Transcript Phonological Awareness Phonics Spelling

Phonological Awareness
Phonics
Spelling
Melinda Carrillo
Best Predictors of
Reading Success
• Letter Knowledge
• Phonological Awareness
• Knowledge About Print
Terminology
• Phonological Awareness
The awareness of and the ability to manipulate language.
• Phonemic Awareness
The understanding that speech is composed of individual sounds
and the ability to manipulate those sounds.
• Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound.
• Phonics
A system of teaching reading and spelling through sound-symbol
relationships.
• Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit of language.
Letter Knowledge
A child who can recognize most letters
with thorough confidence will have an
easier time learning about letter
sounds and word spellings than a child
who also has to work at distinguishing
the individual letters.
Adams, 1990
Phonemic Awareness
Phonemic awareness is more highly
related to learning to read than are
tests of general intelligence, reading
readiness, and listening
comprehension.
Stanovich, 1993
Phonemic Awareness
It is unlikely that children lacking phonemic
awareness can benefit fully from phonics
instruction since they do not understand
what letters and spellings are suppose to
represent.
Juel, Griffith, & Gough, 1986
Phonological Awareness
Activities
Phoneme Deletion
Rhyming
Read Alouds
Nursery Rhymes
Sentence Completion
“I see a frog,
sitting on a ____.”
Phoneme Blending
All Oral
Put the sounds together
/c/ /a/ /t/ = cat
Phoneme Segmentation
All Oral
Break the sounds apart
Cat = /c/ /a/ /t/
Lake = /l/ /a/ /k/
Phoneme Deletion
All Oral
Drop a sound
Say “cat”.
Now drop the /c/.
What do you have?
Phoneme Change
All Oral
Drop a sound and add a sound.
Say “dog”.
Drop the /d/ and add a /l/.
Drop the /g/ and add a /t/.
5 Tasks of Phonemic
Awareness
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Knowledge of nursery rhymes
Compare and contrast sounds
Orally blend words
Orally segment words
Phonemic manipulation tasks
Knowledge About Print
How books work.
Text flows from left to right
Read the page top to bottom
Line sweep
Concept of word
Phonics and Decoding
English Language
44 Phonemes (sounds)
25 Consonant Phonemes
19 Vowel Phonemes
Over 200 ways to spell 44 sounds!
Decoding
Poorly developed word
recognition skills
are the most pervasive and
debilitating source
of reading difficulty.
Adams, 1990
Phonics Instruction Should…
Be daily
Be completed by the end of 2nd grade
Be built on a foundation of phonemic awareness
Be systematic and explicit
Be focused
Provide practice with decodable texts
Include regular assessment
Provide for intervention
Systematic Explicit Phonics
Instruction
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Phonemic warm-up
Teach sound/symbol
Practice blending
Apply to decodable text
Dictation and spelling
Word work
4 Ways To Read Words
• Decoding – Reading words that are unfamiliar in print
• Analogy – Recognizing how spelling is similar to known
words
• Prediction – Guess what the word might be
• Sight – Using memory to read words that have been read
before
Types of Literature for
Beginning Readers
• Decodable Text
• High Quality Trade Books
• Predictable Texts
Instructional Modifications for
English Learners
Decodables – with visual support
preceded by ELD
common vocabulary
Student/Teacher Generated Text
practice sound/symbol
reinforce phonics
High Quality Trade Books
build academic language
What To Do If They Don’t Get
It?
Re-teach 3 years of phonics?
Focus on exactly what they need to
learn and teach it!