Transcript Poetic moments… - Ms. Rose's English Treasure Trove

A guide to writing poetry
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Read the examples on each of the following
slides. As each slide appears write down on a
sheet of looseleaf what poetic term you think
the example is representing.
Answers will be reviewed and discussed after
all students have written their answers.
Definition: Comparison using ‘like’ or ‘as’.
Ex. Your hair is as golden as the sun.
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Answer: Simile
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The personality of a speaker coming through
the piece of work/poem.
Answer: Voice
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The character in poetry who speaks to the
audience /also called the speaker.
Answer: Persona
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The most common metre in English poetry.
Consists of five feet. Each of which consisting
of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
syllable.
da Da/ da Da/ da Da/ da Da/ da Da
Ex. Two houses both alike in dignity
In fair Verona where we lay our scene…
Answer: Iambic Pentameter
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Effective word choice
Ex. Cry vs. Weep
Ex. Yell vs. Shriek
Ex. Burp vs. Belch
Answer: Diction
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A recurring phrase or set of lines, typically at
the end of stanzas
Answer: Refrain
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Comparison without using ‘like’ or ‘as’
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Ex. She has a heart of gold.
Answer: Metaphor
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Any form of poetic rhythm determined by the
number and length of feet in a line.
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A foot is a group of syllables that make up a unit
into a metre.
Answer: Meter
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The repetition of the same letter or sound at the
beginning of nearby or closely connected
words.
Ex. Bob the busy beaver bravely betrothed
beautiful Bertha.
Ex. Frank the fish was found phishing the
internet for friends.
Answer: Alliteration
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A pair of lines (one after another) which have the same metre, and
typically rhyme (rhyming_______________).
Ex. Chorus
1 Two households, both alike in dignity,
2 In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,
3 From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,
4 Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.
5 From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
6 A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life;
7 Whose misadventured piteous overthrows
8 Do with their death bury their parents' strife.
9 The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love,
10 And the continuance of their parents' rage,
11 Which, but their children's end, nought could remove,
12 Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage;
13 The which if you with patient ears attend,
14 What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.
Answer: Couplet
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A reference to a person, place, or event (usually from
history, mythology, or another work of literature)
that is meant to help the audience who is familiar
with that reference to understand the actual text
better. (My English teacher is a real Scrooge. She
won’t buy us anything for Christmas).
Answer: Allusion
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The repetition of the same or similar
consonants in neighbouring words (not at the
beginning of the word).
Ex. Coming home
Ex. Middle/Muddle
Ex. Hot/ foot
Ex. Cold food
Answer: Consonance
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The way a poem is organized on the page in
terms of stanzas, line length, etc.
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Answer: Form
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Conscious exaggeration (aware that you are
exaggerating) to create a dramatic effect.
Ex. I’m so mad I could kill you!
Ex. I’ve gone to that mall a million times.
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Answer: Hyperbole
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Sound words that reflect the meaning of the
word
Ex. Gurgle
Ex. Crack
Ex. Boing
Answer: Onomatopoeia
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The repetition of similar or identical vowel
sounds in the stressed syllables of
neighbouring words.
Ex. Pale Faces
Ex. Clean Teen
Answer: Assonance
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A pattern of sounds that seem to have the same number of beats in each line or from
stanza to stanza.
Ex. He did not come in the dawning; he did not come at noon;
And out o' the tawny sunset, before the rise o' the moon,
When the road was a gypsy's ribbon, looping the purple moor,
A red-coat troop came marching—
Marching—marching—
King George's men came matching, up to the old inn-door.
II
They said no word to the landlord, they drank his ale instead,
But they gagged his daughter and bound her to the foot of her narrow bed;
Two of them knelt at her casement, with muskets at their side!
There was death at every window;
And hell at one dark window;
For Bess could see, through her casement, the road that he would ride.
III
They had tied her up to attention, with many a sniggering jest;
They had bound a musket beside her, with the barrel beneath her breast!
"Now, keep good watch!" and they kissed her.
She heard the dead man say—
Look for me by moonlight;
Watch for me by moonlight;
I'll come to thee by moonlight, though hell should bar the way!
Answer: Rhythm
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Words that sound the same
Ex. Ran/Can/ Ban
Ex. Slip/Trip/ Drip
Answer: Rhyme
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A play on words; humor is created by using
one word to replace another word that sounds
the same but has a different meaning.
Ex. The sun of Rome has set.
Ex. Police were called to a daycare where a 3year-old was resisting a rest.
Answer: Pun
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A group of lines forming a section of a poem,
sharing the same structure as all or some of the
other sections of the same poem (line length,
rhyme scheme, etc.)
Answer: Stanza
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An object, person, or color that is meant to
represent another key idea.
Ex. Heart = Love
Ex. Joined hands = friendship
Ex. Black rose = death
Answer: Symbol
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The author’s attitude/feelings towards the
subject that he or she is writing about.
Answer: Tone
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The feeling that the audience gets when they
read a piece of literature.
Answer: Mood
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A type of irony that develops when the
audience expects one thing to happen, and then
the opposite happens.
Answer: Situational Irony
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A figure of speech in which animals, objects, or
abstract ideas are given human form, actions, or
qualities.
Ex. The stars danced across the night sky.
Ex. The wind sang a haunting lullaby.
Ex. The rain drummed rhythmically on the roof.
Answer: Personification
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A type of irony that is created when the
audience knows something that the persona
(character speaking in the poem) does not.
Answer: Dramatic Irony
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A literary device in which the entire literary work
acts as a symbol for something else.
Ex. Animal Farm = Russian Revolution
Ex. The island in Lord of the Flies = Global society as
a whole
Answer: extended metaphor
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Irony that is created when there is a difference
between what is said, and what is meant.
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One form is sarcasm
Answer: Verbal Irony
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A figure of speech in which apparently
contradictory terms are combined for dramatic
effect.
Ex. Deafening silence
Ex. Definite maybe
Ex. Freezer burn
Ex. Pretty ugly
Answer: Oxymoron
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Meanings that go beyond the literal meaning of
a word.
Answer: Figurative Language
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A figure of speech in which someone who has
died is referenced directly (spoken to), or an
abstract or inanimate object is directly
referenced.
Ex. Referencing a family member or friend who
is deceased.
Answer: Apostrophe
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Literal meaning of a word.
Ex. Tree = a leafy plant that grows tall.
Ex. Heart = body organ that pumps blood
through your veins and is therefore vital to
your survival.
Answer: Denotation
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A group of 6 lines forming the second part of
an Italian sonnet.
Answer: Sestet
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A group of 8 lines forming the first part of an
Italian sonnet.
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Answer:Octave
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A verse or stanza composed of 4 lines that can
be rhymed or unrhymed.
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Answer: Quatrain
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The way in which the argument of a poem is
revealed. The poet may structure his/her poem
through comparison, contrast,
question/answer, showing how good comes
from bad, etc.
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Answer: Structure
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A self-contradictory statement where both
pieces of the idea seem to contradict each other,
but in reality they bring about some kind of
truth.
Ex. Nobody goes to that restaurant, it’s too
crowded.
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Answer: Paradox
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An expression that moves past the literal
meaning of a word/idea. The most common
types are metaphors, similes, onomatopoeias,
hyperboles, and personification.
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Answer: Figure of Speech
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The overall feeling of a piece of literature that is
created through the environment, setting, and
circumstances.
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Answer: Atmosphere
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Language that depicts something that is
tangible/can be sensed in the real world. The
opposite of abstract.
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Answer: Concrete Language
QUIZ ONE WEEK FROM TOMORROW!!!
January. 13th Friday
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Just on literary terms
 Matching
 Fill in the blanks
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Step 1: Title
Look to the title, does it suggest what the topic of the
poem might be?
 Step 2: Paraphrase
Who is the speaker? What is the situation?
 Step 3: Connotation
The ‘associations’ we make to a particular word or phrase
that goes beyond the dictionary meaning.
 Step 4: Attitude or Tone
Ask yourself: Is this a positive or negative tone?
Once you have decided, find an appropriate adjective to
describe the tone.
i.e. joyful, whimsical, scared, etc.
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Step 5: Look for a SHIFT in tone, content, style,
etc. This shift can change the entire meaning of
the poem.
Step 6: The main idea that the poem tries to
express.
Step 7: Go back to the title and look for any
hidden meaning you might have missed in
your first literal reading of it.
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Using the poetry handout, analyze the poems.
Look for their deeper meaning and then look
for any poetic devices that might be
implemented in the poems.
We are Seven
Found Poetry
1.
Poetry created from non-poetic sources.
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These sources can be such this as newspapers, short stories,
novels, etc.
When creating found poetry choose words that are
interesting, moving, emotional.
As you choose your words or phrases try to focus them in
on a particular emotion or topic.
Make a list of these words on a sheet of paper OR cut them
out.
Arrange the words in a meaningful way. Eliminate words
that don’t seem to fit.
Feel free to change verb tenses, add or take away plurals,
or add punctuation.
Found Poetry Example: Derive from the first 9 chapters of Lord of the Flies (Written by Ms. Rose)
The Beast Within
“We will have to look after ourselves,” they agreed in an effort to attain clarity,
Unaware of the hidden darkness within, threatening their possibility of rescue.
Hidden passion, vibrating with an intensity,
Challenging their authority with a secrecy unknown to themselves.
Almost invisible, to all but Simon,
Growing with an inner frustration, ravenously ready to explode,
The beast waits, a grotesque, envious, resentful creature,
bloodthirsty for the kill.
Intimidated, broken, naked among the oppressive jungle,
Pierced by eyes that seemed bolting and mad,
The boys found themselves eager to take their place in this demented island society.
Each boy, silent and wordless with the uncommunicated realization that they are
The hunted.
Barbs on spears, knives penetrating flesh,
Black, hot, blood thickening on their hands,
Boys dancing and shrieking with intensity, mere shadows of the children they once were.
KILL THE BEAST! CUT HIS THROAT! SPILL HIS BLOOD!
DO HIM IN…
Fallen, wordless, trembling,
Panting like dogs in the oppressive silence,
Truth descending on them as their terror rose within.
“I’m part of you…” The Lord of the Flies laughed…
The unbearable shame hid beneath the black cloak of fear,
As their humanity moved out towards the open sea.
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Activity 1:
Get into your assigned groups of 4-5
 Choose a section of wall to tape your final creation to
 Create a found poem from the lists of words given to your
table; poem should be a minimum of 6 lines
 Use the bristol board to write out your final draft
 You can add in your own functional words (i.e. the, to, of,
for, because…)
 Make sure your poem is based around some sort of
thematic idea
 Tips:
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 Look at the words before you start to figure out a theme
 Don’t get hung up on rhyme…it is not necessary
 Work as a team (assign tasks to be accomplished)
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Activity 2
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Choose a photocopied section of text provided
Circle the words that you want to use to create your
own individual found poem (choose lots…)
Follow the 10 line minimum required on your
assignment handout
Don’t forget to include your two poetic devices!!!
TIME TO GET STARTED!
Work on for homework please 
2. Concrete Poetry
 Shape poetry
 A type of poem which takes the shape of the
object it is describing.
3. Haiku
 Short poem composed of 3 lines
Line 1: 5 syllables
 Line 2: 7 syllables
 Line 3: 5 syllables
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In Japanese (a tradition not adhered to in the
English language), haiku’s are based upon a
seasonal word. The poem in other word is meant
to represent a season, an activity we associate with
that season, or an aspect of nature.
Word choice must appeal to the 5 senses.
Original Haiku by Ms. Rose
Ex. The snow falls gently
Caressing my eyelashes
Winter is here again
Ex.
Raging winds howl
Frightening all who hear
Night comes quickly
4. Limerick
 A poem that consists of 5 lines.
 The rhyme scheme is aabba.
 Often meant to be humorous.
 The typical rhythm is as follows
 da-Dum da-da-Dum da-da-Dum
da-Dum da-da-Dum da-da-Dum
da-Dum da-da-Dum
da-Dum da-da-Dum
da-Dum da-da-Dum da-da-Dum
There was an old man who was weird
He said, "it’s just how I feared!
Two owls and a hen
Four larks and a wren
Have all built their nests in my beard.
- Anonymous
There was a Young Lady whose eyes,
Were unique as to colour and size;
When she opened them wide,
People all turned aside,
And started away in surprise.
5. Cinquain
 A type of poetry which has three specific patterns
 Focuses on a single topic (actions and/or feelings)
 Form 1
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Form 2
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Line 1 = 1 word
Line 2 = two words
Line 3 = three words
Line 4 = four words
Line 5 = one word
Line 1 = 1 noun
Line 2 = Two adjectives
Line 3 = Three –ing words
Line 4 = A phrase
Line 5 = A synonym for the noun
Form 3
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Education
Unappreciated gift
Given to all
Passport to future success
Disappointing
Line 1 = 2 syllables
Line 2 = 4 syllables
Line 3 = 6 syllables
Line 4 = 8 syllables
Line 5 = 2 syllables
Christmas
Beautiful and warm
Laughing, sharing, enjoying
A moment to remember
Holiday
Texting
Always chatting
When will it ever end?
Technology has ruined us.
Spoiled.
6. Lyric Poem
 Short poem that expresses the personal mood,
feeling, or reflection of a single speaker
 Has a song like quality – in ancient times would
have been sung by a chorus
 Can be composed in almost any metre
 Can be on any subject
 Poem types that fall under the category of lyric are:
odes, sonnets, elegies, haikus
Thomas Hardy – The Man He Killed
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Had he and I but met
By some old ancient inn,
We should have set us down to wet
Right many a nipperkin!
But ranged as infantry,
And staring face to face,
I shot at him as he at me,
And killed him in his place.
I shot him dead because—
Because he was my foe,
Just so: my foe of course he was;
That's clear enough; although
He thought he'd 'list, perhaps,
Off-hand like—just as I—
Was out of work—had sold his traps—
No other reason why.
Yes; quaint and curious war is!
You shoot a fellow down
You'd treat, if met where any bar is,
Or help to half a crown.
7. Sonnet
 There are 2 types of sonnet structures.
 The first, and most commonly known, is the
Shakespearean sonnet.
 Shakespearean sonnet
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Composed of 14 lines (making 3 quatrains and 1 rhyming
couplet
Rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg
Typically deals with some form of tormented love
In the rhyming couplet, represented by gg, there is a ‘turn’
in the mood or the argument of the poem (it
shifts/changes).
73
That time of year thou mayst in me behold,
When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou seest the twilight of such day,
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death's second self that seals up all in rest.
In me thou seest the glowing of such fire,
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed, whereon it must expire,
Consumed with that which it was nourished by.
This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.
147
My love is as a fever longing still,
For that which longer nurseth the disease,
Feeding on that which doth preserve the ill,
Th' uncertain sickly appetite to please:
My reason the physician to my love,
Angry that his prescriptions are not kept
Hath left me, and I desperate now approve,
Desire is death, which physic did except.
Past cure I am, now reason is past care,
And frantic-mad with evermore unrest,
My thoughts and my discourse as mad men's are,
At random from the truth vainly expressed.
For I have sworn thee fair, and thought thee bright,
Who art as black as hell, as dark as night.
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Petrarchan Sonnet
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Also known as an Italian sonnet
Composed of an octave (made up of two quatrains) and a
sestet.
Typical Italian sonnet rhyme scheme is as follows:
 Abbaabba
cdecde
OR
 Abbaabba
cdcdcd
Italian sonnets also have a shift of mood or argument
in their structure. This is between the octave and
sestet.
How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth,
Stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year!
My hasting days fly on with full career,
But my late spring no bud or blossom showeth.
Perhaps my semblance might deceive the truth, 5
That I to manhood am arrived so near,
And inward ripeness doth much less appear,
That some more timely-happy spirits endueth.
Yet be it less or more, or soon or slow,
It shall be still in strictest measure even, 10
To that same lot, however mean or high,
Toward which time leads me, and the will of heaven;
All is, if I have grace to use it so,
As ever in my great task master's eye.
Milton
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William Wordsworth
8. Ballad
 Orally transmitted poem (traditionally)
 Often has vivid dialogue
 Normally composed in quatrains, but can be
found as six-line stanzas.
 Normally the second line and fourth line
rhymes
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
William Coleridge
9. Free Verse
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No regular meter
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Line length is irregular
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Does not need to have rhyme, but it can have irregular rhyme (rhyme
scattered throughout)
WHEN I HEARD THE LEARN'D ASTRONOMER
by: Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
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WHEN I heard the learn'd astronomer, When the proofs, the figures, were
ranged in columns before me, When I was shown the charts and diagrams,
to add, divide, and measure them, When I sitting heard the astronomer
where he lectured with much applause in the lecture-room, How soon
unaccountable I became tired and sick, Till rising and gliding out I
wander'd off by myself, In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to
time, Look'd up in perfect silence at the stars.
10. Blank Verse
 Unrhymed lines
 Each line must be written in iambic pentameter
North of Boston Robert Frost poetry anthology
Mending Wall
Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
And spills the upper boulders in the sun,
And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.
The work of hunters is another thing:
I have come after them and made repair
Where they have left not one stone on a stone,
But they would have the rabbit out of hiding,
To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean,
No one has seen them made or heard them made,
But at spring mending-time we find them there.
I let my neighbor know beyond the hill;
And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.
To each the boulders that have fallen to each.
And some are loaves and some so nearly balls
We have to use a spell to make them balance:
'Stay where you are until our backs are turned!'
We wear our fingers rough with handling them.
Oh, just another kind of out-door game,
One on a side. It comes to little more:
There where it is we do not need the wall:
He is all pine and I am apple orchard.
My apple trees will never get across
And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.
He only says, 'Good fences make good neighbors'.
Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder
If I could put a notion in his head:
'Why do they make good neighbors? Isn't it
Where there are cows?
But here there are no cows.
Before I built a wall I'd ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out,
And to whom I was like to give offence.
Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That wants it down.' I could say 'Elves' to him,
But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather
He said it for himself. I see him there
Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top
In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.
He moves in darkness as it seems to me~
Not of woods only and the shade of trees.
He will not go behind his father's saying,
And he likes having thought of it so well
He says again, "Good fences make good neighbors."
11. Villanelle
 French style of poetry created in the 16th century
 Composed of an odd number of tercets (groups of
3 lines) (typically 5) that have the rhyme scheme of
aba, with a final quatrain rhyming The first and
third line of the opening tercet are repeated
alternately as the third liens of the succeeding
tercets, and together as the final couplet of the
quatrain.
 Rhyme Scheme (repeated lines are in capitals, with
the second of them given in italics
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AbA abA abA abA abA abAA
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
by Dylan Thomas
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
And you, my father, there on that sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
12. Ode (a variety of types, we are studying the
Horatian ode type)
 a type of lyric poem
 A ceremonious (formal) address to a person or
abstract entity
 Tone is very serious
 Same form of stanza is repeated regularly
John Keats – Ode to a Grecian Urn (1819)
Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness,
Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
What leaf-fring'd legend haunt about thy shape
Of deities or mortals, or of both,
In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?
What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?
What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?
Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
Are sweeter: therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:
Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
Bold lover, never, never canst thou kiss,
Though winning near the goal - yet, do not grieve;
She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!
Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed
Your leaves, nor ever bid the spring adieu;
And, happy melodist, unwearied,
For ever piping songs for ever new;
More happy love! more happy, happy love!
For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,
For ever panting, and for ever young;
All breathing human passion far above,
That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,
A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.
Who are these coming to the sacrifice?
To what green altar, O mysterious priest,
Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,
And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?
What little town by river or sea shore,
Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,
Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?
And, little town, thy streets for evermore
Will silent be; and not a soul to tell
Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.
O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede
Of marble men and maidens overwrought,
With forest branches and the trodden weed;
Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty," - that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
14. Narrative
 A type of poetry that tells stories
 Includes the subtypes of ballads, epics, etc.
See: The Walrus and the Carpenter
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15. Epic
 a long narrative poem dealing with the actions
of legendary men and women or the history of
nations, often presented in a grand
ceremonious style.
 The here is usually protected by or descended
from the gods
 Hero has superhuman talents
 Participates in marvellous voyages
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Judgment
Peace
Love/Romance
War
Loss of Relationship
Family
Religious Controversy
Seasons (fall, winter,
spring, summer)
Grief
Imagination
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Betrayal
The Future
The Past
Nature/Environment
Stress
Favorite Memory
Hate
Dreams
Another World
Childhood
Reflections