Transcript FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALS

Tomislav Skračić, MA
Undergraduate English
Course for
MARINE ENGINEERS
2nd Semester
Essential reading:
SPINČIĆ, A., An English Textbook For Marine
Engineers I., Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2008.
LUZER, J., SPINČIĆ, A., Gramatička vježbenica
engleskog jezika za pomorce, Pomorski
fakultet, Rijeka 2003.
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Ferrous metals
a) iron
b) steel
c) pig iron
d) cast iron
e) forged iron
- željezni metali
- željezo
- čelik
- sirovo željezo
- lijevano željezo
- kovano željezo
Non-ferrous metals
a) copper and alloys
b) aluminium
c) zinc
d) tin
e) lead
- obojani metali
- bakar i slitine
- aluminij
- cink
- kositar
- olovo
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
alloy (n.)
- legura
a) brasses
- mjedi, mesingi
b) bronzes
- bronce (e.g. aluminium bronze,
manganese bronze, phosphor bronze)
c) cupro-nickel alloys
- slitine bakra i nikla
rubber (n.)
epoxy (n.)
lignum vitae
iron ore
limestone (n.)
coke (n.)
blast furnace
- guma, kaučuk
- epoksidna smola
- sveto drvo, "lenjo santo"
- željezna ruda
- vapnenac, krčenjak
- koks
- visoka peć
Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
impurities
a) carbon
b) silicon
c) manganese
d) sulphur
mould (n.)
open hearth process
open hearth furnace
impact strength
fine-grained
vanadium (n.)
tungsten (n.)
high-speed steel
- nečistoće
- ugljik
- silicij, kremen
- mangan
- sumpor
- kalup, odljev
- Siemens-Martinov tehnološki postupak
- Siemens-Martinova peć
- čvrtoća na udar
- sitnozrnati
- vanadij
- volfram
- brzorezni čelik (visokologerani čelik)
Al
C
Cr
Cu
Fe
Mg
Mn
Mo
Ni
O
= aluminium
= carbon
= chromium
= copper
= ferrum (iron)
= magnesium
= manganese
= molybdenum
= nickel
= oxygen
P
Pb
S
Sb
Si
Sn
Ti
V
W
Zn
= phosphor
= lead
= sulphur
= antimony
= silicon
= tin
= titanium
= vanadium
= tungsten
= zinc
IRON MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Iron ores are first prepared by crushing, screening
and roasting with limestone and coke. A mixture of
ore, coke and limestone is used to fill the blast
furnace. Within the furnace an intense heat is
generated as a result of the coke burning. Blasts of
air entering the furnace towards the base assist in
this burning process.
 The iron ore is reduced to iron and falls to the
base of the furnace, becoming molten as it falls.
Variors impurities, such as carbon, silicon,
manganese and sulphur are absorbed by the iron as
it descends. The molten iron runs into moulds to
make bars of pig iron.
STEEL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 Cast iron is produced by remelting pig iron under
controlled conditions in a miniature type of blast
furnace known as a cupola.
 Making iron is the first stage in the production of
steel.
 Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. Various other
metals are alloyed to steel in order to improve its
properties, i.e. reach a higher tensile strength, yield
point, endurance limit and impact strength.
steel (n.)
elastic steel
carbon steel
cast steel
- čelik
- elastični, opružni čelik
- ugljični čelik
- lijevani čelik
corrosion-resistant steel - čelik otporan na koroziju
fine-grained steel
- brzorezni čelik
stainless steel
- nerđajući čelik
temperature-resistant steel - čelik otporan na visoku temp.
Special steels
Metal and amounts
in %
1. Stainless steel
Ni 8%, Cr 18 %
2. High-speed steel
W 12 - 18%, Cr 5%
3. Temperature-resistant steel
Mo 1%
4. Fatigue-resistant steel
V 1%
5. Wear-resistant steel
Mn 11 - 14%
6. Corrosion / erosion-resistant Cr 13 - 18%
steel
7. Fine-grained steel
Ni 3 - 3.75%
8. Elastic steel
Si 0.5 - 3.5%
QUESTIONS
1. What is pig iron?
2. Does pig iron have the same components and
properties of cast iron? (NO. Pig iron = 4-5% C + S + Si + P
+ impurities. Cast iron = 2-7% C + Si + Mn, very hard, brittle,
not malleable)
3. How is cast iron made?
4. How may steel be defined?
5. How is it produced?
NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS play an
important part in engineering constructions due to their
wide range of properties and they are often adapted to
uses to which iron alloys and steel cannot be applied.
Nonferrous
metal
Physical properties
Colour
Other
Lightness,
good
conductivity
aluminium
Whitish with
bluish cast
copper
Good
Redish with
conductivity,
brownish cast resistance to
corrosion
Mechanical
properties
Softness,
ducitility,
malleability
Alloys, car &
air-craft
industry
Soft,
malleable
Forms many
useful alloys
(brasses,
bronzes...)
Malleable,
Electrodes,
soft, but little
cables, paints
ductility
Soft,
malleable,
ductile
lead
Grey
Resistant to
corrosion
tin
White,
lustruos
Resistant to
corrosion
Bluish-white
Ductile,
Non corrosive
malleable
zinc
Application
Coating for
steel; alloys
(white metal)
Galvanizing,
alloys, piping
industry...
BRASS
 Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
 Types of brass: admiralty brass, aluminum brass...
 Admiralty brass is used for tube plants and tubes for
condensers
 Aluminium brass is used for tube plates and tubes for
condensers and heat exchangers.
BRONZE
 Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper,
usually with tin as the main additive.
 Bronze alloys include typically 88% copper and 12% tin
 Types of bronze: aluminium bronze, phosphor bronze,
manganese bronze, gunmetal...
 In industry bronze is used for bearings and springs.
Gunmetal is used for valves and bearing bushes.
WHITE METAL
The most important tin-based alloy with amounts of lead,
copper and antimony is the so-called white metal used
as a lining material for bearings.
FINAL QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Describe briefly the iron manufacturing process.
What are non-ferrous metals?
What is “white metal”? Where is it employed?
What is “galvanizing”?
What is gunmetal? What is it used for?
What is steel?
What engine parts are made from steel?