Transcript Document

7.2 How can these
challenges be
managed?
Lesson 7- Today we
will CONSIDER the
STRATEGIES used to
improve QUALITY OF
LIFE in DEVELOPING
WORLD CITIES.
7.2b Different strategies can be
used to manage SOCIAL and
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES in DEVELOPING
world cities.
What is
QUALITY
OF LIFE?
human happiness depends on three key elements: good health,
access to education, and relative wealth.
Improving access to
services-To reduce rural
to urban migration

Guanabara Bay
Penha
Fundao
Rio-Niteroi Bridge
North Zone
Port Area
Niteroi
Maracana
Centro
Lin
e
Corcovado
(740m)



Botafogo
West
Zone
Sugar Loaf (395m)
Rocinha
Counter-urbanisation Tijuca Lagoon
encourage upwardly
mobile people to Barra
moveda Tijuca
out to new towns like
Barra da Tijuca.
Rural Development – To
reduce rural to urban
migration

Pica Tijuca (1022m)
Ye
llo
w
Forced
evictions of
squatter
settlements –
To clear land
for formal
development
Site and Service –
Land is cleared and
building plots
prepared with
water and
electricity.

Copacabana
Ipanema
Pedra da
Gavea (845m)
South Zone
Self Help Scheme – Existing
settlements
provided
with water,
0
5km
sewage and rubbish collection.
Building materials provided for
residents to upgrade their homes
(Favela Barrio Plan)
1) Self-help housing in Rochina (The Favela Barrio project)
The local authority provide local
residents with the materials needs to
construct permanent
accommodation. This includes breeze
blocks and cement.
The local residents provide the
labour, giving them skills so they can
find work as labourers.
The money saved can be spent on
providing basic amenities such as
electricity and water.
This improved housing in Rocinha,
most are now made from concrete and
brick. Some are 3/4 stories tall and
almost all have basic sanitation,
plumbing, and electricity.
Rocinha has a better developed
infrastructure and hundreds of
businesses such as banks, drug stores,
bus lines, cable television, including
locally based channel TV ROC.
These factors help classify Rocinha as
a Favela Bairro, or Favela
Neighborhood.
2) SITE & SERVICE SCHEMES
These are schemes where the government will
provide a site (location) and basic amenities such as
water and sewerage.
The resident will be given rights of ownership and
then expected to complete the work at his or her
expense.
3) Building the new town of Barra da Tijuca
• In an attempt to find more space, Rio’s wealthy have
moved out from the centre of Rio (counter-urbanisation)
Wealthy residents of Rio looked for a
safer place to live with more space.
Nearest flat land 20KM along coast.
1970 4 lane motorway cut through
mountains and on stilts over sea.
1995 New town of Barra had population
of 130,000. Process of counterurbanisation.
Self contained city.
5 KM of shops, schools hospitals, offices,
entertainment.
Spacious, luxurious accommodation. 3/4
of accommodation is in high-rise
apartments, protected by security
guards.
Barra already has its own new favelas.
Aerial view of Barra
4) IMPROVING ACCESS TO SERVICES
The Teleferico do Alemao cable car system
155 eight-seat cable cars travelling between six stations built across the favela.
Operational since July(2012). A 3.5-kilometre cable car system connecting six of the favelas
with the city's rail network. Roads have also been improved, providing residents with an
improved journey to work and services at weekends.
Complexo Rubem Braga project
In July 2010, the 10,000 residents of the Cantagalo/Pavãozinho favela, in southern Rio were
connected to the main city by 2 elevators that connected their communities — (located on
two facing sides of one of Rio's hills ) to the main metro station in Ipanema.
The elevators also allow easy walking access to main commercial areas Copacabana and
Ipanema decreasing journey to work times. Before the elevators, Cantagalo/Pavãozinho
favela could be reached only by a steep poorly lit, unsafe stairway of more than 700 steps,
which locals had to climb and descend several times a day.
Also created was the Mirante da Paz, or "Peace Vista," which is a panoramic vista located
at the top elevator tower. It is a place from which some of Rio's greatest tourist spots can be
admired, such as Arpoador Beach, the Dois Irmãos hill, the Tijuca Forest, and the Cristo
Redentor / Corcovado. This increases tourist visits to the favela, creating formal jobs,
increasing taxes and thus investment in the favela further.
This project has clear improvements.
It has improved residents quality of life, and increased visitors numbers, contributing to
emerging tourism and related business in the area.
It has been said that this project has also helped to improve the positive perception of the
informal settlements — and that, for the first time, locals from the "formal city" in Rio are
finding this part of the "informal city" to be "accessible" and worth visiting.
5) IMPROVING RURAL AREAS
The National Rural Education Program (Pronacampo) is aimed
at raising the level of education of the population and offering technical and financial
support to the schools in the rural areas.
The program will provide assistance to improve the infrastructure of schools and increase
the number of qualified teachers in rural areas.
The population in Brazil's rural areas has lower educational levels than those living in urban
areas. According to Brazil's Education Ministry, 23% of Brazil's rural population aged 15 or
older is illiterate and 51% are with the educational degrees lower than secondary school.
Launching the program, President Rousseff stressed the importance of education in
improving the life conditions of rural populations, saying that the current and next
generations will benefit from the program and the program will change the reality of the
rural areas.
"In our strategy to fight poverty in the country, this is a strategic program because it is aimed
at not only lifting people from extreme poverty but also ensure that future generations have
more opportunities," she noted.
6) INCREASING WEALTH AND SERVICES
In 2007 the federal government launched the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC),
which pumped more than 700 million reais (nearly £400 million) into infrastructure,
healthcare, education, public housing, transportation and social services projects.
Brazil to invest $1.2bn in favela areas in Rio de Janeiro June 17, 2013
$742bn second phase, PAC 2
The money will be spent improving three areas – Rocinha, Jacarezinho and the Lins
complex so that they can be better integrated with the rest of the city. It will also improve
sewage and water facilities that are often scarce.
which focuses on six major initiatives – “better city”, “citizen community”; “my house, my
life”; “water and light for all”; transportation and energy.
The National Family Allowance (Bolsa Familia) social welfare program, provides
low-income families with cash provided the children attend schools and mothers
attend prenatal care.
More than 50 million people — more than a quarter of Brazil's population — benefit
from these conditional cash transfers, or CCTs as they are known.
Task…
You are the new governor of Rio – born and raised in the Favelas,
your mission is to begin to solve the issues in Rio
The challenge!
You must make a proposal to the government in
the form of an A3 poster, proposing how you are
going to solve Rio’s issues. You must include:
- Self help schemes
- The Barra da Tijuca
- 2 of the other schemes mentioned
For each scheme:
- Outline the problem (give details!)
- Explain how the scheme will solve the
issue
- Evaluate each scheme
Improving slumsDECISION MAKING PRACTICE
You are either local leaders of the Community of Ariba, a well
established squatter settlement in Mexico City or government
Ministers.
You both want to improve the favela.
Tasks:
1.Decide on the most important
problems that the community faces
2.Decide which ones you will tackle
in the first year, the second year
and ones you will leave for the
future. Be prepared to justify your
choices.
3.Begin to plan your spending of
their shanty town points (STP)
Resources:
1. Map of Ariba;
2. Price list for
improvements to a
shanty town;
3. Information sheet on
shanty towns in
general and on Ariba
in particular;
4. Planning/ notes sheet
Residents
Plan of action
Year 1
Year 2
Future
Reasons why…
Government
Plan of action
Year 1
Year 2
Future
Reasons why…
Decision making feedbackWhat choices were made? Why?
• What did different groups choose to do
in the first year? Why?
• Second year choices? Why?
• Further in the future? Why?