Transcript OSHA Regulations explained in simple terms

1
SHOP SAFETY
OSHA Regulations for the Auto Service Industry
• In 1971 the government formed the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) to help and force
employers AND employees to prevent "on the
job" injuries and work-related illnesses.
• The OSHA website is www.osha.gov.
2
3
Topics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eye Injuries
Hand Injuries
Fires
Slips and Falls
Back Injuries
Lifts and Jacks
Power Tools
• Respirators and Air
Quality
• Welding Equipment
• Auto Accidents
• Blood Borne
Pathogens
• Workplace Anger
• Hazardous
Chemicals
4
Eye Injuries
5
Eye Injuries
• The Most Common Injury In an Auto
Repair Facility
©2005 Porter and Chester Institute
/
Connecticut School of Electronics
6
5 ways that an
automotive repair
worker can get an eye
injury
1 - Falling Debris
•
•
When a car is on a lift or a person slides under a car
to work, they are looking up at the car.
Once debris is in the eye, the technician tries to wash
it out with an eye wash machine or floods the eye
with water at a sink, but the tiny piece may have cut
the eye slightly or remains stuck in the eye, so it's off
to the emergency room.
7
8
2 - Flying Debris
•
•
A technician using a bench grinder, a high
speed drill, rotary tool, or wire brush can have
a piece of debris fly or ricochet into the eye.
Usually it's not a bad injury and it could have
been prevented 99% of the time by wearing
safety glasses, but it's off to the hospital again
if proper eye protection is not used.
9
3 - During Engine Inspection
• You lean over an operating motor to check
something and the air being pulled through the
radiator loosens a tiny particle in the engine
compartment or a tiny piece of fan belt chooses
exactly that moment to dislodge.
• Your eye seems to be a magnet for debris, and
you are on your way again to the emergency
room.
4 - Battery Explosion
• Hydrogen gases build up in the common car battery
and old batteries can get cracks in the case or around
the posts.
• When you use jumper cables on a car battery, sparks
can fly at the post. Any amount of hydrogen escaping
will ignite immediately.
• The tops of many batteries have blown upward right
into the face of a technician.
• Always use glasses when you are leaning over the
battery. Battery acid can be very damaging to your
eyes
10
5 - Electric Welding Arc
• The light generated during the arc welding
process is made up of mostly Ultra-violet light
energy.
• Even very short exposure to this light can
result in serious eye injury.
• These injuries are few and far between, but no
one should look at a welder arc without eye
protection.
• This is like looking into the sun.
11
Safety Glasses
• Have a set of approved protective eyewear that is
specifically yours...don't share with someone else!
• Make sure the eyewear is correct for the type of work
you are doing and fits you
• Keep the eyewear nearby at all times
• Notify your supervisor if you lose or break your
eyewear. Get a new pair immediately...and don't work
in the meantime without them!
• Most important - Wear your eye protection! It
doesn't do any good if it is sitting in your toolbox or
on a workbench.
12
$4,000 per Injury
• A smart employee wears eye protection whether the
manager says so or not, because the average eye injury
costs nearly $4,000 including time off and medical
bills.
• Although most treatments at the emergency room allow
the employee to return to work the same day, remember
that there are severe injuries that do end in blindness.
13
14
Hand Injuries
Hand Injuries
• Hand injuries are the second most frequent
injury in the automotive repair industry, and
account for the largest number of lost days by
the industry. Twenty percent (20%) of the lost
day injuries are related to fingers, hands, and
wrists.
15
Types of Hand injuries
•
•
•
•
•
Broken hands from slipping wrenches
Cuts from sharp sheet metal, cotter pins, etc.
Pinches from pliers, metal parts fitting together
Doors and hoods being slammed
Burns from hot motors and exhausts
16
17
Gloves
• Hand injury is preventable most of the time by using
"Personal Protective Equipment." In this case, it's a
fancy way to say "gloves".
• The government has found that many injuries would
never happen if a person put on equipment proven to
protect them.
• By wearing the correct protective equipment, cuts,
scrapes, and burns can all be avoided.
Hand Related Injuries
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cuts
Lacerations
Abrasions
Punctures
Chemical burns
Thermal burns
18
Common tasks that expose hands to injury
•
•
•
•
Handling sheet metal (old and new)
Glass handling
Grinding with power tools
Working with screwdrivers, punches, ice picks
or cotter key pullers
• Dislodging frozen nuts and bolts
• Welding
• Working on hot engines or exhausts
19
Long-Term Problems
• Long-term problems can be worse than the
instant pain of a cut that sends you to the
emergency room for stitches.
• Putting your hands into chemicals that can be
absorbed through your skin is a hazard you can't
see as it happens.
20
Skin Absorption
• Every day you work around chemicals that can
come in contact with your hands (skin, eyes,
clothes, etc).
• Some of these chemicals are KNOWN to cause
illnesses in some people after certain amounts of
exposure.
21
Nitrile Gloves
• There are gloves such as the new nitrile gloves
much like those that medical surgeons wear
that offer excellent protection.
• Wear the right type of protective gloves and
the chemicals won't come in contact with your
hands!
22
Skin Exposure
• Your hands are the primary body parts that come
into contact with chemicals, but not the only
place.
• If the warning labels on MSDS (more on this
later) information says the chemical is
hazardous, then don't let it come in contact with
your skin OR your clothes.
• If it does, change uniforms and wash it off.
23
Risks and the gloves to protect against them
Common Risk Area
Risk Type
Type of Glove
Hot metal, engine, exhaust
Immediate Injury
Leather/Heavy Cotton
Sharp Metal, Sheet metal
Immediate Injury
Leather/Heavy Cotton
Glass Handling
Immediate Injury
Leather/Heavy Cotton
Adhesive "sticky" bullets
Welding
Immediate Injury
Leather/Cotton Flame Resistant
New Oil or Antifreeze
Varies
None or Nitrile/Latex
Used Oil or Antifreeze
Long term
Nitrile or Latex
Degreasing Solvents
Long term
Nitrile
Thinners/Paint Solvents
Long term
Nitrile
Blood
Long term
Nitrile
24
25
Fires
Fire Hazards
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Degreasing and cleaning solvents
Stored paints and solvents
Sprayed paints
Glue
Oxygen/Acetylene
Gasoline in "caddy"
Gasoline in the cars
Oil
Gasoline in on-sight storage tanks
26
MSDS
• Containers and Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) should be marked and clearly identify
the risk and flammability of any material on the
premises.
27
Minute by Minute
• Fires can get out of control quickly and do a
tremendous amount of damage to property and lives.
• Fire prevention is not reserved for a monthly or
weekly meeting.
• Fire prevention is a minute to minute awareness by
everyone that works in the shop.
28
29
Fire Extinguisher Rating
• An automotive repair shop should have fire
extinguishers that are rated to cover the
following three (3) fire ratings:
Class A Water Extinguisher
Class B CO2 Extinguisher
Class CDry Chemical
Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher usage
• Class A - Wood and paper
• Class B - Flammable fluids
• Class C - Electrical
There are single extinguishers available that are rated for all three
classes. It's best to have this type of extinguisher at each location.
30
Fire extinguishers should be:
• Close by...no more than 50 feet
away
• Easy to get to and in every
work area (no doors or walls
between)
• Inspected monthly
– The gauge should read full or be
"in the green"
– The safety pin should be in place
– The seal should not be broken
31
Fire extinguishers should be: [cont.]
• Mounted with easy to read and
approved "Fire Extinguisher"
signage
• Mounted in proper manner and
within reach
– Quick release
– Between 36 inches and 60 inches
off the floor
– Never left loose on a bench or on
the floor
32
Using a Fire Extinguisher
1. Pull the pin
2. Stand about eight feet from
the fire
3. Aim the hose at the base of
the fire
4. Squeeze the trigger and
spray back and forth
A fire extinguisher generally only lasts 3 to 20 seconds, so
you have to make sure you aim properly.
33
34
Good Habits
• Make it a
habit to reach
over when
you walk by
and check the
tag and
gauge.
• Help
management
know if a fire
extinguisher is
out of date or
has low
pressure.
35
Check the Gauge
36
In Case of Fire
• In case of a fire, there is a logical sequence to
follow.
• Many people become rattled though and
comment later, "It happened so fast."
• The number one thing to remember about a fire
is:
– Stay Calm and Tell People When There Is A
Fire!!!
In Case of Fire
• Always yell, "FIRE," and make sure that
others in the area hear you before you run
for the fire extinguisher.
• If the fire extinguisher handles the
problem, great; but if it doesn't, then...
everyone should leave the area safely...
and someone can...call the fire
department !!!!
37
Keep Aisles and Exits Unobstructed
• It is also important to keep aisles and exits free
of obstructions.
• If a fire does occur, you must be able to get to
the marked exits quickly, without falling over
boxes and machinery.
38
Assembly Area
• You should have an agreed upon assembly area
if a major fire breaks out where you can
quickly identify if anyone is missing or
possibly trapped in the building.
• The first thing the fire department will ask is:
'Is everyone accounted for.' Be prepared to
give them precise information. The building
can be replaced, people cannot.
39
40
Slips and
Falls
Slips and Falls
•
Four areas where people can fall and hurt
themselves are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Slick floors
Cluttered floors
Stairs
Ladders
41
42
Slick Floors
•
•
•
•
Keep the floor from getting slick.
Anytime oil or fluids are spilled on
the floor, immediately clean them
up, using the right drying method
Keep clutter out of the way. Hoses, floor jacks, parts,
boxes and tools, should have a place to be stored when
they aren't being used
Mark a slippery area with an easy to use tent sign that
says "Caution Slippery Floor"
Have the proper absorbents in an easy to find place to
quickly put on spills
43
Pig Mat
• Use Pig Mat to absorb small spills
Cluttered Floors
• Clutter that ends up in the aisles
or in the middle of the floors are
accidents waiting to happen.
• Leaving a floor jack or a bucket in the aisle,
even for "just a second," is an easy way to trip
up a co-worker or yourself.
44
45
What’s wrong with
this picture?
Stairs
• If there are more than a few stairs, they need to
have a handrail and you should use it.
• If there are not handrails, be careful and point
out to the management anything you feel is
unsafe.
46
Ladders
• The work area for repairing cars might not seem
to be a place that ladders are frequently used,
but it really is.
Windows are washed
Lights need to be cleaned or changed
Paint booth filters need to be changed
Trucks need service
The tops of vans need to be sanded for refinish
Parts may be stored on high shelves
47
Ladder Safety
• Never get on a ladder without checking the weight
restrictions.
– Some ladders are only rated for up to 250 pounds.
• Never stand on the top step of a ladder.
• Make sure the ladder's legs are rock solid.
• Avoid placing the ladder too far from or too close to
the wall itself. It's easy to get hurt on a ladder, so be
careful.
• If in doubt, get a second opinion and/or have
someone "spot" for you and steady the ladder while
you use it.
48
Openings
• An opening where there is a drop of more than 4 feet
requires a guardrail to be installed.
• Some shops have different levels.
• Parts rooms, older garages with alignment pits, and
garages built on steep inclines are examples where
handrails and protection from falls are needed.
• If you think there is a risk of accident from an
unprotected area, make your supervisor aware of it.
49
A Quick Solution
• One of the easiest and quickest ways to prevent the
most common slip and fall accidents is to pay
attention.
• If you notice clutter in the aisles, a slick spot,
someone having trouble with a ladder, or something
else that is likely to cause an injury, take a moment
and fix the problem.
• Clean up the spill. Pick up the bucket. Hold the ladder
for your co-worker. You'll be doing the company and
your co-workers a favor!
50
51
Back Injuries
Back Injuries
• Over 66% of Americans will experience back
pain during their lives.
• Back pain can prevent a person from working
and cost the person income and the business
productivity.
52
Common Work-Related Back Injuries
• Pinched nerves
• Pulled muscles
53
5 Ways You can Hurt Your Back
• Lifting too much
• Not getting help to lift or move something
heavy or awkward
• Bending over too far and lifting with the
back instead of squatting and lifting with the
legs
• Lifting while off balance
• Twisting with a load
54
Avoiding Injury On the Job
• Do not bend
at the waist
and
lift with your
back.
55
Avoiding Injury On the Job
• Bend at the
knees and
lift with your
legs.
56
Let Your Legs Do the Lifting.
• Stand close to the load with both feet firmly on the
floor, about shoulder width apart. Point your toes out.
• Squat down close to the load with your back straight,
knees bent, and stomach muscles tight.
• Grip the load firmly with both hands, not just the
fingers.
• Lift and stand up slowly, keeping your back straight
and letting your legs do the lifting.
57
Don’t Twist
• Caution: If you have to change direction while
you're carrying a load, don't twist.
• Twisting is a major cause of back injuries. To
change direction, move your feet.
58
Unload Correctly
• Lower the load slowly, bending your knees so
your legs do the work.
• Keep your back straight.
• Position your hands so the fingers don't get
caught under the load.
• Place the load on the edge of the surface and
slide it back.
59
60
Use Tools to Protect Your Back
• In today's professional
shops we have lifts,
slings, dollies, two
wheelers and all kinds of
tools to help lift and
carry heavy objects.
• Also, don't be afraid to
ask someone else for
help!
61
Use Leverage Carefully
• When using leverage on a wrench or pry bar, be
sure you are firmly planted and test that the load
is locked down.
62
Reducing back injuries
• Get help when lifting heavy materials
• Use a lifting tool, sling, dolly, etc.
• Lift properly
63
Lifts and
Jacks
64
Full Car Lifts
• Over the last century hundreds of people have died or
been severely injured from improperly lifting or
securing cars during repair.
• The first line of defense is to be trained on the lifting
equipment you are preparing to use.
Information on the Lift or Rack
• Most equipment has the basic safety
recommendations and weight ratings posted in
writing on the equipment.
• If the labeling is not legible or has become dirty
over time, most manufacturers are happy to
provide new labels at no cost.
• More and more lift providers have safety
information on specific tools and equipment at
their website as well.
65
66
Lift Safety
Placard
• Read
instructions
before using a
lift
Hydraulic Floor Jacks
• Should never be used beyond weight limits
• Should be checked frequently (following manufacturer's
directions) for adequate hydraulic fluid
• Should never be used if they have an obvious leak
• Should never be used if they allow loads to slip down
• Should always be used with jack stands
67
68
The #1 Amateur Mistake
• The number one mistake of amateur or entrylevel technicians and do-it-yourselfers is
getting underneath a raised vehicle held up by
a floor jack without first putting a jack stand(s)
underneath..
69
Use only Professional Grade Jack
Stands
• Be careful of using nonapproved or makeshift jack
stands such as unrated
concrete or cinder blocks,
pipes or home welded
alternatives.
• Cinder blocks and
concrete blocks easily
shatter even under light
loads
• Some water pipes do
not have the same
strengths as the
special steels that
rated jack stands and
supports do
70
• Never, never, never get under a car without a
jack stand or safe secondary support!
Ask If You Don't Know Where to
Place the Jack!
• Whichever jack you use for lifting the car in
your shop, make sure you know where to place
it on the vehicle for your safety and the
protection of the vehicle.
• New technicians, apprentices and entry level workers
don't realize how vulnerable a car is to misuse from a
jack.
71
Areas you should not try to lift are:
•
•
•
•
Steering arms
Floor pans
Crankshaft pulleys
Driveshafts
72
Jacking Points
• Each car has specific and safe jacking points.
• Do not place a lift if you are not sure.
• Jacking points are available on
AllData or ask your instructor
73
What’s wrong with this picture?
74
Engine Hoists and Transmission Jacks
• Other lifting devices and jacking devices
consist of engine lifts and transmission jacks.
• The same rules apply to these. Read the
manuals and have an experienced technician
show you how to use them.
75
76
Lift on Level Ground
• Always lift cars on level ground; never on tilted
floors or floors with different heights.
• Any time something "feels funny" or the balance
doesn't look right, stop what you are doing and
rethink the use of the tool and/or get a second
opinion.
77
Power Tools
78
Common Power Tool Injuries
• Standing in water while using electrical tools
• Using tools with worn or frayed extension cords
and plugs
• Using an electric tool around flammable
materials
• Not using protective eyewear while drilling or
grinding
• Blowing an air nozzle close to ears
79
Common Power Tool Injuries
• Blowing an air nozzle without protective eye
wear (blow back)
• Blowing an air nozzle without respirator
protection (asbestos on clutch parts)
• Clothing and jewelry catching on rotating
equipment (grinders, drill presses, polishers)
• Using an air chisel without ear, eye, or gloves
for protection
Electrical Cords
80
• Many shops fail to check
their cords for shorts that
could lead to electocution.
• A short circuit locator can
be run along cords that are
used in the shop to locate
shorts or open circuits.
• This can help improve
safety and find potential
hazards in cords.
81
Avoiding Injury
•
•
•
•
Wear the proper safety gloves, glasses, and ear protection
Never carry a tool by its cord
Never yank a cord or hose to disconnect it from the receptacle
Disconnect tools when:
– Not using them
– Before servicing and cleaning
– When changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters
• Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate
the tool
Avoiding Injury [cont.]
• Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on
the switch button while carrying a plugged-in
tool
• Follow instructions in the user's manual for
lubricating and changing accessories
• Remove all damaged portable electric tools from
work area and tag them: "Do Not Use"
• Make sure machine guards are in place
82
Missing Ground Pins
• Never use an electrical
device where the safety
ground pin has been
removed !!
83
Avoiding Injury [cont.]
• Select the right tool for the job. Don't try to
make them do something they're not designed
for
• Don't wear loose clothes, ties, jewelry, or gloves
that could get caught in the machinery
• Keep the work area clean. Be careful of
flammable materials that could catch fire if
ignited by a spark from the tools
84
85
Welding
Equipment
Welding Equipment
• 2 types of commonly used welding
equipment in the auto repair trade
– Oxygen/Acetylene Welder
– Metal and Inert Gas Welder
86
Oxy-Acetylene Safety
• Never use an "oxy/acetylene" unit
without training.
• The oxygen/acetylene welder has two tanks
of highly compressed gases that when
combined with a spark, create an amazing
amount of heat in a controlled flame.
• Hollywood movies like "Jaws" have
focused on the power of compressed gas.
(Remember when the shark was blown up
by the diver's compressed air tanks?)
87
Oxy-Acetylene Safety
• The oxygen tank is one concern, but the really
dangerous part is the highly flammable acetylene gas,
which is also compressed.
• This is the fuel for the high energy welding or cutting
torch.
• This is a gas which burns rapidly on its own. It's
explosive! If gauges are not properly set up, if users
aren't trained properly, if gas isn't turned off, and if
tanks are not stored properly…the dangers are very
high!
88
Cylinder Storage and Transport
• Store cylinders in dry, ventilated areas on a fireproof floor, away
from flammables or heat sources
• Transport cylinders by strapping them to carts so they don't fall
or bang into each other; never drop or roll a cylinder
• Use cylinders only in areas with good ventilation, with nothing
around that could burn or explode
• Keep valves closed when cylinders are empty or not in use, and
open them slowly when you have to
• Keep valve protection caps in place when cylinders are not in
use
• Light flames according to manufacturer's instructions
89
90
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or
Wire Welders
• You must have the proper
training and safety
equipment before using a
GMAW welder.
Arc Welding Hazards
• Eye injuries - The extreme brilliance of the light can burn the
retina
• Sparks and Spatter - The wire welder creates little fountains of
flying sparks and small amounts of molten metal spatter that
can burn an unprotected person and can set tiny small fires that
may not be instantly recognizable
• Electrical "arcing"
– Gold and silver rings can receive an "arc" and turn molten. This super
hot molten metal can literally burn fingers off
– Necklaces, metal piercings (such as navel, nipple, nose, etc.) can draw
an arc under the "wrong" circumstances
91
Welding – Fire prevention
• Proper fire extinguishers should be very close
to the person welding, brazing or cutting.
• Experienced welders always have large squirt
bottles of water to cool the welded area or
quench places where hot sparks or particles
may have leaped.
• Many keep a bucket of water or hose nearby as
well
92
Personal Protective Equipment
• Trained welders always wear the correct
protective clothing, especially eye and face
protection, hand protection and fireproof
clothing.
• Even shoestrings can catch fire from the hot
"bee bee's" of spatter and slag that are part of the
welding process.
93
94
Respirator
s and Air
Quality
Respirators and Air Quality
• The key areas where pollution and personal
risk occur usually are:
– Brake and clutch repair (where there may be
asbestos)
– Auto body and refinishing (painting) and around
brake and use a respirator
– Closed areas where exhaust fumes may collect
95
Preventing respiratory injury
• Understand where there are respiratory risks in the
automotive workplace
• Get trained on reducing these risks whenever possible
• Understand when and how to use the right equipment
(such as exhaust equipment or paint booths)
• Use personal protective equipment EVERY time to
protect yourself (brake wash, respirators, etc.)
96
97
Brake and Clutch Work
• The aqueous cleaner
may also be used to wet
down clutch assemblies
prior to disassembly
• Use an aqueous
cleaner machine
to wet down
brake shoes prior
to disassembly
98
Exhaust Extraction Systems
• Carbon Monoxide [CO] can impede breathing,
produce fatigue, headache, weakness, nausea,
and dizziness, and at very high levels can cause
death.
• CO is invisible and is heavier than air.
• In a closed space it fills up from the floor and
silently moves up, much like a swimming pool
filling up.
Carbon Monoxide
• If the garage door is open, the
carbon monoxide tends to
flow out like water.
• With open doors the level is
usually acceptable according
to OSHA regulations;
however, it is still a good idea
to use the exhaust extraction
system just to be safe.
• When the garage door is
closed, though, always put
the hose over the car's
tailpipe before working on it
99
Short engine startups
• The highest levels of CO occur in the first few
minutes of operation before the engine and
catalytic converter warm up.
• Never think that running the motor “just for a
few minutes” won’t hurt anything. It will!
100
101
Automobile
Accidents
Operating Motor Vehicles
• Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause
of
work related fatalities in the U.S
• In the automotive industry, people are
constantly moving cars on and off the street and
in and out of stalls at repair facilities.
• Accidents can happen on the road as well as in
the shop.
102
When operating a vehicle:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Walk Around - Prior to driving an unfamiliar vehicle, check
tire condition as appropriate, and any other problem that
may be visible.
Identify any liability issues as well...check for dents and
damage before you drive
Fit yourself to the car - adjust the seat so you can reach the
pedals and steering wheel
Make sure you can see. Adjust the mirrors and check all the
windows. Do not drive with vision obscured
Buckle up before you operate any vehicle
Never operate a motor vehicle under the influence of
alcohol, drugs, or prescription medicines that have a
warning against driving
103
Valid Driver's License
• Most dealerships and independent repair shops
require employees to prove that they have a
valid driver's license.
• The company you work for will not allow you
to operate a vehicle on public streets without a
valid driver's license.
• If you lose your driver's license for any reason,
you must notify your supervisor immediately!
104
105
Blood Borne
Pathogens
Blood Borne Pathogens
• Blood Borne Pathogens are communicated most
easily from person to person by contact with blood.
• Hospital workers are well informed and extremely
sensitive about being infected by exposure to diseases
known as "pathogens" that are carried by blood.
• Although not a common problem, every automotive
worker will come in contact with "an incident" where
they must make a decision on how to handle a blood
borne pathogen.
106
Pathogens
• Blood borne pathogens such as HIV/AIDS (left) and
Hepatitis B (right) can be transferred through blood.
107
108
Likely Sources
• Vehicles damaged in accidents are the most likely
source for blood, small pieces of tissue, or other
fluids.
• Treat all bodily fluids as if they contain blood.
Who is at Risk?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Auto recycler (salvage) disassembler
Auto body technicians
Auto body detail or cleanup specialists
Insurance claims staffs
Airbag technicians
Mechanics working inside accident vehicles on
airbags, seat belts, steering wheels, interiors
109
Examples of Exposure
• Three Common Examples of Potential Blood Borne
Pathogen Contact:
– A worker gets a nasty cut and asks you to help clean
and bandage the wound
– A co-worker who is a diabetic forgets and leaves an
unprotected syringe in the restroom
– A co-worker bumps into a sharp edge of sheet metal
which penetrates the skin
110
Handling Blood or Bodily Fluids
• Immediately put on protective gloves and glasses
before coming in contact with fluids or dried blood
• Treat all bodily fluids, including dried blood residues,
as if they contain blood
• If you get blood or fluids on your skin, wash
thoroughly with hot soap and water as soon as possible
• If you anticipate airborne blood such as a sneeze from
someone with a bloody nose, put on a surgical style
particle mask or shop respirator and glasses
111
Handling Contamination
• Clean blood with proper disinfectants
• Dispose of contaminated "sharp objects" including
sheet metal, glass, etc., in such a way they will not
come in contact again with others
• Separate contaminated clothing such as uniforms into
plastic bags and label "Clothing Contains Blood" on the
bag
• Dispose of gloves by turning inside out and wrapping
in a protective bag before discarding
• Wash your hands, arms, and face thoroughly with soap
and water after cleanup
112
Use Gloves for Cleanup
• For cleaning up glass or sharp objects that may have
blood, use protective nitrile type gloves UNDER work
gloves.
• Never use protective gloves twice or try to clean them!
• Reusable clothing, such as washable work gloves and
uniforms, should be washed, using a normal laundry
cycle, according to the instructions of detergent and
machine manufacturers.
113
Contact of Blood With Open Cuts, Wounds
• For concerns over high risk contacts, an
antimicrobial surgical hand scrub should be
used as soon as possible.
• Notify your safety director and contact a
doctor as soon as possible
114
Disinfectants
• Disinfectants kill the viruses or
bacteria so they are no longer
harmful. The most common
are:
 Chlorine (common laundry bleach): Use straight out of the bottle.
Again, use protective gloves and glasses, it's a strong irritant, but kills
most bacteria and viruses. Corrosive to metal surfaces.
 Alcohols: Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol: Use straight out of the bottle. It
has 75-80% alcohol concentration and is a good general purpose
disinfectant.
115
Methods of Sterilization or Disinfection of Vehicles
• On hard plastic and vinyl items, blood may be washed
off with soap and water.
• If there is extensive dried blood, use bleach or a
solution of bleach.
• Remember, bleach is corrosive and may stain some
plastics, so experiment with a small area that does not
show before wiping a large area and doing damage.
• Bleach WILL stain cloth interiors.
• If bleach damages a small area you may try a "sterilant"
or "disinfectant" which may not do damage.
116
117
Workplace
Anger
Workplace Anger
• After work related automobile accidents,
workplace anger is the second most likely way
people die on the job.
• Approximately 1,000 homicides in the
workplace are reported annually in the United
States.
118
Workplace Anger
• According to the Workplace Violence Research
Institute (at OSHA), every day in the U.S.
workplace there are:
– 43,800 people harassed
– 16,400 threats made
– 723 people attacked
– 2.7 people murdered
119
Anger Assessment
• Here are several warning signs that your anger or that
of an associate is about to spill over:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Separation from others
Not taking responsibility for one's actions
Controlling behavior
Acting one way, but talking another
Actions out of character...actions to shock others
Having one point of view and not open to others
Addictions to gambling, alcohol, drugs
120
121
Anger Management
* Example – your boss yells at you for a minor mistake.
Options
Common Results
Listen, but don't react; take deep
breaths
Anger temporarily resolved, remain in
control
Go back to work and work harder
Work anger off, be productive
Think, "Boy he's having a bad day"
Wisdom - Understand that someone
else is having a bad day
Loudly argue the point
Prove nothing, raise blood pressure,
look out of control, lose money,
and run the risk of being fired
122
Hazardous Chemicals
and MSDS
Hazardous Chemicals and MSDS
• OSHA requires employers to provide their
employees with detailed information and
training on the chemicals they work with and
keep the information where it is easy to access.
• MSDS Sheets should be kept in an easy to find
place
and all employees should know where they are.
123
3 Ways Information is relayed to the
user
1. Labels on the containers of chemicals
2. A material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each
chemical in use at the worksite - maintained in
an easily accessible location
3. Training sessions on the chemicals you use on
your job and how to protect yourself from
being harmed by them.
124
Read the Label!
• The label can provide a lot of useful
information, such as:
– Warnings
– Directions on proper usage
– First aid information in case of exposure or an
emergency
125
MSDS: More In-Depth Information
• The material safety data
sheets contain more detailed
information than the labels.
• You should become familiar
with this information
BEFORE you begin
working with the chemicals.
• Refer to the sheets to solve
other problems, such as
what to do in case of
leakage or a spill.
126
Health Explanations
• Acute or chronic effects: A chemical that is acutely
toxic can injure you after a single exposure. This is
different than other chemicals that may harm you after
repeated or prolonged use.
• Route of entry: How a chemical may enter the human
body - such as inhaling, swallowing, breathing or
through skin absorption. The possible route of entry is
important to know and helps you determine what
personal protective equipment (PPE) you should use
when handling the substance.
127
Local or Systemic reaction:
• There are two ways your body can react when you are
exposed to a toxic chemical. You can experience one
of the reactions or both reactions at the same time.
• A Local reaction will occur at the site of the
exposure, such as irritations or damage to the skin,
eyes, or lungs.
• A Systemic reaction occurs when chemicals enter the
bloodstream through the skin, eyes, mouth, or lungs.
Your entire body can be damaged. This means your
whole "system" is reacting.
128
Health Explanations
129
• Target organs: Organs in your body that are damaged by a
systemic reaction to a hazardous chemical, such as the liver,
heart, lungs or kidneys
• Permissible exposure limit (PEL): Some chemicals have almost
no problem unless they come in contact with you for a long
period of time. Soap is a good example. A common bar of soap is
a group of chemicals that you use every day. However, if you
hold a wet bar of soap against your skin for a long period, you
may develop a rash. The Permissible Exposure Limit
measurement will tell you the average amount of a chemical that
you can safely be exposed to over an 8-hour period.
Health Explanations
130
• Compatibility: Toward the bottom of every
MSDS is a section that describes what chemicals
the material should not be mixed with. For
example, chlorine bleach mixed with ammonia
can cause an extremely toxic gas. If you have
any questions about the chemical terminology,
check with your supervisor
131
MSDS
• If you aren't sure of
chemicals or supplies,
check the MSDS sheet
and/or ask your direct
supervisor or a
knowledgeable coworker
who has experience with
the proper usage.
General Precautions
• Never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals in
the work area
• Keep flammable and explosive material away
from any heat sources
• Make sure there is enough ventilation in the
work area. If you feel the slightest amount of
dizziness or nausea, report the incident
immediately to your supervisor
132
General Precautions
• Use the right personal protective equipment. This may
include gloves, safety glasses, masks, respirators, and
work clothes, depending on the type of chemicals you
are using. Keep all equipment clean and report any
damage
• Know how to properly dispose of all contaminated
materials
• Always use established procedures for handling,
storing, or transporting hazardous chemicals
133
Clear Labels
• All containers for chemicals should be clearly
labeled with the product name, part number or
ID number.
• They should also be labeled with the name and
address of the manufacturer, importer, or
distributor.
• This information is also available on the MSDS.
134
Secondary Containers
• In some shops we buy chemicals in bulk, but
we pour them into smaller containers to use
them, and we don't label the second container.
• Whenever a chemical is dispensed from its
original container into a secondary container,
the secondary container must be labeled to
show the product's name and information.
135
Secondary Containers
• Some containers can have leftover residue that
could still cause harm or be dangerous.
• When original containers or secondary
containers have been emptied of usable material,
they should be drained, emptied, and cleaned as
appropriate for reuse or disposal.
136
High voltage electrical testing
• Hybrid and electric vehicles have high voltage
electrical system components.
• Touching any high voltage conductor can be
fatal
• High voltage can jump across a small air gap so
it is possible to receive a fatal shock without
actually touching a conductor
©2005 Porter and Chester Institute
/
Connecticut School of Electronics
137
High voltage electrical testing
• An orange wiring harness cover indicates high voltage
conductors
• Do not disconnect or test and wires that are inside an
orange harness cover until the high voltage system has
been shut down
138
• When testing
electrical
components of a
hybrid or EV high
voltage rubber
gloves must be
worn
• Leather glove
covers should be
worn over the
rubber gloves
• CAT 3 rated test
leads are also
required
High voltage
electrical testing
139
Additional Information
• http://www.osha.gov
• http://www.ccar-greenlink.org
• http://www.epa.gov
140
141
PORTER
AND
CHESTER
INSTITUTE