Transcript NHA presentation

THE HYDROGEN SAFETY PROGRAM
OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
ENERGY
Patrick Davis, U.S. Department of Energy
Bruce Kinzey, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Antonio Ruiz, U.S. Department of Energy
Hydrogen Safety
-
R&D
Training
Safety of DOE Projects & Best Practices
Codes and Standards
Components; sensors, tanks, valves, etc.
Critical Relationship Between Codes and Standards & Safety
Goal : Develop and implement the practices and
procedures that will ensure safety in the operation,
handling and use of hydrogen and hydrogen systems
for all DOE funded projects and to utilize these
practices and lessons learned to promote the safe
use of hydrogen throughout the emerging hydrogen
economy.
Safety Codes and Standards
• Domestic Codes and Standards
– Support of Standards Development Organizations (SDO) and
Code Development Organizations (CDO)
– Support of R&D needed by SDOs and CDOs
• International Codes and Standards
– Direct participation in activities, facilitation of US participation
– Support to DOT in their role as US lead in GTR process
• Hydrogen Quality
– Coordinate test efforts to verify quality needs
• Component Testing
– Testing of components to verify required performance and aid
standards process (i.e., tanks, valves)
Current Hydrogen Safety
Activities
• Hydrogen R&D
– Hydrogen compatible materials
– Release scenarios
– Risk Assessment
• Training (HAMMER)
– Development of curriculum for first responders
– Training Hardware/Simulations
• Safety Panel
– Independent panel formed to evaluate hydrogen related operations
– Diverse representation (hydrogen experts, safety engineers,
academia, fire professionals, and auto, fuel & insurance industries)
– All program activities reviewed by panel (safety plans, site visits)
– Projects reviewed annually for safety
• Safety Sensors
– Development of sensor technology (suspended for FY05)
Total FY05 Budget, Safety, Codes and Standards: $5.9M
Materials R&D: 6 of 15 Chapters now
available of hydrogen material classes
http://www.ca.sandia.gov/matlsTechRef/
Effect of Strength on Cracking in H2
140
120
Stainless Steels and Ni Alloys
304L
JBK-75 HDA
316
21-6-9
A-286
Effect of Pressure on Cracking in H2
80
60
40
JBK-75
GTA Welds
JBK-75 STA
180
IN903
JBK-75 HSA
IN718
20
700
800
4130 steel (YS=92 ksi)
4145 steel (YS=97 ksi)
4147 steel (YS=105 ksi)
120
IN903
0
600
Pressure Vessel Steels
150
KTH (ksiin)
K TH, MPa-m1/2
100
900 1000 1100 1200
Yield Strength, MPa
90
60
1300
• Increased material strength
lowers threshold for H2-assisted
crack growth
30
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
H2 gas pressure (ksi)
•
Increased H2 gas pressure lowers
threshold for H2-assisted crack growth
Hydrogen Combustion and Release
Scenarios – Sandia National Laboratory
Flame Characterization
Experimentally Measure Heat Flux
Impinging jet, 10 ft impingement diameter
Birch_Fig1a_18th.qpa
7
Thermal Radiation Models
C mean = 0.548
C rms = 0.0836
0% of distribution lies
within flammability limits
6
C*(x/L) = 4 p R 2 qrad(x/L) / Srad
Flammability Limits
&
Ignition Probabilities
4
3
2
1
LFL
2.0
Siv &Gor e_Fig2.qpa
Fuel S (kW)
C2H4
C2H4
CH4
CH4
C2H2
C2H2
1.5
RFL
11.2
20.2
12.5
6.40
18.1
56.5i
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Methane Concentration (mole fraction)
1.0
C*
Probability
5
1.0
0.50
0.0
0.0
0.50
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Risk Assessment (RA) Workshop
• Engage stakeholders to explore risk assessment tools and
discuss viability of RA work to support the development of
hydrogen codes and standards
Subjective, cheap, fast,
less quantitative
Expert
Panels
Failure Modes and Effects
Analysis - FMEA
More objective, costly, time
consuming, quantitative
Probabilistic Risk
Assessment - PRA
Conclusions:
-CDO/SDO communities favor different RA methods
-Obtaining data is a critical barrier to successful RA (several working
groups formed)
-How safe is safe enough?
2006 Activities will Increase Support of Risk Assessment Work
HAMMER Training Facility
• Hands-on training with life-sized props for first responders, fire officials
and others.
• Computer-based distance training
• First training session held August 30-31, 2005
HAMMER Facilities and Props
•
•
•
•
•
•
80-Acre Main Campus
75-Acre Expansion Area
18 Classrooms
2 Computer-Based Training
Centers
2 Conference Rooms
Library
•
•
•
•
•
4 Indoor Open-Bay Areas
29 Outdoor Training Props
Satellite/Distance Learning
Capabilities
Staff Offices
Restaurant
HAMMER Facility
Safety Panel
• Provide expertise and guidance to the DOE and
assist with identifying areas of additional research
necessary to fill safety information gaps
– Site visits
– Phone Interviews
– Safety Plans
• Safety Plans - Integrate safety procedures into all
DOE project-funding procurements to ensure that all
projects incorporate hydrogen safety requirements.
• By 2007, help guide DOE in publishing a handbook
of “Best Management Practices for Safety”
Safety Related Planning
• Project Plans
– All solicitations since 2004 are evaluated for safety and require safety
plan submittal upon award.
• Office Safety Plan
– How the office will implement hydrogen safety activities. Completion
Fall 2005
• Hydrogen Incident Communications Plan
– Completion in Fall 2005
• Incident Plan
– Completion Fall 2005
• Best Management Practices
– A compilation of best industry practices and safety lessons learned to
be published in FY07
Collaboration
National and International Collaboration is
Critical to Success
• Sharing of hydrogen R&D data
• Sharing of Lessons Learned
– Development of an international
database on hydrogen incidents
• Harmonization of Codes and Standards
For More Information
Website:
www.hydrogen.enery.gov
•
•
Patrick Davis:
[email protected]
Antonio Ruiz:
[email protected]
Annual Progress
Report