Transcript Grammar Review

Grammar Review
Topic One: Tenses
Structure of the lecture:
The Tenses
The
Basics
The
Simple
The
Progressive
Actual
Usages
The
Perfect
The
Perfect
Progressive
THE TIME LINE:
Past
Future
Now
Time
Line
The Simple: Simple present
 It snows in
Alaska.
 Tom watches
television every
day.
 Link 1
The Simple: Simple past
 It snowed
yesterday.
 Tom watched
television last
night.
The Simple: Simple Future
 It will snow
tomorrow.
 It is going to
snow tomorrow.
 Tom will watch
television tonight.
 Tom is going to
watch television
tonight. (Link 1)
The Progressive: be + v.-ing
Present Progressive
 Am/is/are doing…
 Tom is sleeping
right now.
The Progressive: be +v.-ing
Past Progressive
 was/were doing
 Tom was
sleeping when I
arrived.
The Progressive: be + v.-ing
Future Progressive
 will be doing…
 Tom will be
sleeping when
we arrive.
 Link 2
The Perfect: have + v-ed
Present Perfect
 has/have done…
 Tom has already
eaten.
The Perfect: have + -ed
Past Perfect
 had done…
 Tom had already
eaten when his
friend arrived.
The Perfect: have + v-ed
Future Perfect
 will have done…
 Tom will already
have eaten
when his friend
arrives.
 Link 4
Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing
Present Perfect Progressive
 has/have been
doing…
 Tom has been
studying for two
hours.
Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing
Past Perfect Progressive
 had been doing…
 Tom had been
studying for two
hours before his
friend came.
Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing
Future Perfect Progressive
 will have been
doing…
 Tom will have
been studying
for two hours by
the time his
friend arrives.
 Link 5
Summary: The Simple
Summary: The Progressive
Summary: The Perfect
Summary:
The Perfect Progressive
Simple Present
Vs. Present Progressive
 I ______ for two hours every night.
(Study)
 John ________ right now. (sleep)
 study– habitual or everyday activity
 is sleeping— in progress at the moment
of speaking
 See Link 7 for more practice exercises
Stative Verbs
 Yum! This food ______ (taste) good.
I _____ (like) it very much.
 The chef is in his kitchen. He ______
(taste) the sauce.
 tastes, like: have stative meanings;
describe a state that exists.
 is tasting: an action
 See Link 8 for a list of stative verbs
Am/is/are being +Adjective
 Jack doesn’t feel well, but he refuses
to see a doctor. He _____(be) foolish.
 Sue never does anything right. She
___ (be) foolish.
 is being: a temporary, in-progress
behavior
 is:
 Click on link 9 for more exercises
Simple Past– Irregular Verbs
 I ______ (buy) a new car three days
ago.
 I ______(bring) back home a big pile
of books to read last night.
 bought
 brought
 Click on Link 10 for a list of irregular
Verbs
Past Progressive
Vs. Simple past
 While I _______ (walk) down the
street, it ______ (begin) to rain.
 was walking; began: one action (walk)
began earlier and was in the progress
when the other action (begin)
occurred.
 Click on Link 10 for more exercises
Present Perfect
 _____ you _____ (visit) Mexico?
 I _______ (meet) many people since I
came here in June.
 Have…visited: The exact time it happened
is not important; adverbs: ever, never,
already, yet, still, just
 have met: repetition before Now; so far,
since
 Click on Link 12 for more exercises
Present Perfect vs. Simple past
 I can not get into my apartment now.
I ______ (lose) my key.
 I did something stupid yesterday. I
____(lose) my key.
 have lost: something happened at the
past and it has an effect till now.
 lost: something that happened in the
past.
Present Perfect Progressive
 You ___(study) for five straight hours.
 I __ (think) about changing my major.
 have been studying: Duration of an
action, used with for, since, all day…
 have been thinking: general activity
in progress recently, lately
Present Perfect Progressive
 I ___ (live) here since 1995.
 have lived; have been living: words
like work, study
 Click on Link 13 for more exercises
Past Perfect
 Sam ___ already ___ (leave) when Ann got
there.
 Sam ___ (leave) before Ann ____(get)
there.
 had…left
 had left/left; got: with before or after
 Click on Link 14 for more exercises
Will vs. Be going to
To express a prediction
 Be careful! You ____ (hurt) yourself!
 Watch out! You ___ (hurt) yourself!
 will hurt; are going to hurt
 A prediction: a statement about
something s/he thinks will be true or
will occur in the future, either will or
be going to is possible. See GIU U19
Will vs. Be going to
To express a prior plan
 Why did you buy this paint?
 I ____ (paint) my bedroom tomorrow.
 am going to paint
 a prior plan: something the speaker
intends to do in the future because in
the past s/he has made a plan or
decision to do it; In this case, only be
going to is used.
Will vs. Be going to
To express willingness
 A:The phone’s ringing. B: I __ (get) it.
 My friend told me that he would call me this
afternoon at six. It is noon time. I
__________(answer) the phone at six.
 will get it: no prior plan, volunteer; use
Will only.
 am going to answer: with prior plan
 Click on Link 15 for more exerices
Time cause: When/before/after…
 Bob will come soon. When Bob ____
(come), we ____ (see) him.
 comes; will see:
 Time cause= When/before.. + subject
+ verb. The meaning of time cause is
future, but the simple tense is used.
 Click on Link 16 for more exercises.
Present Progressive -Future
 My wife has an appointment with a
doctor. She _______ (see) Dr. North
next Tuesday.
 is seeing
 used when the idea concerns a
planned event or definite intention.
 Click on Link 18 for more exercises.
More Exercises for Practice
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Review of Verb Tenses:
Link 19
Link 20
Link 21