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भवकोडी संच य
ं ं कम्मं तवसा निज्जरिज्जइ --उत्तिाध्ययि
सत्र
ू
तापयनत अष्टप्रकािं कमम इनत तपः –
--आवश्यक सत्र
ू टीका
तवेण वोहाणं जणयइ
--उत्तिाध्ययि सत्र
ू
Antraya Karma
Vedniya Karma
Mohniya
Obstructs good things
Gives unpleasant things
?
Two things we can not avoid
Enduring Hardship
Suffering Hardship
Which one is Austerity?
Neither
Why?
Enduring Hardship
Suffering Hardship
To stay unperturbed and stay in equanimity
in both is Tapa
Penance---Atonement
Latin
Poenitentia, the same root as
penitence, atonement
English Repentance, the desire to be
forgiven
An act of religious devotion performed to
show sorrow for having committed a sin.
Penance applies to the whole activity from
confession to forgiveness.
Forgiveness is the mental and/or spiritual
process of ceasing to feel resentment or
anger against another person for a perceived
offence, difference, or mistake, or ceasing to
demand punishment or restitution.
Panchächär (Five Codes of Conduct)
Jnänächär (Code of Acquiring Right
Knowledge)
Darshanächär (Code of Gaining Right
Faith)
Chäriträchär (Code of Acquiring Right
Conduct)
Tapächär (Code of Austerities)
Viryächär (Code of Exercising Vigor or
Energy)
Tapa (Austerity)
Practicing Meditation
Controlling Sense-Organs, Purifying Mind, Turning
Inward
Attaining Spiritual Peace
Reflecting On Good Thoughts
Acquiring And Imparting Knowledge And Learning
To Get Completely Engrossed In A Noble Task Is
Austerity.
Rendering Service To Others Is Austerity.
To Do The Allotted Work Honestly Is Austerity.
Nirjara
Spiritual
Positive
Negative
Sakam
Akam
Practical
External
Internal
Partial Dissociation of Karma
To Know our soul and to stay closer to
soul
To curtail all desires
Voluntary
Spiritual Effort
Involuntary
No effort
Bahya Tapa
Abhyantar Tapa
Nirjarä:
Partial Eradication of Karmas
Eradication of previously acquired Karma is Nirjarä.
Karma continuously exhaust itself by producing its
result
Destroying past karma before it produces its result
is true Nirjarä.
It is voluntarily enduring hardships with equanimity
An austerity undertaken without any desire of fruit
pacifies agony, destroys sin, makes the inner self
blissful, and helps conquer insurmountable
delusion.
They should be observed while staying unperturbed
and without any other motive than to exhaust past
karma.
The whole purpose of austerities is not just
to simply make the body suffer, but to
change our desires.
7. Practicing Austerities
External
Fasting
Semi-Fasting
Limiting the Variety
Giving up Delicacies
Lonely Habitation
Mortification of Body
Internal
Penance
Reverence
Service
Scriptural Study
Renunciation
Meditation
External Austerities
(Bähya Tapa)
Self Purification
Anashan
Unodari
Vruti-Sankshep
Rasa-Tyäg
Fasting
Eating Less
Curtail desires
Giving Up Tastes
To Some Extent
Physical
Forbearance
Contraction
Controlling Senses
Käyä-Klesha
Sanlinatä
Benefits of External Austerity
Renunciation of worldly relationship
Lightness of body
Control and conquer desires of senses
Self restraints
Purification of food and strengthening of
body
Observance of austerities is a means, and
not the end.
The practice of fasting would therefore be
helpful in staying unperturbed and in
retaining peace of mind under such
adverse circumstances.
Fasting from what?
Anashan
Bhäva Anashan by exercising total control
of inner desires
Upaväs means staying close to the soul.
Unoariä or Unodari:
Eating less (reduce passions)
To stay unperturbed even when we do not
get enough food. (food for?)
To practice more self-restraints (Sanyam)
by reducing non-virtuous activities.
Unodari of food and controlling passions
keeps Jiva healthy and keeps them away
from doctor and diseases, but most
importantly, it strengthens the spirituality.
Vritti-sankshep (Bhikshächäri or Limiting
Food Items):
Development of willpower
Material (Dravya) - To have predetermination of
having certain items of food
Area (Kshetra) - To take food at a specific
location
Time (Käl) - To eat at a fix specific time
Mode (Bhäva) - To get the food only from a
particular individual
Rasa Tyäg (Limiting Tasty Food)
Renouncing the tasty food
Conquering the desire for tasty food
Eliminating the attachment for the tasty
food, and thus,
Enabling to strengthen one’s spiritual
capability.
Jain Diet - Food Criteria
Jain Diet / Food must be conducive to the health
and spiritual upliftment
Criteria
ƒ Food should be obtained by
•
•
Not hurting Human beings, Animals, Birds, or
Insects
Minimum Violence to Vegetables, Water, Fire,
Air, and Earth (Vegetarian Food)
ƒ No stimulating or tasty food (not conducive
to health)
ƒ Eat less than you are hungry for (Health and
Spirituality)
ƒ Limit number of Food Items to eat to control
desire
Jain Diet – Food Criteria
1. Violence to Trasa Souls (Movable Souls)
–Violence to Sangni Panchendriya Souls (Five Sense
+ Mind) - Human and Animals
–Violence to Asangni – Other Movable Souls
2. Violence to Sthävar Souls (Immovable Souls)
–Anant-käya (Vegetables with Infinite Souls)
–Pratyek-käya - Vegetables with Innumerable
Souls, and Water, Earth, Fire, Air souls
3. Anishta Food (Not proper for the health or spiritual
upliftment)
4. Improper (Anupsevya) Food
Jain Diet - Food Criteria
One should not eat any food that involves violence to
Movable beings including the food that can create
the violence within
1. Violence to Movable beings (Trasa Souls)
• Violence to Oneself (Food that Hurts our
Spirituality or Health) – Additive substances,
Liquor etc
• Violence to Five Sense Souls - Other Humans and
Animals – Meat, Fish, Chicken, Dairy milk etc
• Violence to Two to Four Sense Souls – Birds,
Insects, Honey etc
Jain Diet – Food Criteria
 We should define our limit to consume Vegetable food
group which involves minimum violence.
2. Violence to Sthävar beings (Immovable Souls)
ƒ Categories of Vegetable Souls
Vegetables with Infinite Souls (Anant Käya or
Sädhäran Vanaspati)
 Kandamul or Root Vegetables
Pratyek-Kaya (Vegetables with Innumerable Souls)
 Udambar Food
 Abhakshya Food (Certain Veg Foods – Other
foods included in previous chart)
 Vegetables other than Root Vegetables
Käyä Klesha (Physical Forbearance):
Endure physical power to enable and
tolerate the bodily inconveniences with
equanimity
Pratisanlinatä (Controlling of Senses):
Restraining the senses from external
happiness and diverts their use for
spiritual uplift.
A/C not working in very hot and humid
weather
Which karma interplay?
Torture
Training
Transformation
Internal Austerities
Abhyanatar Tapa
Self realization
Präyashchitta
Vinay
Repentance
Modesty And
Respect
Selfless Service
Study Of Self (Soul)
Meditation
Renouncement Of
Body For
Designated Time
Veyävachcham
Swädhyäy
Dhyäna
Käyotsarga
Ownership and repentance of sins and
shortcoming
Reverence and humility
Rendering service to other truth seekers
Study and reflections to gain righteous
knowledge
Renouncing the feelings of I and My
Spiritual meditation
Präyashchitta
To make clean sweep of the defects born of negligence arisen
in connection with a vow (vrata) that has been accepted.
Repentance for the various errors of commission and omission
the faults (a moral weakness less serious than a vice) and the
sins (an offense against religious or moral law) committed.
Präyashchitta helps us to reflect upon ourselves in a way that
leads to self-correction.
Nindämi, Garihämi, Vosirämi
Vinay
Modesty, respect, humbleness, submissiveness,
kindness, courtesy, humility, civility.
To hold in great regard the virtuous qualifications
like knowledge.
The absence of ego.
Vinay
Modesty, respect, humbleness, submissiveness,
kindness, courtesy, humility, civility.
To hold in great regard the virtuous qualifications
like knowledge.
The absence of ego.
Seven types of Vinay (Humility)
Knowledge
Faith
Conduct
Mind
Speech
Body
Paying Homage
Veyävachcham
Selfless Service with devotion to
monks, nuns and needy
Enhances the unity of the Sangha,
strengthens the religious order, helps
the needy and stabilizes the aspirant on
the right path.
Creates an atmosphere of mutual help.
Purify the heart.
Swädhyäy
Study Of Self
(Soul)
Inspiration to dive into the innermost
recesses of the self.
Self-realization
Being conscious of one’s own faults
and limitations with a view to avoid the
same
Intellectual growth should commence
at birth and cease only at death”
------Albert Einstein
Dhyäna
(Meditation
or
Thought
Process)
Concentration of a thought on a single
object
Suspension of thought process
Perfect stillness of the body and all senses
Removing the distraction of mind to
cultivate its power of concentration
Search for the truth and from absolute
detachment towards worldly affairs
Vyutsarga (Abandonment of External & Internal
aspects)
To renounce the feeling of 'I' and 'my' Dravya Vyutsarga:
Abandonment of body (Käyotsarga),
Gana Vyutsarga (abandoning the company of other
mendicants),
Upadhi Vyutsarga (abandoning material objects such as
clothes, pots, blanket, bench, medicine etc
Bhakta Vyutsarga (abandoning food and drink)
Bhäva Vyutsarga:
Kashäya Vyutsarga (overcoming the passions)
Samsär Vyutsarga (abandoning worldly life)
Karma Vyutsarga (eradicating Karma)
One should practice austerities in such a
manner that they're my not is
unwholesome brooding, the powers of
mind, speech and body may not dwindle
and deteriorate, and organs may not
become weak.
Integrity
"Integrity is one of several paths. It
distinguishes itself from the others because it is
the right path and the only one upon which you
will never get lost."
- M.H. McKee
Kindness
"Kindness is the language which the deaf can
hear and the blind can see."
- Mark Twain
Determination
"The great thing in this world is not so much
where we are, but in what direction we are
moving."
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
Gratitude
"A single grateful thought raised to heaven is the most
perfect prayer."
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Humility
"Pride is concerned with who is right. Humility is
concerned with what is right."
- Ezra Taft Benson
Forgiveness
"Forgiveness is the answer to the child's dream of a
miracle by which what is broken is made whole again,
what is soiled is again made clean."
- Dag Hammarskjold
Peace
"We must come to see that peace is not merely a distant
goal we seek, but it is a means by which we arrive at that
goal. We must pursue peaceful ends through peaceful
means."
- Martin Luther King, Jr.
Art Of Living
Living Being Desire


Peace
Harmony
Human beings Experience
Agitation
Miseries
Sharing of our miseries with others
Introspection
Self-observation and reporting of conscious
inner thoughts, desires and sensations.
Conscious and purposive process relying on
thinking, reasoning, and examining one's soul.
Contemplation of one's self.
Plato "…why should we not calmly and patiently
review our own thoughts, and thoroughly
examine and see what these appearances in us
really are?"
निजमिा : The art of cleansing
It is shedding off, breaking off bindings,
attachments
It need discipline like a river controlled with
banks to protect and guide
Things are not holding us, our desires are
holding us
Seed-thoughts for meditation
I want to free myself from limiting habits
and reach my heights
I want discipline from inner awareness, not
from outside compulsion so my energy
can flow towards permanent reality
Austerities Vs. Hardships
List three Hardships have you experienced
today ?



1.
2.
3.
List three austerities did you do last week ?



1.
2.
3.
Austerities Vs. Hardships
Hardships:


Occur randomly due to Karma
Enduring helps in strict observance of vows
Austerities:


Initiated by soul/oneself to minimize
passion
Inhibit Karma inflow and wear off Karma
Jai Jinendra
If I have said anything against the
teachings of Jina
MICHCHHA MI DUKKADAM