Transcript Towards Wireless Overlay Network Architectures

CS294-8: Research Seminar on
Communications to the eXtreme
David E. Culler, Randy H. Katz
CS Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Spring 2000
1
Agenda
•
•
•
•
Revolutions in Computing and Communications
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
Information Appliances
Deeply Networked Systems
2
Agenda
•
•
•
•
Revolutions in Computing and Communications
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
Information Appliances
Deeply Networked Systems
3
Technology as a Process
Capability
Innovation:
breakthrough
technologies
Integration: What
we can build into a
system
For deeply networked systems,
system architecture currently
lags technology
Time
4
Historic Perspective
• Technology discontinuities drive new
computing paradigms, applications, system
architectures
• E.g., Xerox Alto
– 3Ms--1 mips, 1 megapixel, 1 mbps
– Fourth M: 1 megabyte of memory
– From time sharing to LAN-connected client-server with
display intensive applications
• What will drive the next discontinuity? What
are the new metrics of system capability?
– This seminar: deeply networked systems
– eXtreme Devices: the small, the large, the numerous
5
What’s Important: Shifts in
Technology Metrics
• Display (human-computer interface)
– More ubiquitous I/Os (e.g., MEMS sensors & actuators) and
modalities (speech, vision, image)
– How to Quantify?
• Connectivity (computer-computer interface)
– Not bandwidth but “scaled ubiquity”
– Million accesses per day
• Computing (processing capacity)
– Unbounded capacity & utility functionality (very high mean time to
unavailable, gracefully degraded capability acceptable
6
What is Needed?
• Automatic Self-Configuration
– Personalization on a Vast Scale
– Plug-and-Play
• The OS of the Planet
– New management concerns: protection, information utility, not
scheduling the processor
– What is the OS of the Internet? TCP plus queue scheduling in
routers
• Adapts to You
– Protection, Organization, Preferences by Example
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Technology Changes &
Architectural Implications
• Zillions of Tiny Devices
– Proliferation of information
appliances, MEMS, etc.
• “Of course it’s connected!”
– Cheap, ample bandwidth
– “Always on” networking
• Vast (Technical) Capacity
– Scalable computing in the
infrastructure
– Rapid decline in processing,
memory, & storage cost
• Adaptive Self-Configuration
• Loosely Organized
• “Good Enough” Reliabilty and
Availability
• Any-to-Any Transducers
(dealing with heterogeneity,
over time--legacy--and space)
• Communities (sharing)
8
Agenda
•
•
•
•
Revolutions in Computing and Communications
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
Information Appliances
Deeply Networked Systems
9
Evolution of the Computer
First Color TV
Broadcast, 1953
Telephone,
1876
HBO Launched,
1972
Interactive TV,
1990
Early Wireless
Phones, 1978
Computer First PC
+ Modem
Altair,
1957
1974
IBM
PC,
1981
Handheld Portable
Phones, 1990
Apple
Apple
IBM
Mac, Powerbook, Thinkpad,
1984
1990
1992
Pentium
PC, 1993
Apple
Newton,
1993
Eniac, 1947
HP
Palmtop,
1991
Red Herring, 10/99
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Evolution of the Computer
Atari Home
Pong, 1972
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
in Computing and Communications
Pentium
PC, 1993
Network
Computer,
1996
Free
PC, 1999
Sega
Dreamcast,
1999
Internet-enabled
Smart Phones,
1999
Pentium II
PC, 1997
Apple
iMac, 1998
Palm VII
PDA, 1999
Red Herring, 10/99
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Evolution vs. Revolution:
Devices in the eXtreme
Information Appliances:
Many computers per person,
MEMs, CCDs, LCDs, connectivity
Information Appliances:
Scaled down desktops,
e.g., CarPC, PdaPC, etc.
Evolution
Revolution
Evolved Desktops
Servers:
Scaled-up Desktops,
Millennium
Mem
Smart Spaces
Display
BANG!
Mem
Keyboard
Disk
mProc
PC Evolution
mProc
Information
Utility
Disk
Camera
Server, Mem,
Disk
WAN
Camera
Display
Display
Smart
Sensors
Display
Servers: Integrated with
comms infrastructure;
Lots of computing in
small footprint
Computing
Revolution
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Convergence, Competition, Diversity
Terminal Equipment:
PCs, Smart Phones, Game Consoles, Information
Appliances, Set-top Boxes, E-Toys
Dell, Ericsson, Sony
Server and Software “Platforms”:
Corba/Java, NT/Symbiant/Asperios, NOW Ninja,
e”speak, AIN/ICEBERG, …
Microsoft, Sun, Compaq, RealNetworks, Akaimi, ...
Telecomm/Connectivity:
Access Networks, Cable, DSL, Satellites, Wireless
AT&T, UUnet
• Implications:
– Shift from computer design to consumer design
– Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking
– Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS
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Agenda
•
•
•
•
Revolutions in Computing and Communications
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
Information Appliances
Deeply Networked Systems
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Information Appliances
• Universal Devices vs. Specialized Devices
– E.g., Swiss Army Knife vs. Butcher, Butter, Steak, Bread
knife
• Different design constraints based on
intended use, enhances ease of use
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Desktop PC
Mobile PC
Desktop “Smart” Phone
Mobile Telephone
Personal Digital Assistant
Set-top Box
Digital VCR
...
15
Industry Shifts
• Implications of PCs as commodity
– Increasingly narrow profit margins
• Some Reactions:
– Intel: recent strategic acquisitions focus on owning silicon for
communications, networking, signal processing, multimedia
PLUS network services
– Sun: focus on infrastructure servers (clusters, RAID
storage)--JAVA/JINI sells more server processing and
storage
– HP: focus on non-desktop “information
appliances”, e.g., HP CapShare Portable E-copier
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Fast Projected Growth in
Non-PC Terminal Equipment
Millions
Units
Shipped
60
All Non-PC
Information Appliances
45
30
Videogame Consoles
Internet TVs
Smart Phones
15
0
1998
2002
Red Herring, 10/99
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Home Networking
Power Line
Carrier (PLC)
Appliance
Camera
Appliance
X10
HAVi
HAVi
Web Pad HomeRF,
TV
Home API
Universal Plug
& Play (uPnP)
Power
Outlet
Power Line
Bridge
Bluetooth,
IEEE 802.11
DSL
Cable Modem
Satellite
Internet
Gateway
IrDA
Wireless
Bridge
Phone
Jack
Heterogeneous devices, standards
Distributed intelligence
Plug and play, self-configuration, adapt on the fly
Connectivity according to device’s needs
Phone Line
(HomePNA)
Red Herring, 10/99
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Who Will Own the System
Software of the 21st Century?
Sony versus Microsoft
• Interactive Television
– Set-top Box OS: Aperios,
WinCE, something else
– Sony/GI alliance
– 7.8 million units sold in 2002
• Direct Broadcast Satellite
Television
– TVs with built-in satellite
receivers
– 14 million units sold in 2002
• Video Games
– Sony Playstation (Aperios) vs.
Sega Dreamcast (WinCE)
– 18.5 million units sold in 2002
• Electronic Toys
– Microsoft Barney (WinCE) vs.
Sony robot pets (Aperios)
– $1.86 billion in sales in 2002
• “Smart” Phones
– Sony and Microsoft involved in
numerous phone alliances
– 6.8 million units sold in 2002
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Agenda
•
•
•
•
Revolutions in Computing and Communications
Convergence, Competition, Divergence
Information Appliances
Deeply Networked Systems
20
Deeply Networked Systems
• “Everything” is networked
– Even very small things like sensors and actuators
– Explosion in the number of connected end devices
• Processing moves towards the network edges
– Protocol stack plus some ability to execute mobile code in
network end devices
• Processing moves towards the network core
– Services executing inside the network
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Truly eXtreme Devices:
Pister’s Dust Motes
• COTS RF Mote
– Atmel Microprocessor
– RF Monolithics transceiver
» 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps
– 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
N
W
E
2 Axis Magnetic
S
Sensor
2 Axis Accelerometer
Light Intensity
Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensor
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COTS Dust - Optical Motes
Laser mote
• 650nm laser pointer
• 2 day life full duty
CCR mote
• 4 corner cubes
• 40% hemisphere
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Concept of Operations
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Virtual Keyboard
Interfaces for
people with
Disabilities?
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Representative Research Challenges
in Deeply Networked Systems
• Embedded/Networked Systems
– Support for deeply networked systems and mobile code
– OS services in support of sensor/actuator I/O
– Low-latency feedback across software component boundaries
– Tuning of performance and configuration at runtime
– Runtime support for networked, embedded systems
• Sensor Information Technology
– Large Scale Distributed Micro Sensor Networking
– Fixed and Mobile Internetworking
– Collaborative Signal Processing
– Nano-cryptography
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