MGIMO 12 December 2007

Gaston STRONCK Ambassador of Luxembourg

CFSP Setting up the structures

British – French Summit Saint Malo 3-4 December 1998

The European Union needs to be in a position to play its full role on the international stage… It will be important to achieve full and rapid implementation of the Amsterdam provisions on CFSP. This includes the responsibility of the European Council to decide on the progressive framing of a common defence policy in the framework of CFSP…

British – French Summit Saint Malo 3-4 December 1998

To this end, the Union must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed up by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and a readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises.

In order for the European Union to take decisions and approve military action where the Alliance as a whole is not engaged, the Union must be given appropriate structures and a capacity for analysis of situations, sources of intelligence, and a capability for relevant strategic planning, without unnecessary duplication, taking account of the existing assets of the WEU… In this regard, the European Union will also need to have recourse to suitable military means (European capabilities pre-designated within NATO’s European pillar or national or multinational European means outside the NATO framework).

European Council Cologne 3-4 June 1999

For conflict prevention and crisis management, the EU must have at its disposal the appropriate capabilities and instruments

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Commitment to further develop more effective European military capabilities from the basis of existing national, bi national and multinational capabilities and to strengthen these capabilities for that purpose

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Sustained defence effort, the implementation of the necessary adaptations and notably the reinforcement of our capabilities in the field of intelligence, strategic transport, command and control

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Efforts to adapt, exercise and bring together national and multinational European forces.

European Council Cologne 3-4 June 1999

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To ensure political control and strategic direction of operations Regular (or ad hoc) meetings of the General Affairs Council, as appropriate including Defence Ministers; A permanent body in Brussels (Political and Security Committee) consisting of representatives with pol/mil expertise; An EU Military Committee consisting of Military Representatives making recommendations to the Political and Security Committee; An EU Military Staff including a Situation Centre; Other resources such as a Satellite Centre, Institute for Security Studies.

European Council Cologne 3-4 June 1999

For the effective implementation of EU-led operations the EU will have to determine, according to the requirements of the case, whether it will conduct :  EU-led operations using NATO assets and capabilities or  EU-led operations without recourse to NATO assets and capabilities.

European Council Cologne 3-4 June 1999

EU-led operations without recourse to NATO assets and capabilities :  national or multinational European means pre identified by Member States  use of national command structures providing multinational representation in headquarters or  drawing on existing command structures within multinational forces

European Council Cologne 3-4 June 1999

EU-led operations with recourse to NATO assets and capabilities :  Implementation of the arrangements based on the Berlin decisions of 1996 and the Washington NATO summit decisions of April 1999.  Further arrangements set out by NATO at its summit meeting in Washington should address in particular:  Assured EU access to NATO planning capabilities able to contribute to military planning for EU-led operations;  Presumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified NATO capabilities and common assets for use in EU-led operations

 Possibility of all EU Member States, including non-allied members, to participate fully and on an equal footing in EU operations  Satisfactory arrangements for European NATO members who are not EU Member States to ensure their fullest possible involvement in EU-led operations  Arrangements to ensure that all participants in an EU-led operation will have equal rights in respect of the conduct of that operation, without prejudice to the principle of the EU's decision-making autonomy, notably the right of the Council to discuss and decide matters of principle and policy  Development of effective mutual consultation, cooperation and transparency between NATO and the EU  Ways to ensure the possibility for WEU Associate Partners to be involved

European Council Helsinki 10-11 December 1999

A standing Political and Security Committee (PSC) in Brussels will be composed of national representatives of senior/ambassadorial level. The PSC will deal with all aspects of the CFSP, including the CESDP, in accordance with the provisions of the EU Treaty and without prejudice to Community competence. In the case of a military crisis management operation, the PSC will exercise, under the authority of the Council, the political control and strategic direction of the operation. For that purpose, appropriate procedures will be adopted in order to allow effective and urgent decision taking. The PSC will also forward guidelines to the Military Committee.

European Council Helsinki 10-11 December 1999

The Military Committee (MC) will be composed of the Chiefs of Defence, represented by their military delegates. The MC will meet at the level of the Chiefs of Defence as and when necessary. This committee will give military advice and make recommendations to the PSC, as well as provide military direction to the Military Staff. The Chairman of the MC will attend meetings of the Council when decisions with defence implications are to be taken .

European Council Helsinki 10-11 December 1999

The Military Staff (MS) within the Council structures will provide military expertise and support to the CESDP, including the conduct of EU-led military crisis management operations. The Military Staff will perform early warning, situation assessment and strategic planning for Petersberg tasks including identification of European national and multinational forces.

European Council Helsinki 10-11 December 1999

Headline goal: by the year 2003, cooperating together voluntarily, MS will be able to deploy rapidly and then sustain forces capable of the full range of Petersberg tasks :  Operations up to corps level (up to 15 brigades or 50,000-60,000 persons). militarily self-sustaining with the necessary command, control and intelligence capabilities, logistics, other combat support services and additionally, as appropriate, air and naval elements    Full deployment within 60 days, including smaller rapid response elements available and deployable at very high readiness Need to sustain such a deployment for at least one year Additional pool of deployable units (and supporting elements) at lower readiness to provide replacements for the initial forces

COPS - PSC

 Intermediate PSC – iPSC (March 1st 2000)  PSC (Nice European Coucil - December 2000)  Mandate  Relations of the PSC with  the SG/HR (PU – SG Council)  the political directors  the EMC  the COREPER  the Commission

COPS - PSC

Subsidiary bodies of the PSC  CFSP working groups  POL-MIL working group  CIVCOM (Committee for civilian aspects)

COPS - PSC

• to monitor the international situation in the areas covered by the common foreign and security policy (CFSP); • to contribute to the definition of policies; • to monitor implementation of the Council's decisions.

COPS - PSC

Under the responsibility of the Council, the Committee exercises political control and strategic direction of crisis management operations. It may thus be authorised by the Council to take decisions on the practical management of a crisis.