Transcript No Slide Title

The Progressive Era,
1890–1920
The nation faces
social and political
problems at the turn
of the 20th century.
People work in
various ways to
solve these
problems.
President Theodore
Roosevelt delivering a
speech.
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The Progressive Era,
1890–1920
SECTION 1
Roosevelt and Progressivism
SECTION 2
Taft and Wilson as Progressives
SECTION 3
Women Win New Rights
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Section 1
Roosevelt and
Progressivism
Reformers try to solve the problems of the
cities. They gain a champion in
Theodore Roosevelt.
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SECTION
1
Roosevelt and Progressivism
The Rise of Progressivism
• Rapid growth of U.S. cities brings many
problems, including:
- poverty
- spread of slums
- poor conditions in factories
• Reform movements organize, believe in goodness
of people, democracy
• Reform movements come to be grouped under the
label progressivism.
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued
The Rise of Progressivism
• Writers called muckrakers expose corruption, create
demand for reform
• Progressive reformers share at least 1 of 3
basic goals:
- reform government, expand democracy
- promote social welfare
- create economic reform
Image
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SECTION
1
Reforming Government and
Expanding Democracy
• Patronage—elected officials give jobs, contracts for
political support
• Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883):
- requires people to take civil service exam for
certain government jobs
- stops officials from firing civil service workers for
political reasons
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued
Reforming Government and Expanding Democracy
• Wisconsin becomes first state to establish a direct
primary
• Direct primary—voters not party choose
candidates
• Newspaper editor William S. U’Ren promotes 3
more reforms:
- initiative—allows voters to propose a law directly
- referendum—proposed law is submitted to vote
of the people
- recall—allows people to vote an official out of
office
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1
Promoting Social Welfare
• Movements deal with poverty, unemployment, bad
working conditions
• Jane Addams helps poor at Hull House, helps
unemployed
• Florence Kelley pushes for minimum wage laws,
limits on working hours
• Prohibitionists work to prevent alcohol from ruining
people’s lives
Image
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Creating Economic Reform
• Economic reform limits, regulates big business
• Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890:
- illegal for corporations to use trusts to gain
control of industries
- government does not enforce law at first
• Enforcement requires a strong president
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SECTION
1
Roosevelt and the Square Deal
• Theodore Roosevelt—1st progressive
U.S. president
• Runs on Republican ticket, President McKinley’s
vice president (1900)
• After inauguration, McKinley killed, Roosevelt
becomes president
• Sees government as an umpire:
- ensure fairness, “square deal” for workers,
consumers, big business
• Uses Sherman Antitrust Act to bust up railroad trust,
Standard Oil
• U.S. government files suit against 44 corporations
Image
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1
Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms
• Voters pressure senators, representatives to pass
reforms
• Roosevelt signs Meat Inspection Act (1906):
- creates government meat inspection program
• Signs Pure Food and Drug Act:
- bans the sale of impure foods and medicines
• Does not take political risk by leading fight for civil
rights
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Conservation
• Roosevelt, a strong crusader for conservation
• Conservation—controlling the use of America’s
natural resources
• Sets up 1st wildlife refuge, doubles number of U.S.
national parks
• Uses Antiquities Act to preserve the Grand Canyon,
Petrified Forest
Map
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Section 2
Taft and Wilson as
Progressives
Progressive reforms continue under William
Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
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SECTION
2
Taft and Wilson as Progressives
Taft and Progressivism
• Republican William Howard Taft wins presidential
election (1908)
• Continues Roosevelt’s attack on trusts, addresses
progressive goals:
- democracy, social welfare, economic reform
• Receives less credit because of alliance with
conservative Republicans
Image
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Two Progressive Amendments
• Sixteenth Amendment (1909):
- gives Congress power to create income taxes
- spreads cost of running government among
more people
• Seventeenth Amendment (1913):
- provides direct election of U.S. senators by voters
in each state
- senators no longer can obtain positions through
corrupt bargains
Chart
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The Election of 1912
• Conservative Republicans back President Taft, wins
party’s nomination
• Progressive Republicans back Theodore Roosevelt,
form Bull Moose Party
• Democrats choose Governor Woodrow Wilson as
presidential candidate
• Eugene Debs enters presidential race as
Socialist candidate
• Republicans deeply divided, Wilson wins
the election
Chart
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The Wilson Presidency
• Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):
- sets rules forbidding business practices that
lessen competition
- gives government more power to regulate trusts
- allows labor unions, farm organizations to
merge, expand
- limits power of courts to force workers to
end strikes
- legalizes labor tactics like strikes,
picketing, boycotts
Continued . . .
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2
continued
The Wilson Presidency
• Federal Reserve Act (1913):
- improves nation’s monetary, banking system
- allows banks to control money supplies
• Wilson approves segregation of black, white
federal employees
• Does not promote civil rights for African Americans
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SECTION
2
The Eighteenth Amendment
• Supporters of prohibition gain strength during
Wilson’s presidency
• Congress passes 18th Amendment (1917):
- prohibits manufacture, sale of
alcoholic beverages
Chart
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Section 3
Women Win New Rights
Women become leaders in social reform
movements and win the right to vote
during the Progressive Era.
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SECTION
3
Women Win New Rights
New Roles for Women
• Technological advances reduce work at home,
families get smaller
• Schools offer courses that teach women latest
homemaking methods
• More women take jobs in factories, offices, stores
• Some get college education, pursue professions
like nursing, teaching
• If financially possible, women expected to quit jobs
when they marry
Image
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Women Progressives
• Partake in social reform movements that
help others
• Jane Addams starts Hull House, helps immigrants,
unemployed find jobs
• Hull House provides day nurseries, training for
public services
• Carry Nation campaigns for prohibition, helps
passage 18th Amendment
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3
Suffrage for Women
• 2 woman suffrage groups merge
• Form National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton is 1st president
• Susan B. Anthony becomes group’s
president (1892)
• NAWSA focuses on state campaigns to win right
to vote
• By 1914, 11 Western states approved suffrage
Map
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3
The Nineteenth Amendment
• Tide turns in favor of woman suffrage, U.S. enters
WW I (1917)
• Carrie Chapman Catt president of NAWSA
• Catt argues U.S. cannot deny vote to women who
support war effort
• President Wilson urges Senate to pass woman
suffrage amendment
• U.S. states ratify Nineteenth Amendment (1920):
- gives women full voting rights
Image
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