Transcript PowerPoint 演示文稿

英语国家概况
Survey of Britain & America
主讲教师：钟敏
E-mail: [email protected]
Exchanging Platform: http://pett.gxtc.edu.cn/
Motto
If
I tell you, you will
forget; If I teach you,
you will remember; If
I involved you, you will
understand.

Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day,
teach a man to fish and he will eat forever!
Britain
Big Ben
Tower Bridge
London Eye
Buckingham Palace
British Museum
University of Cambridge
Britain
Part One
Geography
Chapter I: A Brief Introduction to Physical Geography
I. Different Names for Britain and
its Parts

1.Geographical names:
 the British Isles, Great Britain and England.

2.Official name:
 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.

3.The British Isles are made up of
 two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one)
and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.
II.
Geographical
Features
II. Geographical Features
Britain is an island country. It lies in the
north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast
of Europe. It is separated from the rest of
Europe by the English Channel in the
south and the North Sea in the east. The
English Channel between England and
France is quit narrow and the narrowest
part is called the Straits of Dover, which
is only 33 km across. Britain covers an
area of 244,100 square km.
Three
political
divisions
on the
island of
Great
Britain
Great Britain is made up of:

England - The capital is London.
 Scotland - The capital is Edinburgh .
 Wales - The capital is Cardiff.
England occupies the largest. It has an area of
more than 130,000 square kilometers which takes
up nearly 60% of the whole island. The Pennines
are the principal mountain chain.
Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers.
It is in the north of Great Britain. There are three
natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the
central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands. Ben
Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m) is
located here. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.
Wales is in the west of Great Britain. It has
an area of 20,761 square kilometers which
takes up less than 9% of the whole island.
Most of Wales is mountainous. 6% of
Wales is covered with forest and much of
the country is pasture——land for sheep
and cattle. Only 12% of the land is arable.
Snowdonia (1,085m) in the northwest is
the highest mountain in Wales. The capital
of Wales is Cardiff.
Northern Ireland takes up the northern
fifth of Ireland and an area of 14, 147
square kilometers. Belfast is the capital of
Northern Ireland.
the Giant's Causeway
Summary: Three political divisions on
the island of Great Britain
 England, Scotland and Wales.
 (1) England is in the southern part
of
Great Britain. It is the largest, most
populous section.
 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great
Britain. It has three natural zones (the
Highlands in the north; the Central
lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital:
Edinburgh
 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain.
Capital: Cardiff
III. Climate
When we say climate ewe mean the
average weather conditions at a certain
place over a period of year. Britain has a
favorable maritime climate---winters are
mild, not too cold and summers are cool,
not too hot, and it has a steady reliable
rainfall throughout the whole year. It has
a small range of temperature. The
average temperature in winter in the
north is 4-6 degrees C. and in summer in
the south is 12-17 degrees C.
Best months to travel to England

Probably the best months to travel in England
are May, June, September and October. These
months generally have the most pleasant
temperatures and less rain. July and August are the
warmest months, but they are also the wettest. The
sunniest parts of the Britain are along the south
coast of England.
IV. Rivers
The longest river is the Severn River
which is only 338 kilometers long. The
second largest and most important river
in Britain is the Thames River. Clyde is
the most important river in Scotland.
Map showing main UK rivers
Chapter II Natural Resources
Water
Fuels
Nuclear power stations
Metal Ores
Tin ore
Lead ores
Copper
Saline Deposits
Useful Rocks limestone
Chapter III: Economy
I. The Evolution of the British Economy
since the War
II. Resources and Industries
1. Coal, oil and natural gas
2. Iron and steel
3. Textile
4. shipbuilding
5. Motor vehicle
6. New industries
III. Agriculture
It is highly mechanized. In Britain only 3% of
the population are farmers but they manage
70% of the land area. They talk bout
technological farming. The new farming has
been called “agribusiness” .
IV. Foreign Trade
Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the
world. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with other
developed countries. Which accounts for 79% of
exports and 85% of imports. About half of the
trade is with the EC.
Chapter IV: The People
1. Population distribution ：
Britain has a population of 57,411,000. This is a
very large population for such a small country.
So it is a densely populated country with an
average of 237 people per square kilometer and it
is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the
population is urban and only 10% is rural. The
population of Britain is made up mainly of the
English (81.5%), the Scottish (9.6%), the Welsh
(1.9%), the Irish (2.4%), the Northern Irish
(1.8%) and other peoples (2.8%).
2.The difference between the ancestors of the
English and Scots, Welsh and Irish:
 The
ancestors of the English are
Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh and
Irish are Celts.
3.The difference in character
 The Welsh
are emotional and cheerful
people. They are music lovers and are
proud of their past.
 The Scots are said to be a serious,
cautious and thrifty people, and they are
also hospitable, generous and friendly.
 The Irish are charm and vivacity.
4.The difference in speech between
southern England and northern England:
Southerners speak the type of English
close to BBC English; In northern
England, regional speech is usually
"broader" than that of southern
England.
5.The Welsh keep their language
and culture in this way:

Throughout the year they have festivals of
song and dance and poetry called
Eisteddfodau. The great event of the year is
the National Eisteddfod. On these occasions
competitions are held in Welsh poetry,
music, singing and art.
6.The main problem in Northern
Ireland:
 The
fight between the Protestants who
are the dominant group, and the
Roman Catholics, who are seeking
more social, political and economic
opportunities.
7.Immigrants:
 About
three million have come to
Britain to live and find work since World
War II.
Chapter V: The Main Cities
London
Birmingham
Glasgow
Liverpool
Manchester
Cardiff
Edinburgh
Belfast
Glasgow
Belfast
Houses of Parliament viewed from the London Eye.
Edinburgh Castle
Cardiff
Homework

Choose one of the questions after each
chapter and answer the question on our
Exchanging Platform:
http://pett.gxtc.edu.cn/.