Transcript English Grammar - Inquiring Minds 2011

Parts Of Speech
Sentence Writing
Strategy!
Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns
Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
Word that names
• A Person
A
Place
 A Thing
 An Idea
Noun
Noun Grammar Rock
Kinds of Nouns
Common Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Nouns
boy
girl
Singular Possessive
boy’s
girl’s
Proper Nouns
John
Mary
Plural Nouns
boys
girls
Plural Possessive
boys’
girls’
Noun Evaluation
Answer the following prompt using the TIES
strategy.
Describe your favorite place.
Noun Evaluation
Write at least 5 sentences.
Include :
1 proper noun
2 plural nouns
2 singular nouns
Noun Practice
Describe your favorite place.
 Name, date, and period
3 points
Ex: Jim Smith, 9/23/11, period 2
 Indent and write your paragraph
12
My favorite place is Maui, Hawaii for several reasons.
 Identify nouns used at the bottom of the paper :
 1 Proper
 2 Singular
 2 Plural
 20 points
Adjectives
Adjective Grammar Rock
Describes a
noun or pronoun.
Did you lose your address
book?
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
Answers these questions:
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence is a
sentence that is made up
of one independent
clause.
Independent Clause
A group of words that
makes a complete statement
and can stand alone.
•
It must have a subject and
a verb.
•
Subject
The subject is the:
 person
 place
 thing
 quality
 idea
the sentence is about .
The verb is the part of the
sentence that shows the
subject’s action or state of
being.
Action
Every sentence must have
a
Verb
Action Verb
A word that shows the
action of the subject
of the sentence.
Action Verbs
• Action verbs express
mental or physical action.
He rode the horse to
victory.
He dreamed about
winning the Kentucky
Derby.
Action Verbs
Physical Actions
Tom sleeps all day.
The hamsters play.
A raindrop fell.
The girl kicked the ball.
Terry watered the plants.
Action Verbs
Mental Actions
The boy wants a new ball.
Jenna thought about the test.
Mary dreams at night.
The girl loves to go to the
park.
He wondered about the
answer to that question.
Linking Verbs
Linking verbs make a statement
by connecting the subject with a
word that describes or explains it.
He is sick.
George Washington was a president.
Linking Verbs Practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The sun is bright.
The day was hot.
Paul was cold.
The cows are hungry.
I am sad.
Susan was nice.
Today is my birthday.
The trees are tall.
The glass is full
The puppies are cute.
Helping Verbs
Words that help the
main verb show the
action in a sentence.
The three people
are singing songs.
The quarterback
will throw the ball.
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
Be
Do
Being Does
Been Did Can
Could
Will
Has
Shall
Have
Might
Had
May
Must
Would
Should
Could
Memorize the
helping/linking verbs
Test will be on Thursday January
26th.
Action and Helping Verbs
Practice
v
1. Everyone should stay and help.
v
2. They were walking
v to the car.
3. The girls were calling their parents.
v
4. They were shoveling the snow all
v
day.
5. After the storm, the wind was blowing
trash everywhere.
Infinitive
Any verb that has the word to in
front of it is an infinitive.
An infinitive is never
the verb of the subject.
Examples:
to go
to run
to buy
to see
Derek likes to go running in the morning.
Infinitive Form
of Verbs
S
V
Nancy wanted to
I
her friends.
S
V
I
Billy learned to spell in first grade.
I
S
V to win the game.
The Wildcats hope
S V
I
I looked in the book to find the
answer.
S
V
I
Terry prepared to sail across the lake.
Infinitive, Action, Linking, and Helping Verbs Assignment
Write the sentence on your paper. Circle the verb phrase,
underline the helping verbs and cross out the infinitives.
1. A storm was coming from the west.
2. Tom’s dad would drive them home.
3. They did not want to go to school.
4. The snow should stop by noon.
5. His dad told him to wait by the radio.
Infinitive, Action, Linking, and Helping Verbs Assignment
Write each sentence on your paper. Circle the verb phrase. Underline the helping verbs
and cross out the infinitives.
7. The children were waiting to play in
the snow.
8. Martha was listening to the radio.
9. They were hoping for a snow day.
10. School would be in session that day.
11. The teachers were planning fun lessons.
12. They wanted the students to learn about
safety.
Prepositions
What are prepositions?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4jIC5HLBdM
A word that shows the relationship
of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence.
A prepositional phrase is a phrase that begins
with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
It shows the where, when, how, or why of the action.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition
never stands alone!
object of
preposition
preposition
object
You can press those leaves under glass.
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
It happened during the last examination.
Some Common Prepositions
about
above
across
after
against
among
around
at
before
behind
beside
between
by
down
during
except
for
from
in
near
off
of
on
over
through
to
toward
under
up
with
Preposition Practice
1. The train raced through the tunnel.
2. No one worked during the strike.
S
V
P
P
The rainbow appeared in full color after the storm.
Complete the practice sheet.
Example Set 1
s V
1. Jane went to the pool.
s
2. Paul V
is a very nice guy.
s V
3. Cakes lined the store window.
sV
4. I love chocolate ice cream.
s are
V very expensive.
5. Bikes
s
V
6. Dad is strict.
s V
7. Bananas taste good.
s V
8. Kathy
has a son named Jimmy.
s
V
9. Raccoons raid our garbage cans every night.
s V
10. Flowers are in bloom everywhere.
Example Set II
s
V
1. The old gray mare limped down the lane.
s
V
2. The silver-winged plane soared.
s
V
3. Johnny’s baby sister cried for hours.
s
V
4. The first three girls giggled.
s
V
5. Fourteen good pilots died in the war.
Example Set III
1.
2.
3.
V
S
The bus must have gone by now.
V
S
My best friend could not work tonight.
S
The light green grapes have been eaten.
V
S
4.
5.
V
The committee of environmentalists is working to solve the
smog problem.
S
V
Steven’s aunt is not following the directions.
Example Set IV
1.
V
S
S
Bill and Sue want to go to the movies.
S
V
S
2.
Jason and his friends work together.
3.
S parked outside.
S and truck
Are the car
4.
V
S
S
The park and sidewalks are covered with snow.
5.
V
S
S
V
Hiding and seeking are fun activities.
Example Set V
1.
2.
3.
S
V
V
Sally swam and played all afternoon.
V
S
V
The dogs had barked all night and slept all day.
V
S
V home yesterday and did not work all
Michelle came
day.
4.
5.
V
S V
The basketball team rode on a bus and flew in a
plane to attend the game.
V
S V
The park is dark and spooky at night and can be
delightful on sunny days.
Example Set VI
1.
2.
3.
4.
V
V
S
S
The ponies and calves scampered and played in the
field.
V
S
S
Kathy and her father do not like to play tennis and
V
hate to jog.
S
S V
The Army and the Navy had a football game and
V the stadium.
filled
V
V
S
S
Parties and dances are usually fun and can be
exciting.
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
Pronouns
Pronoun Grammar Rock
Pronouns
Pronouns are words used in place of
nouns.
Personal Pronouns:
I, we, they, he, her,….
Pronouns
Antecedents
The word that a pronoun
replaces is called the
antecedent.
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns do not
have a specific antecedent.
indefinite pronouns:
each, either, one, everybody, all, any,
most, none, some
Subject Pronouns
A subject pronoun is used as the
subject in a sentence.
Verb Skill Assessment
Rough Draft
Write a paragraph about a sport that
you enjoy playing or a sporting event
you enjoy watching.
Your paragraph should be at least
5 sentences long and include at least 5
verbs or
verb phrases.
Underline all the verbs in your story.
Object Pronouns
An object pronoun can be used
as the object of a verb or the
object of a preposition.
Modifies or describes
a verb, an adjective,
or another adverb.
Answers the questions:
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot!
To what degree or how much?
Adverbs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWYmEICNgOQ
Adverbs
The boy and the girl skipped
happily down the road.
Bill and Ted skillfully rode their
skateboards down the ramp.
Adverb Worksheet
Cross out any infinitives (the word “to”
with a verb after it) and write an I above
them. Mark each verb with a V. Mark
each subject with an S. Draw a line under
each adverb. Cross out any prepositional
phrases and write a P above them.
S
V
Emily bravely gave her speech into the microphone.
The Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words
or groups of words.
There are coordinating conjunctions and
subordinating conjunctions.
or
nor
The Interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses
emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
sunset!
U = You
C = Cross out prepositions
L = Look for the action word(s)
A = Ask yourself who or what is
doing the action
Compound Sentence
• A compound sentence has two or more
independent clauses.
• A comma and a coordinating conjunction
can separate the two independent clauses.
• A semicolon can be used to separate
independent clauses.
Compound Sentence Examples -
,
coordinating conjunction
• The students finished class, and they went
to lunch.
• Kevin did not want to hurt Kathy’s feelings,
so he said nothing about her mistake.
• I want to see my son soon, for he has been
in Europe for four months.
Compound Sentence
Semicolons
;
• Susan loves to swim; her brother likes to
dive.
• Jason was highly respected; he was always
such a responsible person.
• The meeting was over; it was already
midnight.
Coordinating Conjunctions
• For - means the same as because
They built a fire, for they needed to warm up.
• And - is used to show that two ideas are
equally important
The snow was falling, and the wind was howling.
• Nor - is used to introduce the second clause
of a negative statement
Mary was not at the game, nor was she at the party.
Coordinating Conjunctions
• But - is used to show contrast
Sue wanted to go to the game, but she had to work.
• Or - joins two ideas when there is a choice between
them
You have to finish your homework, or you will not go to the
concert.
Coordinating Conjunctions
• Yet - is used to show contrast
They ran all the way to school, yet they were late any way.
• So - is used to show the second clause is the
result of the first
Mary turned on the oven, so the cake would bake.