Presentation by John Winterdyk Director, Centre for Criminology and Justice Research Mount Royal University Calgary, Alberta, CANADA Adjunct professor: St. Thomas Un, Un. of Regina and Polytechnic of Namibia Oct. , 2011 CN Congress Oct. 26-29/11 4/27/2020 1

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Crime = skill + motivation + opportunity

Skill – no uniformity….reactive

◦ ◦ Motivation/desire – no uniformity…reactive Opportunity (target)– risk and protective…

proactive

 Felson & Cohen

Crime is

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    Types: ◦ Primary – individual and family levels factors (parenting skills) ◦ ◦ Secondary – strategies/techniques to address RISK factors (police hot spots; social programs – D. Olds prenatal) Tertiary – after crime occurs (post 9/11 and border security, airport screening) Addressing offences vs. offending Addressing protective and risk factors ◦ The multiplicity and diversity of the risk factors …..and beyond ‘risk’ & ‘protective’ factors…

.SROI

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  Individual ◦ Prior history ◦ ◦ Drugs and/or alcohol Limited education ◦ ◦ ◦ Mental health (Violent) victimization Low/poor self-control…impulsive Peer group ◦ Interaction with other delinquents ◦ ◦ Street socialization Friends who use drugs and/or are involved in gang activities ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 4

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School

Poor performance, low aspirations, poor teacher role models…

Family

◦ ◦ Unstable home environment, drugs/crime in the family, extreme economic deprivation…

Community

Notable social disorganization…drugs, DV, gangs, etc.

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◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Positive attitudes, values or beliefs /positive self-esteem Conflict resolution skills Good mental, physical, spiritual and emotional health Success at school / steady employment / stable housing Good parenting skills Strong social supports Community engagement Problem-solving skills Positive adult role models, coaches, mentors Healthy prenatal and early childhood development Good peer group/friends /social network Availability of services (social, recreational, cultural, etc.) ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 6

  a principles-based method for measuring extra financial value UK roots around 2006 (NL also active) ◦ BENEFITS: Communication; more effective decisions; focus on the important; investment mentality; clarity of governance ◦ LIMITATIONS: not everything can be monetized; over reliance; intensive first time; some outcomes (self esteem) cannot be monetized ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 7

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Safe(r) Communities

“brings together provincial & municipal governments + law enforcement agencies + community groups + the business sector + social agencies to ensure Alberta remains a place where we are all free to live, work and thrive.” ◦ 9 prov. ministries!

◦ ◦ $60+ million over 5 years (SCIF) Seed money to the CCJR ◦ ◦ Community hearings Report and 32 recommendations   Gang reduction, safe communities, youth at risk Shift to prevention and engage communities ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 8

  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 30 projects Topics range from: ◦ Human trafficking – better service and support Identity theft – Bullying Domestic violence – Youth gangs – Dating violence –  ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Current projects: ◦ Teen courts – viable alternative? Homelessness – impact of by-laws Human trafficking – PACT – police and mental health Building Bridges Domestic violence ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 9

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total cost of crime per year $47 billion CDN 1993 Bob Horner report on Crime Prevention

1% of CJS budget per year towards CP over five years 5% of budget after 5 years…reality!

1996 report by NCPC (National CP Council)

     The evidence is conclusive that the most effective way to prevent crime is to: ensure healthier children, stronger families, better schools, and; more cohesive communities. Crime prevention through social development (CPSD) is a sound investment.

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 School age children/youth (multiple risk factors): ◦ S4 Project – Start Smart Stay Safe – police, schools boards, & community partners. A strength based model …build ‘resilience’  universal  Aboriginal and Northern communities ◦ 3% of pop. 20+% offender population  Drugs, gangs, homelessness, etc.

 foreigners  ‘Newcomers’ – anomie, opportunity, education…numerous risk factors  Priority crime issues: youth gangs, drug-related crimes, homelessness, transnational crime ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 11

     Bridging linkages between government, NGOs, CJS agencies – link evidence based research to programs/capacity building Avoiding ‘displacement’ effect ◦ collective International collaboration… “we’re all dealing with the same thing” ◦ Invest in social development/opportunity Incorporating SROIs into evaluations Avoiding “death by project”… strategies to help sustainability of the successful programs  www.ccjr.ca

please visit us ESC - Sept. 22-24/11 4/27/2020 12