Transcript 19 - Brazosport College

Lab 4
• Anatomy of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
• Identification of major blood vessels
• Blood Flow
• Lymphatic System
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Venous system
Large veins
(capacitance
vessels)
Small veins
(capacitance
vessels)
Postcapillary
venule
Thoroughfare
channel
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Arterial system
Heart
Large
lymphatic
vessels
Lymph
node
Lymphatic
system
Arteriovenous
anastomosis
Elastic arteries
(conducting
vessels)
Muscular arteries
(distributing
vessels)
Lymphatic
Sinusoid
capillary
Arterioles
(resistance vessels)
Terminal arteriole
Metarteriole
Precapillary sphincter
Capillaries
(exchange vessels)
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Figure 19.2
Tunica intima
• Endothelium
• Subendothelial layer
Internal elastic lamina
Tunica media
(smooth muscle and
elastic fibers)
External elastic lamina
Tunica externa
(collagen fibers)
Lumen
Artery
(b)
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Capillary
network
Valve
Lumen
Vein
Basement membrane
Endothelial cells
Capillary
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Figure 19.1b
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Table 19.1 (1 of 2)
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Table 19.1 (2 of 2)
Systolic pressure
Mean pressure
Diastolic
pressure
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Figure 19.6
Factors Aiding Venous Return
1. Respiratory “pump”: pressure changes
created during breathing move blood toward
the heart by squeezing abdominal veins as
thoracic veins expand
2. Muscular “pump”: contraction of skeletal
muscles “milk” blood toward the heart and
valves prevent backflow
3. Vasoconstriction of veins under sympathetic
control
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Valve (open)
Contracted
skeletal
muscle
Valve (closed)
Vein
Direction of
blood flow
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Figure 19.7
Blood Pressure
• What is blood pressure?
• How is it measured?
• Where is it measured?
• Systolic vs. Diastolic?
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Lymphatic System
•
Consists of three parts
1. A network of lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)
2. Lymph
3. Lymph nodes
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Lymphatic System: Functions
• Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
• Once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is
called lymph
• Together with lymphoid organs and tissues,
provide the structural basis of the immune
system
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Regional
lymph nodes:
Cervical nodes
Internal jugular vein
Entrance of right
lymphatic duct into vein
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Axillary nodes
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Aorta
Inguinal nodes
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
Drained by the right
lymphatic duct
Drained by the
thoracic duct
(a) General distribution of lymphatic collecting vessels
and regional lymph nodes.
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Figure 20.2a
Venous system
Arterial system
Heart
Lymphatic
system:
Lymph duct
Lymph trunk
Lymph node
Lymphatic
collecting vessels,
with valves
Blood
capillaries
Lymphatic
capillary
Tissue
fluid
Tissue cell Blood
Lymphatic
capillaries
capillaries
(a) Structural relationship between a
capillary bed of the blood vascular
system and lymphatic capillaries.
Filaments anchored
to connective tissue
Endothelial cell
Flaplike minivalve
Fibroblast in loose
connective tissue
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(b) Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended tubes in which
adjacent endothelial cells overlap each other,
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forming flaplike minivalves.
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Figure 20.1
Right jugular trunk
Right lymphatic duct
Right subclavian trunk
Right subclavian vein
Internal jugular veins
Esophagus
Trachea
Left subclavian trunk
Left jugular trunk
Right bronchomediastinal trunk
Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian vein
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Left bronchomediastinal
trunk
Ribs
Thoracic duct
Hemiazygos vein
Azygos vein
Cisterna chyli
Right lumbar trunk
Left lumbar trunk
Inferior vena cava
Intestinal trunk
(b) Major lymphatic trunks and ducts in relation to veins and
surrounding structures. Anterior view of thoracic and abdominal wall.
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Figure 20.2b
Lymph Transport
• Lymph is propelled by
• Pulsations of nearby arteries
• Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of
the lymphatics
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Lymph Nodes
• Principal lymphoid organs of the body
• Embedded in connective tissue, in clusters
along lymphatic vessels
• Near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and
cervical regions of the body
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Cortex
• Lymphoid follicle
• Germinal center
• Subcapsular sinus
Afferent lymphatic
vessels
Efferent lymphatic
vessels
Hilum
Medulla:
• Medullary cord
• Medullary sinus
Trabeculae
Capsule
(a) Longitudinal view of the internal structure of a lymph
node and associated lymphatics
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Figure 20.4a
Regional
lymph nodes:
Cervical nodes
Internal jugular vein
Entrance of right
lymphatic duct into vein
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Axillary nodes
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Aorta
Inguinal nodes
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
Drained by the right
lymphatic duct
Drained by the
thoracic duct
(a) General distribution of lymphatic collecting vessels
and regional lymph nodes.
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Figure 20.2a
Figure 20.5 Lymphoid organs.
Tonsils (in pharyngeal
region)
Thymus (in thorax; most
active during youth)
Spleen (curves around
left side of stomach)
Peyer’s patches
(in intestine)
Appendix
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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