Transcript Introduction to Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

Introduction to Biotechnology
& Genetic Engineering
Introduction to Biotechnology &
Genetic Engineering
• Humans manipulate how traits pass on
Selective Breeding
• Allowing only those organisms with
desired characteristics to produce the next
generation
• Pass desired traits onto next generation
• Done with domestic organisms
– Ex. Only letting two specific German
Shepherds breed due to having desired
German Shepherd traits/colors/markings/etc.
Hybridization
• Crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring
together the best of both organisms
• Offspring are often hardier than parents
– Ex. Can withstand more extreme
temperatures, more endurance, need less
water, etc.
Some Hybrid Examples
A Tigon – a cross between a male
tiger and a female lion.
Some Hybrid Examples
A Liger – a
cross
between a
male lion
and a female
tiger.
Some Hybrid Examples
A Zorse – a
cross
between a
male zebra
and a female
horse.
Some Hybrid Examples
A Mule – a cross between a male
donkey and a female horse.
Some Hybrid Examples
A Beefalo – a cross between a
buffalo/bison and cattle.
Some Hybrid Examples
A leopon – a leopard and a lion
cross.
Some Hybrid Examples
Some Hybrid Examples
A Cama – a cross between a llama
and a camel.
Some Hybrid Examples
Labradoodles – a cross between
labradors and poodles.
Some Hybrid Examples
Goldendoodles – a cross between
golden retrievers and poodles.
Some Hybrid Examples
Many of the wide variations in the
colors of flowers is due to
hybridization.
Inbreeding
• Continued breeding of individuals with
similar characteristics
• Ensures that the characteristics that make
each breed unique are preserved
• Done with dogs, cats, horses, etc
• Does have risk for exposing genetic
defects
– Ex. Hip problems in German Shepherds, and
many large dog breeds
Increasing Variation
• Breeders can increase the genetic
variation in a population by incorporating
mutations
• Mutations are the ultimate source of
genetic variability