Transcript Journal #10
Journal #14
Militia – civilians serving as soldiers
Casualties – killed, injured, or captured
soldiers
Backcountry – a thinly populated area
between the coastal towns and the
Appalachian Mountains
Pioneers – the first Europeans to settle
the backcountry
Chapter 5: Conflicts in the
Colonies
Bonus Questions
What was the Great Awakening?
How did the Great Awakening affect
society and politics?
Name one of the leaders of the
Scientific Revolution
State 3 facts about Benjamin Franklin
Today’s Topics
5.1 – Trouble on the Frontier
5.2 – Consequences of the French
and Indian War
King Phillip’s War
Metacomet was a main chief of the Wampanoag
tribe, his father made a longstanding peace with the
Pilgrims
Metacomet tried to live in peace with the English,
buying English clothes and taking the English name
Phillip
Eventually, with the Iroquois pushing his people from
the west and the English pushing from the east, he
fought back
The war between the Wampanoag and the English
colonists is called King Phillip’s War
King Phillips War
Both sides attacked each other’s settlements
600 settlers die along with 3,000 Indians
Metacomet is shot through the heart in
Rhode Island
After his death, his head is mounted on the
entrance to Fort Plymouth and his body was
cut up and put in the trees – his head
remains there for 20 years
Metacomet’s wife and children are sold into
slavery in Bermuda
King Phillip’s War
Some Native groups helped the English fight
against Metacomet
French colonists traded and allied with the
Algonquian people
English colonists traded and allied with the
Iroquois league
Native Americans’ #1 goal was always
independence
Conflicts with France
In the late 1600s, France and England both
wanted control over Europe and North
America
They fought a series of wars
King William’s War – 1689 to 1697
Queen Anne’s War – 1702 to 1713
Spain and France vs. England
Each side had Native American Allies
King George’s War – 1740s
Both sides were still competing for the Ohio
River Valley and Great Lakes area in the
1750s
Conflicts With France
The English wanted the Ohio River Valley and
Great Lakes area for settlement
The French believed settlements would ruin their
profitable trade with Indians in the area
This trade was called The Middle Ground
The French build 3 forts to keep the English out
When the English start building forts along the
Ohio River in 1754 – the French and Indian War
began
The French and Indian War
Begins
The French destroy an English
fort and build Fort Duquesne
George Washington attempts
to build another English fort and
is forced to surrender
Fighting also began in Europe –
that fighting is called the Seven
Years’ War
The French and Indian War
The British started off poorly – General
Edward Braddock tries to attack Fort
Duquesne and is ambushed – 900 of
his 1,400 men are killed
Eventually the British begin to win and
in 1759 they capture Quebec – the
capital of New France
Fighting continues until 1763 with the
British winning most of the battles
The Treaty of Paris
In 1763 the Treaty of Paris was the
peace treaty that ended the French
and Indian (or Seven Years”) war
Britain gained land in this treaty,
afterward they owned Canada and
everything east of the Mississippi River
except New Orleans
Britain also received Florida from Spain
Spain now owned everything west of the
Mississippi River
The Treaty of Paris’ Effect on
Native Americans
1. Native Americans were considered an enemy
because many allied with the French (some
allied with England but that didn’t matter to
most people)
2. Native Americans lost the power to play
countries off of one another (play-off politics)
3. The British now felt that they had the right to
all Native lands east of the Mississippi River
(formerly “owned” by France)
Consequences of the
French and Indian War
5.2
The Frontier
Colonists set up most of the early settlements along
the eastern coast
To the west was a huge frontier
Europeans slowly moved west into this frontier, also
called the backcountry
The people who moved into these areas were called
pioneers
After the French and Indian War, settlers began
moving west in greater numbers
Many crossed the Appalachians into the Ohio River Valley
Towns were small
Conflict in the Ohio River Valley
After the Treaty of Paris, Britain replaced France as the
European power in the Ohio River Valley and in the
Great Lakes
Unlike the French, the British want to build settlements
Native Americans begin to join together to resist the
British
Chief Pontiac
Ottawa Chief
Leader of Pontiac’s Rebellion
(1763 – 1766)
A group of Indians attack British forts in
the Ohio River Valley/Great Lakes area
In one month they capture or destroy 7
forts
The Indians fail to take Fort Detroit and
Fort Pitt, two very important forts
In 1766, Pontiac surrenders
The Proclamation of 1763
Fighting with Native Americans
worried British leaders who didn’t
want more fighting or their trade
disrupted
King George III signs the
Proclamation of 1763 which
banned the British from settling west
of the Appalachian Mountains
It also called for those living in the
Ohio River valley to “remove
themselves from such settlements”
The Proclamation was difficult to
enforce, many people disobeyed the
law – this showed the colonists
unhappiness with British attempts to
control them