Transcript 14.01 - SharpSchool

Objective 14.01
What are the major parts of a plant
including the anatomical parts
and what are the distinguishing
characteristics of each?
Plant Parts
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Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers
Leaves-External
• Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the
leaf to the stem
• Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf
• Midrib-the large center vein
• Veins-the structural framework of the leaf
• Margin-the edge of the leaf
Leaves-External
Leaves-Internal
• Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf
that prevents the loss of too much
moisture
• Stomates-small openings under the leaf
for breathing or transpiration
• Guard Cells-open and close stomates
Leaves-Internal
• Chloroplasts-small green particles that
contain chlorophyll
– gives leaves their green color
– necessary for photosynthesis
Leaves-Internal
Leaves-Internal
Stems-External
• Lenticels-breathing pores
• Bud scale scars-show where terminal
buds have been located
• Leaf Scars-show where leaves were
attached
• Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem
• Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of
stem
Stems-Internal
• Xylem-tissue that transports water and
nutrients up from the roots to stems and
leaves
• Phloem-tissue that transports food down
from leaves to roots
Stems-Internal
Phloem
Phloem
Xylem
Stems-Internal
• Cambium-thin, green, actively growing
tissue located between bark and wood and
produces all new stem cells
• Bark-old inactive phloem
• Heartwood-old inactive xylem
• Sapwood-new active xylem
Stems-Internal
Bark
Cambium
Sapwood
Heartwood
Stems-Internal
• Monocota-plant stems have vascular
bundles that contain both xylem and
phloem in each bundle
– examples: corn, grasses
• Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer
and xylem layer separated by cambium
– example: trees
Stems-Internal
Monocot
Dicot
Roots-External
• Root cap-indicates growth of new cells
• Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and
minerals
Root
images
from a rice
plant
Roots-Internal
• Much like stems in that they have a
phloem, cambium, and xylem layer
• Phloem-the outer layer that carries food
down the root
• Xylem-the inner layer that carries water
and minerals up to the stem
Layers of Roots
• Fibrous-many branched shallow roots
– are easier to transplant
• Tap-long root with few branched ones
– more difficult to transplant
Flowers
• Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect
flower bud before it opens
• Petals-are really leaves that are modified
to attract insects for flower pollination, the
pretty part that we call flowers
• Stamen-male part of the flower
• Pistil-female part of the flower
Flowers
Parts of the Stamen
• Filament-short stalk that holds up
the anther
• Anther-a sac-like structure that
contains pollen, the male sex cells
Parts of the Pistil
• Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that
become seeds if fertilized
• Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed
coat
• Style-holds up the stigma and connects it
to the ovary
• Stigma-sticky part on top of style where
insects leave pollen
Parts of the Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Complete-vs-Incomplete
• Complete flowers have both male and
female parts
• Incomplete flowers have only male or
female parts
• What are the major parts of a plant
including the anatomical parts and
what are the distinguishing
characteristics of each?