GRAINS

GRAINS

Major food supply all over the world because

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Easy to grow & store

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Low in cost compared to other foods

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High energy value

What Type of Grains are We Encouraged to Eat ??

Complex Carbohydrates Vit. B & E, Iron & Essential Fatty Acids Fiber & Minerals

Whole Grains Contain all 3 parts except hull Refined Grains Bran & Germ Removed What Nutrients are you Missing?

What Types of Grains Do You Know? Think of cereals you eat.

Wheat

What is typically made from wheat

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All Different Types of Flours !

Wheat Flour

• Whole wheat – made from grinding entire kernel • All-Purpose – processed blend of different types, primarily endosperm, most common in baking • Bleached – whiter • Cake – very soft wheat used creating fine, silky texture • Self-rising- leavening agents added • Bread – hard wheat with high gluten (protein) • Durum – (semolina) used for pasta & very dense, tough bread

What does wheat contain that some people must avoid ??

• Gluten – protein (in wheat, barley & rye) which strengthens and binds dough • Immune reaction which inflames small intestines – Celiac disease • Eventually, the decreased absorption of nutrients that occurs with celiac disease causes vitamin deficiencies that deprive your brain, peripheral nervous system, bones, liver and other organs of vital nourishment

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Corn

Rice

Types of Rice

• White – Bran & Germ removed; all fiber & most vitamins & iron removed during processing

• Brown – Whole grain, more fiber, minerals & vitamins • Instant – Pre-cooked to reduce cooking time-Can be brown or white

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Oats

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Barley

R * *

Rye

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Millet

Whole Grains Refined Grains

Nutritional Value of Grains

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Whole Grains Best Choice !!!!

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Excellent Source of Complex Carbohydrates, Fiber, Iron & Vitamin B, Vitamin E

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Low in Fat

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You require 6 ounces a day What is one ounce ???

one cup one slice half cup cooked

Terms to Know

• Whole grains -- contains all parts of grain —therefore all the nutrients possible

• Refined – Bran & Germ removed, nutrients lost during manufacturing the product and to increase its shelf life

• Enriched – Some of the nutrients are replaced that have been removed during the refining process

• Fortified – Nutrients are added that were never present naturally- Calcium added to Orange Juice