Transcript CAFO Fact Sheets - Purdue University

CAFO Fact Sheets
CLASS ASSIGNMENT, SEPTEMBER 30, 2013
We will review the Fact Sheets together
Did I capture the essence of the report?
What is missing?
What is the most important point for the class to know?
CAFOs and Public Health: The Fate of Unabsorbed
Antibiotics
Publication ID-348
Author(s): Paul Ebner
Antibiotics are used in feed animal production:
◦ Therapeutically – typically high doses
◦ Sub-therapeutically – typically low doses
A portion of a dose of antibiotics is not absorbed but excreted in feces or urine
Antibiotics can degrade or runoff when in a manure pit or field; spreading manure is
effective to eliminate unabsorbed antibiotics
Some antibiotics can bind strongly to soil and degrades more slowly
Concentrations of antibiotics found in soils that could impact human health (?? FDA) to be
an appreciable health risk
CAFOs and Public Health: The Issue of
Antibiotic Resistance
Publication ID-349
Author(s): Paul Ebner
Antibiotics are produced by bacteria and molds to eliminate competition
Some bacteria that don’t produce antibiotics have acquired antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens could be problematic if an infected person
seeking treatment is administered the drug to which the pathogen is resistant
Many non—pathogenic bacteria can be transmitted among humans
The use of drugs may be needed in extreme illnesses if resistance is noticed
On-farm development of antibiotic resistance is much higher because of the use
There is little agreement on whether antibiotic use in food animal production poses a
risk to humans
CAFOs and Public Health: Pathogens and
Manure
Publication ID-356
Author(s): Paul Ebner
Livestock manure contains harmful disease causing bacteria
Improper manure application as fertilizer can lead to water contamination –
IN regulations do not allow direct discharge of manure into water
The most effective tool in eliminating pathogens from manure is time (both
practical and economic)
CAFO operators are required to produce a management plan to describe
actions to prevent over-fertilization and contamination of waterways
CAFOs and Public Health: Emissions and the
Respiratory Health of Neighbors
Publication ID-358
Author(s): Samantha K. Wall & Paul Ebner
Major CAFO emissions of concern: hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and
organic dirt
◦ Can harm the pulmonary health of workers in confinement buildings
◦ No difference in two groups (exposed to CAFO air and not) in objective health
measures, but the CAFO-exposed group reported headaches, nausea, and eye
irritation
◦ CAFOs contribute less ammonia than pets and household cleaners
◦ Schools close to a CAFO reported higher numbers of children with physiciandiagnosed asthma than others
CAFOs and Public Health: Risk Associated
with Welfare Friendly Farming
Publication ID-359
Author(s): Rachel Dennis
Conventional poultry farming systems often include sub-therapeutic amounts of
antibiotics in feed to prevent disease and improve production performance – are
these transferred through meat?
About 25% of birds in both systems (?) tested positive for salmonella In 1996 the
National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program was established (FDA & CDC)
Chicken raised in free-range/organic systems have higher prevalence (?) and more
diverse populations of gastrointestinal parasites than birds raised in conventional
housing facilities
Gastrointestinal parasite populations of ground-fed birds is an indicator of the loval
environmental populations (?)
CAFOs and Public Health: Odor and its Possible
Health Effects
Publication ID-361
Author(s): Paul Ebner
Livestock odors are primarily generated from manure
Impacts
◦ Most common human reaction – change in mood
◦ Can cause an increase in blood pressure and blood sugar levels
◦ Cannot make humans sick directly, but can trigger psychological factors that contribute to
a reaction
◦ Physical symptoms including headaches, nausea, and irritation of the eyes, nose, & throat
◦ Reactions to odors affect people in different ways and result in different reactions through
various situations
Community Impacts of CAFOs: Labor
Markets
Publication ID-362
Author(s): Roman Keeney
The public is becoming increasingly suspicious/community discord of large
CAFOs
Animal agriculture may be aggressively singled out by opponents
CAFOs have increased farm employment (1969-2005)
Average wages are about $13.88/hour
◦ Swine CAFO workers tended to receive highest wages ($15.54); dairy was the lowest
($12.27)
Specialized skills are necessary for many operations (hence the higher wages)
Community Impacts of CAFOs: Growing Trends
Publication ID-364
Author(s): Roman Keeney
CAFO growth is facilitated by contractual agreement
Most operators are between 90 & 95% permitted capacity
Confined animal feeding is a dominant force in the growth of local livestock
populations
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Dairy populations tripled in Benton & Jasper counties
10% increase in finishing hogs
50% increase in livestock sales between 1997 and 2002
Most operators were between 90 & 95% of their permit levels for all animals
CAFOs and Community Conflict:
Understanding Community Conflict
Publication ID-365
Author(s): Janet Ayres
CAFOs are private decisions that become public issues
Bring people with different views together early on
Structure – who/how are they being regulated
Interests – people enter public meetings with mind already made up
Larger operation. More profits
75
Farm wage more
60-70%
NO
CAFOs and Community Conflict: Understanding
Conflict Between Individuals
Publication ID-366
Author(s): Janet Ayres
Expansion of CAFOS create high levels of conflict
Disagreements don’t’ have to be resolved.. All parties can “agree to disagree”
No personal accusations, threats or name calling
Try to persuade and thing about it before hand (?)
Deal with differences
Try to compromise