Transcript Slide 1
Introduction to
Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operations
CAFOs
Christina Richmond
West Virginia Department of
Agriculture
Outline
What is an Animal Feeding Operation?
CAFO Updates
Pasture Based Cattle Operations
Nutrient Management and Recordkeeping
Technical Assistance
Chesapeake Bay
ORSANCO
The Future
Animal Feeding Operation (AFO)
Your operation is an animal
feeding operation (AFO) if
animals are stabled or confined and
fed or maintained for a total of 45
days or more in a 12 month period
and
where crops, vegetation, forage
growth, or post-harvest residues are
not sustained in the normal growing
season over any portion of the lot or
facility
Animals needed to be defined a Large CAFO
700 mature dairy
cows
1,000 beef cattle
1,000 veal calves
10,000 sheep or
lambs
500 horses
2,000 swine (>55
lbs.)
10,000 swine (<55
lbs.)
30,000 ducks (nonliquid storage)
5,000 ducks (liquid
manure storage)
30,000 laying hens
or broilers (liquid
manure storage)
125,000 broilers
(dry manure
storage)
82,000 laying hens
(dry manure
storage)
55,000 turkeys
Animals needed to be defined a Medium CAFO
200 mature dairy
cows
300 beef cattle
300 veal calves
750 swine (>55 lbs.)
3,000 swine (<55
lbs.)
3,000 sheep or lambs
150 horses
10,000 ducks (non
liquid manure
handling)
1,500 ducks (liquid
manure handling)
9,000 laying hens
or broilers (liquid
manure)
37,500 broilers
(dry manure)
25,000 laying hens
(dry)
16,500 turkeys
The final part of the puzzle
Pollutants are discharged into waters of
the State from production areas through a
man-made ditch, flushing system, or other
man-made device;
OR
Pollutants are discharged directly into
waters of the State that originate outside
a production area and pass over, across or
through production areas or otherwise
come into direct contact with the confined
animals.
Designated CAFO
Any AFO may be
designated as a CAFO by
the Director of Water and
Waste Management, no
matter what the number
of confined animals or
the size of operation.
Six steps the West Virginia Department
of Environmental Protection must take
to designate an AFO a CAFO
Must be a Significant
contributor of pollution
Inspection
Size of operation
Amount of waste reaching
stream
AFO location relative to
stream
Means of conveyance of
waste to stream
Slope, vegetation,
rainfall, other relevant
factors
Pasture Based Cattle Operations
Pasture Cattle Operations
A pasture-based operation generally will
not be required to obtain a permit.
However, if the operation includes a
confinement area, this part of the
operation may be considered an Animal
Feeding Operation (AFO).
Confinement areas can include holding
pens, calving areas and some feeding
pads.
Tips to Avoid Becoming an AFO
Do:
Keep gates open and allow free access to
pastures and rangeland.
Do not:
Confine animals for more than 45 days in a
12-month period.
Allow animals to completely destroy
vegetation in a lot or confined area that
could be considered a confinement.
Nutrient Management Planning
The objective of
Nutrient Management
Planning is to apply
the proper amount of
nutrients at the proper
time to achieve the
desired yield and
minimize entry of
nutrients into surface
or groundwater
supplies.
What is A Nutrient Management
Plan?
A guide, for the farmer to follow that
utilizes :
the nutrients within animal waste and
commercial fertilizer in a manner that
supplies the crops nutritional needs
protects the environment
Components of a CAFO Nutrient
Management Plan
Manure, litter, and process
wastewater storage
Mortality Management
Clean Water Diversion
Prevention of Direct Contact
of Animals with Waters of
the State
Chemical Disposal
Site specific conservation
practices
Identify specific records to be
Identify protocols for waste maintained
and soil testing
Establish protocols for land
application in accordance
with site specific nutrient
management practices
What is the West Virginia Department
of Agriculture Doing about CAFOs?
CAFO Coordinator
Nutrient Management Planner
Outreach Program
Fact Sheets
Agency Training
Producer Information Sessions
Who can provide technical assistance?
Natural Resources Conservation Service
West Virginia Conservation Agency
West Virginia Department of Agriculture
WVU Extension Service
Any WV Certified Nutrient Management
Planner
West Virginia Department of
Environmental Protection
Chesapeake Bay TMDL
West Virginia’s Potomac River and
Chesapeake Bay Basin
• Over 14% of West Virginia drains into the
Potomac River and on to the Chesapeake Bay
--that’s 2,294,349 acres
• The Chesapeake Bay watershed in West
Virginia includes Berkeley, Grant, Hampshire,
Hardy, Jefferson, Mineral, Morgan, and
Pendleton, and small portions of Preston and
Tucker counties
•A small area of Monroe County also forms
the headwaters of the James River
ORSANCO
ORSANCO
Will affect the rest of West Virginia
Compact of eight states (Drainage is
fourteen states)
Ohio river drainage is 200,000 sq miles
(5% of US land mass)
Goal is to reduce hypoxic (dead zone) in
the Gulf of Mexico
Some modeling after Chesapeake Bay
Program
The Future
Air Quality issues
Phosphorus Index
Groundwater Protection
Questions?
Christina Richmond
CAFO Coordinator
WVDA
304-538-2397
[email protected]