Transcript Wellesley Urban Health Community

CBR 207:
Writing Effective Community-Based Research
Proposals
Welcome &Introductions
 Name
 Affiliation
 What is your experience with CBR and/or proposal
writing?
 What are your concerns about writing a research
proposal?
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Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this workshop you will be able to:
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Differentiate between Community Based Research (CBR) and
Academic research
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Describe the various components of a CBR proposal, including a
letter of intent
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Describe the basic elements required in the preparation of a
Research Proposal and their purpose.
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Create a research outline that includes: community research
priorities, questions, rationale, objectives, methodology and data
analysis plan, ethical considerations, timeline and budget, and
action outcomes
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Agenda
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Definition of CBR
CBR vs. traditional academic research
Benefits of CBR
Key components of a CBR proposal
LUNCH
• Theory into Practice:
 Identify community research priorities, questions, rationale, and
objectives
• Methodology and data analysis plan,
• Ethical issues, timeline and budget, and action outcomes
• Wrap -Up
NOTE: CBR is a collaborative process, so we will be collaborative today!
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Research Proposals
Brainstorm activity
In your small groups, brainstorm answers to the
following questions:
1. What is a research proposal?
2. What are the components of a CBR proposal?
Be prepared to present your answers to the class.
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Definitions of CBR
“CBR is research that is conducted by, with or for communities” (Sclove et
al., 1998)
“CBR is research with a substantial level of community participation for
the purposes of community improvement and social change” (Loka
Institute, 2002)
CBR is a “...collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all
partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths
that each brings. CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to
the community with the aim of combining knowledge and action for
social change to improve community health and eliminate health
disparities” (W. K. Kellogg Community Health Scholars Program , as
cited in Minkler & Wallerstein, 2003)
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Principles of CBR
capacity
enhancing
processoriented
ethical review
community
relevance
CBR
collaboration
joint data
ownership
sound methods
social action
outcomes
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Academic Research vs. CBR
Academic Research
CBR
Outside Expert
Team of Stakeholders
Expert defines what needs to be
researched and how
Stakeholders collectively decide
focus of research
Report may or may not be used
to make changes
Early buy-in from stakeholders
increases impact
Capacity leaves with expert
Capacity is built internally
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Sample CBR Proposal
Take a moment to read the sample CBR proposal to
yourself. Then, as a group, we will discuss the
following questions:
• What are your impressions of this sample CBR proposal?
• Did anything surprise you?
• What are the proposal’s strengths and weaknesses?
• What questions do you have about it?
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Key Components of a CBR Proposal
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Letter of Intent
Abstract
Background/Rationale
Research Objectives
Research Question(s)
Literature Review
Research Methods
8. Ethical considerations
9. Human resources & team
skills
10. Community involvement
11. Budget
12. Timeline
1. Letter of Intent
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What is a letter of intent?
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How is it different from a CBR proposal?
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1. Letter of Intent cont’d …
Letters of Intent should:
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be well-informed
have clearly defined objectives
demonstrate strong community ties
be relevant to community needs
demonstrate innovation
demonstrate collaborative approaches
have policy, social change, programming benefits
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1. Letter of Intent cont’d …
Choose your funder(s) wisely:
 Wellesley
 CIHR
 SSHRC
 City
 Health Canada
 Laidlaw
 United Way
 Trillium
 Who else?
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2. Abstract
Background
The purpose of this research is to fill a gap in
knowledge regarding the housing status of people
living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) in Ontario. This
study will investigate the types of supports that
PHAs believe they need in order to secure safe,
affordable housing.
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2. Abstract
Research Goals and Objectives
The goal of this research is to increase knowledge about the housing
needs and experiences of PHAs and to highlight the ways in which current
social policy in this area impacts on their housing situation. Iinterrelated
housing issues for PHAs will be examined by:
a)establishing a baseline of the housing status of PHAs in Ontario;
b)identifying the range of housing options currently available to PHAs;
c)identifying the characteristics of appropriate housing for PHAs; and,
d)determining housing options required by PHAs that will ensure access
to health and social services.
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2. Abstract
Methodology
The target population of the survey will be a cross-section of PHAs in Ontario who
are living in a range of housing situations and the study sample of 500 individuals
will be stratified into groups according to: gender, region, PHAs from HIVendemic countries, and PHAs from Aboriginal communities. Interviews with key
informants about their knowledge/experience of current housing policies and how
they impact on the lives of PHAs will also be conducted. Surveys will be analyzed
using the SPSS quantitative data analysis program; qualitative data will be
analyzed using thematic analysis.
Outcomes
The study will provide valuable information on how policy can be developed in
such a way as to increase access to affordable and appropriate housing for PHAs
in Ontario.
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3. Research Rationale
Rationale (no more than a couple of paragraphs)
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Sets the context for the research
Connects study to funding priorities
Anticipated use of findings
Allows reviewers to follow your thoughts
Helps to determine how community was involved in
determining need
Example:
 There is an increased risk of HIV infection among
youth who migrate to Ottawa and other large centres
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4. Research Objectives
A paragraph or two…
• Builds on rationale
• Clearly stated and realistic
• Empirical (measurable, observable)
- This research will seek to identify the factors that place
migrant youth at risk for HIV.
- This research will seek to explain the quality of
life/service/policy issues among migrant youth.
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5. Research questions
A paragraph or less…. The specific questions your
research will address to achieve your objectives.
 “What specific factors place youth who migrate to
Ottawa from rural communities at risk for HIV
infection.”
 “What specific issues impact quality of life, and
service and programming needs?”
 “How do certain policies impact on migrant youth?”
How will community be involved in answering them?
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From Theory to Practice…
Rationale:
There is an increased incidence of antiMuslim violence in Ottawa-area high
schools.
1. Determine your research objective(s).
2. Determine your research questions.
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Individual & Partner Work
1. On your own, come up with a research rationale
relevant to you and/or your organization. This should
be related to a pressing problem in the community and
ideally should be fundable
(You will need to research funding guidelines carefully
before deciding on your rationale.)
2. Develop research objectives and questions for your
rationale.
3. Share with a partner to get feedback. Revise as
necessary.
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6. Literature Review
What is literature?
Scientific journals, published reports, unpublished reports, books,
conference abstracts, web resources, etc.
1. Demonstrates your understanding of the subject matter;
2. Makes the case for the importance of your research study
in relation to:
• practice and programming
• the field of knowledge
• stakeholders
• policy
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6. Literature Review cont’d …
What is the purpose and value of a literature review?
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To find out what prior research has already been done on
your topic.
To situate your work among that which has already been
completed.
To learn from others successes and mistakes (ie. Best
practices vs. Worst Nightmares)
To give your work credibility.
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6. Literature Review
Writing the review….
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Length? Usually 10 pages (of a 20 page proposal)
Keep it logical, succinct, and focused
– breadth without exhaustion
Focus on findings:
-- avoid long descriptions of study methods
Review methods or sampling for trends
Use combined references
Make it persuasive – position yourself!
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6. Literature Review cont’d …
Writing the review….
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What obvious gaps appear in the literature?
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Connect and focus your ‘rationale’ on the
gaps in the literature.
***
For more information register for the “CBR 107: How to
Conduct a Literature Review” workshop.
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7. Research Methods
What is the difference between
quantitative and qualitative
research methods?
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7. Quantitative Methods (Numbers)
• Macro-level analysis
• How many? How often? Where?
• Trends: is there a change in number, frequency or
distribution?
• What is the significance of the change(s) to my research?
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7. Quantitative Methods cont’d …
(Numbers)
Surveys
• Useful for obtaining information about respondents
knowledge, attitudes or behaviours
• Provide a “snap-shot” of what’s going on, or
implement longitudinally
• Often used in evaluations
- Impact of program (e.g. support group)
**See sample survey in your handout booklet**
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7. Qualitative Methods
(Experience and Meaning)
• Views participants as experts of their own experience,
situation, behaviour etc.
• In-depth understanding of behaviour and social
reality
• Gives meaning to otherwise abstract numbers
• Allows for the “unexpected” to emerge
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7. Qualitative Methods
(Experience and Meaning)
Interviews:
 structured, semi-structured, or unstructured
Focus groups:
 loosely structured discussions related to some key
topic(s), facilitated by researcher
Participant observation:
 direct involvement in and observation of social
behaviour
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Choosing a method
EXERCISE…
Based on the research questions you identified earlier, list
the research method(s) you would use.
Provide rationale to support your answer
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Analysis
Using the Analysis Questions page in Participant
Workbook 1, briefly jot down answers to the following
questions:
What are you going to do with all the ‘data’ you collect?
How will you make sense of it?
How will you interpret your findings?
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Analysis
Be SPECIFIC
GOOD TIP:
 Check out articles using similar methods - how do
they describe their methods and analysis?
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8. Ethics Review
Important Ethical Considerations
 Safety: do no harm
• Beneficence
 Anonymity/Confidentiality
 Informed Consent
 Respect & Dignity
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8. Ethical Review Process
• Involves submitting an Ethics Protocol to an Ethics
Review Board comprised of researchers, ethicists,
community members, privacy officers
• Ensures that you consider ethical issues and problem
solve upfront with your research team
• Forces you to put down on paper how you will handle
potential mine-fields
• Ensures that other ‘objective’ eyes will review your
processes
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8. Ethical Issues
Working in groups discuss the ethical implications involved
with the scenario below.
You are studying a new program for drug-addicted
adults. A member of your research team was one of the
founders of the new program but is no longer working
there. He offers to lead some of the counseling sessions
that are part of the study.
1. For whom are the ethical concerns applicable?
2. What could be done to correct the ethical issues?
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8. Anticipating Ethical Issues
1. What ethical issues do you anticipate for your study?
2. How might you prevent these issues from occurring
and/or deal with them if they come up?
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8. Ethics Review
Important ethical considerations in communitybased research
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Benefits for community members
Skill-building opportunities
Employment opportunities
Increased understanding of personal circumstances/self
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8. Ethics Review
Approval process
• How do you get an ethics review?
*** For more information register for the “CBR 102:
Ethical Issues in CBR” workshop.
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9. Identifying Resources
Human Resources
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skill sets
knowledge of research methods/issues
knowledge of community issues
facilitation, conflict resolution, team-building
community members
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10. Community Involvement
Think about your own CBR project and answer the
following questions:
1. How was the community involved in determining this
idea as a priority?
2. How will they continue to be involved throughout the
duration of the research project?
3. What skill-building opportunities are there for
community members involved in the research?
4. How is the community of concern benefiting from the
research?
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11. Budget (Sample)
YR 1 ($)
Personnel
YR 2 ($)
Total
45,000.00
45,000.00
90,000.00
Travel
5,000.00
5,000.00
10,000.00
Supplies & Services
7,500.00
5,000.00
12,500.00
-
2,500.00
2,500.00
57,500.00
$ 57,500.00
$ 115,000.00
Dissemination
Totals
$
$
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11. Budget
• What are your experiences with budgeting?
• Any tips to share?
***
For more information register for the “CAP 106: An Intro to
Financial Management” workshop.
11. Budget
(Examples for Supplies & Services
Office supplies – pens, paper, tape, copying, toner
(60.00/mo. X 9 months)
$
540.00
Telephone rental/long distance/internet
(70.00/mo. X 9 months)
$
630.00
Community newspaper advertisement (4*$195/ad)
$
780.00
Colour Promotional Fliers and Posters (250*$1each
plus tax)
$
300.00
Respondent reimbursement (90 x $20.00)
$
1,800.00
Workshop/focus group transcription services (9
groups* 2 hours* 8 hrs per hour of tape * $20/hr)
$
2,880.00
Translation Services (9 groups * 2 hours * $25/hr)
$
540.00
Total Supplies and Services
$
7,470.00
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12. Sample Timeline
Think of one activity for your timeline and record the timeframe, outcomes, and indicators
for success on your Timeline Template.
Activity
Time
Frame
Outcomes
Indicators of
Success
Submission of protocol to
ethics at all sites.
February
2008 to
March,
2008
Ethics submission completed at
all sites.
Ethics approval obtained
at all sites.
Initiate monthly project
team meetings.
Create recruitment plan
at each partner site.
Develop plan to hire
youth in various
capacities on the project.
February,
2008 to
April
2008
Monthly meetings of
collaborative research team.
Plan developed for recruitment.
Potential youth are identified
who could work with the team.
Various roles are identified to
engage as many youth as
possible.
Meetings occur and
include all embers,
including youth &
community members.
Plan is feasible &
supported by the team.
Role descriptions
developed.
Pilot test standardized
assessments at the
community partner sites.
(N=5) and modify
assessment protocol, as
necessary.
April
2008
Pilot data collected.
Protocol modified
according to pilot results;
ethics up-dated as
necessary.
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13. Review Process
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Waiting period
Reviewer comments
Funder comments
Funded or not
Minor revisions
Major revisions
Re-submissions
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REVIEW –
Key Components of a CBR Proposal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Letter of Intent
Abstract
Background/Rationale
Research Objectives
Research Question(s)
Literature Review
Research Methods
8. Ethical considerations
9. Human resources & team
skills
10. Community involvement
11. Budget
12. Timeline
Workshop Objectives
Having completed this workshop you should now be able to:
•
Differentiate between Community Based Researach (CBR) and
Academic research
•
Describe the various components of a CBR proposal, including a letter
of intent
•
Describe the basic elements required in the preparation of a Research
Proposal and their purpose.
•
Create a research outline that includes: community research priorities,
questions, rationale, objectives, methodology and data analysis plan,
ethical considerations, timeline and budget, and action outcomes
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Workshop Evaluation
Your feedback is extremely important!
Please complete the workshop evaluation….
Thank you!
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Wellesley Urban Health
Capacity Building Workshop Series
CBR 207
Writing Effective Community-Based Research Proposals
CBR 207:
Writing Effective Community-Based Research
Proposals