Transcript Citations - 南京师范大学图书馆

(An introduction to)
Understanding the Vast Pool
of Information Resources in
the Sciences
Damon Ridley
November 2005
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Copyright

Included in this presentation are some screen shots
that are subject to copyright
• American Chemical Society
• John Wiley & Sons



Screens are presented for illustrative and educational
purposes only
Permission has been obtained from the copyright
holders to present the information at this conference
only
Statistical information is current for dates indicated
(generally end-September 2005)
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Information Sources
Which source should I use, and when?
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Information Sources: Web Sources
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Information Sources: Journals and Patents
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Information Sources: Databases
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Information Sources

Primary literature:
(Full Text)
• Journals (now mainly electronic)
• Patents
• Conferences
• Web reports and documents

Secondary literature:
(Abstracts & Indexing)
• Reviews, books
• Databases

First, it helps to understand the differences between
primary and secondary literature, and to know when to use
each of them.
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Primary Literature
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Primary Literature: Content

In general we are familiar with the
content
• Text from authors
• Structures, tables, figures
• References

(Example on next slides…
…but think about search issues)
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Full text article
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Full text article
•
•
•
Do we want to
search all text?
If not, what would
be of interest?
– Only new
information?
– Only key
information?
There may be a
big difference
between what we
want to read and
what we want to
search
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Searching Primary Literature

Advantages
•
•

All text (?) of article searched
Little/no search cost (particularly for full text patents; purchase price for journals)
But there are issues
•
•
•
•
Volume of data (number of answers)
Quality of data (depends on search)
Need to search multiple sources (different publishers, Patent Offices)
Free text (written by authors)
–
•
No prior evaluation of data
–
•
•
Not systematic
New, significant discoveries vs “redundant” text
Information from tables, figures, reaction diagrams?
Problems to get both:
–
–
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Precise answers
Comprehensive answers
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Primary Literature: Importance and Acquisition
The availability of the Web, and of
electronic full text documents (current
and backfiles) at the desktop, has been
the greatest technical advance for
scientists in the last decade
 Journal articles are unique

• Many sources must be purchased
• Librarians need to set priorities
• How?
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Authors in Singapore: Publication Year 2000Publications by Publisher
Data from CAplus Database
Total Publications
Other Society Publications
Other Publishers (323)
23 August 2005
12313
1472
1702
4500
4000
Publications
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
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Authors in Singapore: Publication Year 2005
Citations by Publisher
Data from CAplus Database
Total Publications
Total Cited Records
Other Society Publications
Other Publishers (412)
6000
5000
4000
23 August 2005
1795
29907
3145
n/a
Publications
Citations
3000
2000
1000
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Comments: Primary Literature

Acquire access to as much full text as you
can afford
• carefully research your key sources

Be aware of the limitations of searching
• full text
• full text search interfaces

However, you will need a few quality
databases to lead your staff/students to the
appropriate articles
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Databases
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Databases

Most of us are less familiar with databases
•
•


Coverage (what sources are covered)
Content (what is in a database record)
There is considerable overlap in coverage between databases
However the content may vary:
•
•
•
All database records have titles and bibliography
Not all records have abstracts
Indexing is very different

Probably we need only a few databases

Questions:
•
•
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Which is the world’s most comprehensive science A&I bibliographic
database?
Which search interface has the most comprehensive data from A&I
bibliographic databases across the entire sciences?
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Some of the world’s major scientific
bibliographic databases (>3M records)
Database Name1
Principal Area Covered
No. Records2
From
Records3
(Orig. Language:
Chinese)
AGRICOLA
BIOSIS
CABA
CAPLUS
COMPENDEX
EMBASE
INSPEC
MEDLINE
SCISEARCH
WPINDEX
1On
Agriculture
Life sciences
Agriculture & related sciences
Multidisciplinary sciences
Engineering & technology
Medical & biological sciences
Physics, electronics & computing
Medical sciences
Multidisciplinary sciences
Patents
the STN Network
26
Oct 2005 (Million)
3.9
15.4
4.9
25.6
6.6
10.7
8.4
15.6
23.9
13.7
1970
1969
1973
1907
1970
1974
1969
1950
1974
1963
3PY
566
31,152
45,081
359,911
71,312
19,764
85,065
48,697
29,540
2000- (Data 6 Oct 2005)
CAPLUS + MEDLINE = largest number of records
(more data to search means more comprehensive results)
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Relative Numbers: Records for Articles in Chinese Language
Documents: Chinese Language
EMBASE
SCISEARCH
AGRICOLA
BIOSIS
CABA
MEDLINE
CAPLUS
COMPENDEX
INSPEC
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A Database Comparison: World by Discipline
Searches end September 2005; PY 2000-
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World by Discipline: Life/Medical Sciences
Records in Databases
Worldwide
(BIOL? OR PLANT OR BOTAN? OR ZOO? OR ENVIR? OR HOSP OR HOSPITAL OR MED OR MEDIC? OR LIFE OR NUTR?)/CS
AND PY>1999
SCISEARCH
(REPRINT)
BIOSIS
CAPLUS
MEDLINE
EMBASE
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World by Discipline: Eng/Physical Sciences
NOT CON?/DT
SCISEARCH
(REPRINT)
Records in Databases
Worldwide
CAPLUS
(ENG OR ENGN OR ENGINEER? OR MATERIAL# OR PHYS OR PHYSICS OR PHYSIK OR NANO?)/CS
AND PY>1999
SCISEARCH
(REPRINT)
CAPLUS
INSPEC
COMPENDEX
CON? ONLY
SCISEARCH
(REPRINT)
CAPLUS
INSPEC
COMPENDEX
INSPEC
COMPENDEX
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World by Discipline: Chemical Sciences
Records in Databases
Worldwide
(BIOTECH? OR CHEM OR CHEMISTRY OR PHARM?)/CS AND PY>1999
BIOSIS
SCISEARCH (REPRINT)
CAPLUS
MEDLINE
EMBASE
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A Database Comparison: Asian Region
Searches end September 2005; PY 2000-
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Records by Database: Asian Countries
Asian Countries
Brunei Burma Myanmar China Indonesia Korea Laos
Malaysia Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam
BIOSIS
SCISEARCH (REPRINT)
MEDLINE
CAPLUS
INSPEC
EMBASE
COMPENDEX
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Records by Database
Asian Countries not CHINA
CHINA
BIOSIS
SCISEARCH
(REPRINT)
BIOSIS
SCISEARCH
MEDLINE
CAPLUS
CAPLUS
MEDLINE
INSPEC
INSPEC
EMBASE
EMBASE
COMPENDEX
COMPENDEX
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Asian Region by Discipline: Eng/Physical Sciences
Asian Countries
Brunei Burma Myanmar China Indonesia Korea Laos
Malaysia Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Vietnam
BIOSIS
SCISEARCH (REPRINT)
CAPLUS
MEDLINE
INSPEC
COMPENDEX
EMBASE
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Abstracts: Numbers of Abstracts in Major Databases
All records in databases have:
•
•
Titles
Bibliography
Not all records in databases may have:
•
•
Abstracts
Indexing
(The greater the content, the more comprehensive the search)
Database
BIOSIS
CAPLUS
COMPENDEX
EMBASE
INSPEC
MEDLINE
SCISEARCH
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No. Records
15.4
25.6
6.6
10.7
8.4
15.6
23.9
Records
with
Abstracts
7.9
24.0
6.4
7.5
?
7.9
9.4
% of Records
with
Abstracts
51%
94%
97%
70%
51%
39%
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Database Record (SciFinder Scholar)
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Database Record (SciFinder Scholar)
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Database Record (SciFinder Scholar)
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Q&A
Q.
Which is the world’s most comprehensive
science A&I bibliographic database?
A. CAplus
Q.
Which search interface has the most
comprehensive data from A&I bibliographic
databases across the entire sciences?
A. SciFinder Scholar – by a long, long way!
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Search Issues
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Search Issues (Databases)
Main points to consider

•
•
•
•
•
•
Synonyms
Singulars/plurals, different spellings, abbreviations
Truncation
Proximity
Searching Free Text and Indexing
Start with general searches, and narrow answers in
systematic ways
Post-processing

•
•

Options to narrow answers
Options to expand answers
(Some search issues (full text) were discussed in
Slide 12)
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Searching Bibliographic Databases (topics)

Searches words (only) in Titles, Abstracts and Indexing

Indexing
• Is systematic terminology
• Focuses on new science
• Highlights key aspects of the original document


But how do we know systematic terms?
How can we use it?...
…it follows that usefulness of bibliographic databases
may depend on our knowledge of indexing or the way
the search engine helps us through the process
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Other Types of Databases

Some other types of databases and search options
•
Substances
–
–
–
–
•
Sequences
–
–
–
–
•
Numeric values
Reactions
–
–
–

Exact
Family
Subsequence
Homology
Properties
–
•
(CAS Registry Numbers)
Names
Formulas
Structures
Structures
Functional groups
Catalysts, solvents…
These databases have content and search functions
that help scientists retrieve information not possible
through full text searches of original documents
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Text Book Search Strategy

Perform general search on most important
terms
•
Helps overcome author terminology
• Helps “find the unexpected”
• But may lead to large answer sets


Look closely at results
Narrow answers in systematic ways
•
Index terms
• Author terms
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Some Interfaces to Databases

Online Networks
• Dialog
• STN

“Web” search interface
• IEEE Xplore
• Ovid
• SciFinder
• SciFinder Scholar
• Scopus (Scirus)
• Web of Science/Knowledge
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Interfaces to Databases: Coverage

Key questions for librarians to ask
vendors
A. Coverage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Databases searched?
Time period covered in each database?
Number of records included in each database?
Breadth of coverage of databases?
Coverage of journals, patents, conferences?
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Interfaces to Databases: Content of Records

Key questions for librarians to ask
vendors
B. Content
Do all records contain:
1.Titles?
2.Abstracts?
3.Indexing?
4.Full author names or names and initials?
5.All affiliations listed in the original article?
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Interfaces to Databases: Search Options

Key questions for librarians to ask
vendors
C. Search options
Which search options are available:
1. Bibliographic terms?
2. Keywords?
3. Substance search options
•
•
•
Structures?
Formulas?
Reactions?
4. Citations?
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Interfaces to Databases: Search Assistance

Key questions for librarians to ask
vendors
D. Search assistance (intelligence of search engine)
Does the interface:
1. Allow truncation or automatic truncation?
2. Automatically try to search for synonyms?
3. Automatically allow searching of indexing in the
basic search, and how is it done?
4. Help with searching variations in author names?
5. Display options for which the user may choose?
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Interfaces to Databases: Data Mining

Key questions for librarians to ask
vendors
E. Data mining (post-processing)
What post-processing options are available:
1. Bibliographic terms?
2. Index terms?
3. Other terms?
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Comments: A&I Databases and Interfaces

Issues include:
• Choice of general versus specific databases
• Extensive overlap between some databases
• Database comparison and evaluation
• Interface
– Search intelligence
– Post-processing
• Training
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