain Greece London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 24 24 Unemployment rates for 25-64 year-olds tertiary educated people (2005, 2008 and 2011) A tertiary education is an advantage, particularly during an economic downturn 2011 2008 2005 25 20 15 10 5 0 Chart A5.2-3 Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings % Korea Mexico Chile Brazil Norway Netherlands Australia Luxembourg New Zealand Austria Israel Iceland Switzerland Turkey Denmark Italy Sweden United Kingdom Finland Canada Belgium OECD average Slovenia France Portugal Germany Russian Federation EU 21 average United States Poland Greece Czech Republic Ireland Hungary Estonia Spain Slovak Republic London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 26 26 Adults with no upper secondary education suffer even more in weak labour markets Unemployment rates for 25-64 year-olds with below upper secondary education (2005, 2008 and 2011) 30 2011 2008 2005 25 20 15 10 5 0 Chart A5.2-1 27 27 The private returns on an investment in tertiary education are substantial London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Private costs and benefits for a man attaining tertiary education (2009) Costs Benefits United States 364847 Ireland 288543 Czech Republic 277158 Poland 230630 Slovenia 227191 Slovak Republic 217086 Hungary 210381 Austria 187103 United Kingdom 180560 Canada 169217 Finland 169020 EU21 average 167528 France 166155 Portugal 163882 OECD average 162718 Korea 161173 Italy 155346 Australia 152564 Israel 151443 Netherlands 145886 Japan 143018 Estonia 137268 Germany 132531 Spain 118157 Belgium 116694 Norway 95465 Sweden 84239 Denmark 72592 Greece 70128 New Zealand 66357 Turkey 64177 600 000 Equivalent USD Direct cost Foregone taxes on earnings Income tax effect Social contribution effect Transfers effect Gross earnings benefits Unemployment effect Grants effect Chart A7.3 bis 400 000 200 000 0 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000 1 000 000 29 29 The net public return on investment for a man in tertiary education is over USD 100 000. London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Net private and public returns associated with a man attaining tertiary education (2009) Private net returns Public net returns United States Ireland Czech Republic Poland Slovenia Slovak Republic Hungary Austria United Kingdom Canada Finland EU21 average France Portugal OECD average Korea Italy Australia Israel Netherlands Japan Estonia Germany Spain Belgium Norway Sweden Denmark Greece New Zealand Turkey 0 Chart A7.1 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 Equivalent USD Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 30 30 Upper secondary education has become the norm Percentage of 25-64 year-olds whose highest level of attainment is upper secondary or postsecondary non-tertiary education (2011) Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3/4) with no distinction by orientation Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3/4) with general orientation Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 3/4) with vocational orientation % 80 70 60 Europe now matches US qualification levels (among 55-64-year-olds it was still 25 percentage points behind) EU/US 40 30 20 10 0 Czech Republic Slovak Republic Poland Austria Hungary Slovenia Germany Japan Estonia Sweden EU21 average United States OECD average Luxembourg Finland Denmark Switzerland Norway Chile France Italy New Zealand Greece Korea Russian… Netherlands Iceland Canada United Kingdom Ireland Belgium Israel Australia Brazil Spain Mexico Turkey Portugal London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 50 Chart A1.2 Unemployment rates among 25-64 year-olds with vocational or general upper secondary or postsecondary non-tertiary education (2011) Vocational education at ISCED 3/4 level General education at ISCED 3/4 level 20 18 16 14 12 % 10 8 6 4 2 Chart A5.3 Greece Spain Ireland Estonia Slovak Republic Poland EU21 average Turkey Slovenia Hungary France OECD average Finland Canada Denmark Italy Israel Germany Belgium New Zealand Iceland Sweden Australia Netherlands Austria 0 Switzerland EU/US Often a vocationally oriented secondary education offers better insurance against unemployment than general education Norway London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 31 31 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 32 32 Education also has important social outcomes Chart A8.1 Netherlands Spain Austria France Turkey Sweden Upper secondary education Norway Belgium Ireland Israel Slovak Republic EU21 average Greece Poland Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Below upper secondary education Slovenia Estonia OECD average Czech Republic Hungary Iceland Canada Australia Chile New Zealand United States United Kingdom London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 33 33 Adults with a tertiary education are half as likely to be obese as those with only a below upper secondary education Percentage of adults who are obese, by educational attainment (2011) Tertiary education % 50 40 30 20 10 0 Chart A8.2 Sweden United Kingdom New Zealand Iceland Australia Canada Upper secondary education United States Austria Ireland France Slovenia Netherlands OECD average Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Below upper secondary education Norway Belgium EU21 average Estonia Slovak Republic Israel Hungary Czech Republic Spain Poland Chile Greece London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 34 34 Percentage of adults who smoke, by educational attainment (2011) An individual with a higher level of education is less likely to smoke Tertiary education % 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 35 35 US Different from most other countries, spending on education fell during the crisis but public spending on education remains high in the US Between 2008 and 2010, countries varied in the share of total public expenditure they allocated to education Index of change between 2008 and 2010 in public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public expenditure for all levels of education combined (2008=100, 2010 constant prices) Change in public expenditure on education Change in public expenditure for all services Change in total public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public expenditure Index of change 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 Chart B4.2 Ireland Mexico Brazil United States Norway Hungary Italy Belgium Slovenia Poland Spain EU21 average Netherlands France Japan Estonia Finland OECD average Portugal Austria Czech Republic Slovak Republic Sweden Denmark Korea Chile Israel New Zealand Switzerland United Kingdom Iceland 80 Australia London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 36 36 EU Between 2008 and 2010, only five countries cut public expenditure on educational institutions Index of change between 2008 and 2010 in expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, for all levels of education (2008=100, 2010 constant prices) Index of change (2008=100) 125 Change in public expenditure on educational institutions Change in Gross Domestic Product Change in expenditure on education institutions as a percentage of GDP 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 Australia Slovak Republic Denmark Ireland Portugal Finland New Zealand Netherlands Japan United Kingdom Canada Czech Republic Slovenia Mexico Spain EU21 average Austria OECD average Norway Korea France Switzerland Sweden Estonia Belgium Israel United States Russian Federation Poland Iceland Italy Hungary Chile London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 37 37 Chart B2.3-1 Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 38 38 OECD countries spend USD 9 313 per student per year on primary through tertiary education In equivalent USD converted using PPPs, based on full-time equivalents, for primary through tertiary education Core services Ancillary services (transport, meals, housing provided by institutions) and R&D Total In equivalent USD converted using PPPs 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 United States Switzerland Norway Denmark Austria Sweden Netherlands Belgium United Kingdom Australia Ireland Japan France Finland Spain EU21 average Slovenia OECD average Italy Iceland Korea New Zealand Portugal Israel Poland Estonia Czech Republic Slovak Republic Hungary Russian Federation Chile Argentina Brazil Mexico London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 8 000 Chart B1.1 EU Italy Poland Hungary Iceland Mexico Czech Republic Korea Slovenia Israel Portugal New Zealand Austria Spain Brazil EU21 average Belgium Australia France Denmark Norway Netherlands Finland Japan Ireland United Kingdom United States Switzerland Sweden London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Chart B1.2-3 Argentina Estonia Chile Slovak Republic Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 39 39 Spending per student at the tertiary level Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, by level of education (2010) Expenditure per student (equivalent USD converted using PPPs) 30 000 28 000 26 000 24 000 Tertiary education 22 000 20 000 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 40 40 US A high burden on households 41 41 Some 16% of all spending on educational institutions comes from private sources US % 80 70 60 50 40 Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education In the US, 36% of expenditure on higher education come from public sources, and 64% come from private sources. Across OECD countries it is almost exactly the other way round, 68% of expenditure on tertiary education come from public sources, while 32% come from private sources 30 20 10 0 Chile United Kingdom Korea Japan United States Australia Israel Canada1 Russian Federation New Zealand Italy OECD average Portugal Mexico Slovak Republic Poland Netherlands Estonia Argentina EU21 average Spain Czech Republic Ireland France Slovenia Austria Belgium Sweden Iceland Denmark Finland Norway Switzerland Luxembourg London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Share of private expenditure on educational institutions (2010) Chart B3.1 Chart B3.3 Norway Finland Denmark Iceland Sweden Belgium Austria Slovenia France Ireland Czech Republic Spain Argentina Estonia Netherlands 2005 Poland Slovak Republic Mexico Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 2010 Portugal OECD average EU21 average Italy New Zealand Russian Federation Canada Israel Australia United States Japan Korea United Kingdom Chile London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 42 42 Share of private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions (2000, 2005 and 2010) The share of private expenditure on tertiary institutions increased from 24% in 2000 to 32% in 2010 2000 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 43 43 US The early years: Modest participation and investments US Expenditure on pre-primary education accounts for an average of 0.6% of GDP. Expenditure on early childhood educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by funding sources (2010) % of GDP 1.2 1.0 0.8 Private expenditure on educational institutions in percentage of GDP Public expenditure on educational institutions in percentage of GDP Total In the US only 50% of 3-year-olds are enrolled in early childhood education, compared to 68% on average among OECD countries. In some countries, such as Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden more than 90% of 3-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Denmark Iceland Spain Israel Russian Federation Luxembourg Slovenia France Sweden Hungary Poland Mexico Chile Belgium New Zealand Argentina EU21 average Austria OECD average Czech Republic Norway United States Slovak Republic Italy Estonia Finland Brazil Netherlands Portugal United Kingdom Korea Japan Switzerland Australia London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 44 44 Chart C2.3 Indonesia France Chile Turkey China Israel Chart C2.4 Iceland Sweden Estonia New Zealand Slovenia Finland Saudi Arabia Hungary Luxembourg Italy Slovak Republic Germany Spain EU21 average United States Czech Republic Austria OECD average Netherlands Japan Portugal Poland Belgium Korea Brazil United Kingdom UK/DE Mexico London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 45 45 The ratio of pupils to teaching staff indicates the level of resources devoted to pre-primary education Ratio of pupils to teaching staff in early childhood education in public and private institutions (2011) Children to educational staff ratio 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 46 46 Resources in schooling China Chile Japan Israel Korea Turkey Indonesia Argentina United Kingdom Brazil Ireland Australia France Spain OECD average Germany Belgium (Fr.) Hungary Portugal Denmark United States EU21 average Czech Republic Mexico Finland Italy Slovenia Poland Iceland Austria Slovak Republic Russian Federation Estonia Greece Luxembourg London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 47 47 On average in OECD countries, class size increases by two or more students between primary and lower secondary education Average class size in educational institutions, by level of education (2011) Number of students per classroom Primary education Lower secondary education 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Chart D2.2 EU/US In only 6 countries were relative salaries for teachers higher than those of comparably educated workers Ratio of teachers' salary to earnings for full-time, full-year workers with tertiary education aged 25-64 (2011 or latest available year) Ratio 1.5 But teacher salaries in the EU rose by 20% between 2000 and 2011 (in contrast in the US they remained stable) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Spain Korea Luxembourg Portugal New Zealand Canada Germany Finland Israel England Australia Denmark Belgium (Fl.) OECD average EU21 average Netherlands Belgium (Fr.) Ireland Sweden Slovenia France Scotland Poland Chile Norway United States Estonia Austria Italy Hungary Czech Republic Iceland Slovak Republic London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 48 48 Chart D3.1-2 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 49 49 An attractive place to study London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 50 50 In 2011, more than 4.3 million students were enrolled in tertiary education outside their country of citizenship. Evolution in the number of students enrolled outside their country of citizenship, by region of destination (2000 to 2011) Worldwide OECD G20 countries Europe North America Oceania Million students 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Chart C4.1 2011 51 51 Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States together receive more than 50% of all foreign students worldwide. 2000 Market share (%) 2011 25 20 15 10 5 Other G0 and non-OECD Other OECD Belgium Netherlands Switzerland Korea Austria New Zealand Italy China South Africa Spain Japan Russian Federation Canada Australia France Germany United Kingdom 0 United States London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings Percentage of all foreign tertiary students enrolled, by destination (2000, 2011) Chart C4.3 Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 20 Australia United Kingdom Switzerland New Zealand Austria Belgium Sweden Denmark Canada¹ Ireland Iceland Netherlands Finland Hungary Slovak Republic Japan United States Portugal Spain Estonia Slovenia Norway Poland Chile France Czech Republic South Africa¹ Greece Italy Saudi Arabia Russian Federation Korea Israel Turkey China Brazil London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher 52 52 At least 15% of tertiary enrolments in Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom are international International or foreign student enrolment as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment (2011) % International students Foreign students2 15 10 OECD average 5 0 Chart C4.4 London, 24 June 2013 Andreas Schleicher Education at a Glance 2013 Key findings 53 53 www.oecd.org/education/eag.htm [email protected] Twitter: SchleicherEDU Thank you ! … and remember: Without data, you are just another person with an opinion