Transcript PROGRESSIVE REFORM Chapter 9

PROGRESSIVE REFORM
Chapter 9
1890-1920
Origins of Progressivism
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Socialist: Economic and political philosophy
favoring public or government control.
Wanted wealth distributed equally.
Union Members/Labor Movement: Wanted
economic change, but focused on workers
rights.
Municipal Reformers: Wanted reform in civil
services. Based on merit instead of favors to
eliminate government corruption.
Muckrakers
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Definition: Journalists that alerted the public of
wrongdoings in government or businesses.
Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil,
political corruption in cities, etc.
The Jungle: Book published in 1906 by Upton
Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing
industry.
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Excerpt from The Jungle
Ida Tarbell: revealed the abuses of Standard Oil trust
Jane Addams and Florence Kelley: improve labor
conditions
Goals of Progressives
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Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but
did want to clean the government up of corruption
and improve life of the common man.
Most Progressives believed that Government should
be accountable to it’s citizens
Government must get more involved in economic and
social programs.
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Labor laws
Insurance
Unemployment
Social Security
Other social reforms that would ensure a basic standard of
living
Some did not like the government control in their lives and
resisted progressive reforms
Progressive Legislation
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Urban Reforms:
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Most progressive reforms occurred at this level
“Old” Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the
Reformers were successful, sometimes not.
City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies.
Welfare Services
State Reforms
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Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters
more say in lawmaking
Working conditions improved
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Safer working conditions
Labor laws
Accident insurance
Federal Reforms
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Regulate food and drug industries
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Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 (make sure that impure
food is not transported and make sure food is properly
labeled)
Regulate the railroads
Anti-trust Activism: prevent large companies from
taking control of smaller companies and creating
monopolies
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Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890
Clayton Anti Trust Act: 1914 (Passed to strengthen the
Sherman Anti-Trust Act)
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Spelled out specifically what business could not do
Federal Government regulate business. From this, the Federal
Trade Commission was created to help in doing this.
Federal Reforms
(Cont.)
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New Labor Department that would benefit women
and children.
New Constitutional Amendments
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16th Amendment (1913): Collect income tax
17th Amendment (1913): Election of Senators (people, not
legislators elect senators)
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Help end corruption by giving people more say in lawmaking
18th Amendment (1919): Prohibition
Environment Protection
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National Parks
Land and water use
See page 294 in text book
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Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”
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Government intervention
Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners
and miners
Became a slogan for his presidency
Progressive Presidents
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Theodore Roosevelt
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New Nationalism
Howard Taft
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Carried on TR’s reforms, but not as successful as
TR and a division in the Republican party
developed
Theodore Roosevelt/ Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt
Election of 1912
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4 Way Election
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Howard Taft: Republican Candidate
Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive (Bull Moose)
Candidate
Eugene V. Debs: Socialist Candidate
Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Candidate
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New Freedom Policy: Wanted reform, but criticized big
business and big government
Won the election due to Republican split
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson’s Policies
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Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914: Set
up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust laws.
Federal Reserve System in 1913: Banking rules and
federal national currency (Federal Reserve note).
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Helped reorganize federal banking system
Federal Farm Loan Board: Loans to farmers at a
reduced rate.
Less active in social policies such as racial or sexual
equality.
End to Progressivism
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Ended in August 1914 when WWI broke out in
Europe and people focused on war, not reform.
Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had
its limitations.
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Focused on cities
Problems of tenant and migrant farmers not addressed
Non-union workers not represented
Support Imperialism
Limited to mainly white/male population
Fight that Remained
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Suffrage for Women (section 4)
Early Advancements
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Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848)
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Outlined their demands related to women’s rights
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Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Newspaper article
Worked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for women
Jailed and fined for efforts to advance women’s
rights
Susan B. Anthony arrested for attempting to vote
in 1872
Formed the National American Woman
Suffrage Association (NAWSA) 1892
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By 1900, women earned the right to…
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Buy, sell, and will property
Many started to demand the right to vote under
the 14th and 15th Amendment
Anti suffrage movement began
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Women had enough power without the right to
vote
Would make women too masculine
Women would vote for prohibition
Attempts at Suffrage
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Get an amendment to the Constitution passed
Get the individual states to allow women to vote
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More successful, especially early, and especially in the
West
Congress either stalled the vote or did not recognize
the bill
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1868-1st attempt
1878-2nd attempt
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Not debated until 1887
Bill introduced every year after that until 1896, then
disappeared
Resurfaced again in 1913
Suffrage in the 1910’s
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Women voting was becoming more accepted
Needed new leadership to reorganize and push
through legislation
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Carrie Chapman Catt
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns
Used parades to communicate messages
Split in the suffrage movement
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Congressional Union (CU): Alice Paul and Lucy Burns
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Militant, aggressive
Due to extremists actions, jailed
NAWSA: Carrie Chapman Catt
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Condemned the CU
Suffrage At Last!
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By 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million
members
Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for
women’s suffrage
WWI halted women’s movement
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WWI set aside the the argument about separate
spheres for men and women, but the fight
remained
1918: Congress proposed the Women’s
Suffrage Amendment
Tennessee became the necessary 36th state to
ratify
August 24, 1920:
19th Amendment Ratified
Michigan Department of Education
High School Content Expectations
U.S. History and Geography
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6.3.2a
6.3.2b
6.3.2c
6.3.2d
6.3.2e
6.3.3