Transcript Slide 1

UNIT 6
CHAPTER 22 – CRASH AND DEPRESSION
CHAPTER 23 – THE NEW DEAL
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED
STATES
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George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 22
Crash and Depression
(1929–1933)
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CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of the
Great Depression
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Objective 6.1: What were the main causes of the Great
Depression?
Objective 6.2: Describe the social problems and struggles
created by poverty during the Depression.
Objective 6.3: How did Americans pull together to
survive the Great Depression?
 Objective 6.4: Analyze the differences between
President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression
and Franklin Roosevelt’s promise for change.
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THEME:
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 22: Crash and Depression (1929–1933)
Section 1: The Stock Market Crash
Section 2: Social Effects of the Depression
Section 3: Surviving the Great Depression
Section 4: The Election of 1932
CHAPTER 22 SECTION 3 –
SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION
When the economy…
AMERICANS PULL TOGETHER
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Throughout the country, people pulled together
to help one another.
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Neighbors in difficult circumstances helped those they saw as worse off than
themselves.
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When banks foreclosed a farm, neighbor farmers
would bid pennies on land, and then return to
the owners. These are penny auctions.
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Some Americans called for radical change;
SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM
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They believed that a fairer distribution of wealth would help to end the hard times.
Jokes and humor helped many people to fight everyday despair.
SIGNS OF CHANGE
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Prohibition Is Repealed
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In February 1933, Congress passed the Twenty-first Amendment, which
repealed the eighteenth amendment prohibiting the sale of alcohol.
The Empire State Building
 Was a symbol of hope for a brighter future
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2,500 to 4,000 people worked on the construction.
The cost of construction was about $41 million.
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At that time, it was the world’s tallest building
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had 102 stories and 67 elevators.
The End of an Era: Things that symbolized the 1920s faded away.
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Organized crime gangster Al Capone was sent to prison.
Calvin Coolidge died.
Babe Ruth retired.
SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION—
ASSESSMENT
What was a penny auction?
(A) An event at which stocks once highly valued were auctioned off for a
penny.
(B) An event at which laborers eager for work auctioned off their labor for
pennies.
(C) An event at which neighbors, in an effort to help each other, auctioned
their spare rooms for a penny.
(D) An event at which neighboring farmers bid pennies on land and
machines, which the buyers then returned to the original owners.
Which of the following did NOT symbolize an end to the prosperity
of the 1920s?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Al Capone went to jail.
Babe Ruth retired.
Riots and political upheaval erupted in the nation’s cities.
Calvin Coolidge died.
SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION—
ASSESSMENT
What was a penny auction?
(A) An event at which stocks once highly valued were auctioned off for a
penny.
(B) An event at which laborers eager for work auctioned off their labor for
pennies.
(C) An event at which neighbors, in an effort to help each other, auctioned
their spare rooms for a penny.
(D) An event at which neighboring farmers bid pennies on land and
machines, which the buyers then returned to the original owners.
Which of the following did NOT symbolize an end to the prosperity of
the 1920s?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Al Capone went to jail.
Babe Ruth retired.
Riots and political upheaval erupted in the nation’s cities.
Calvin Coolidge died.
CHAPTER 22 SECTION 4 –
When the economy…
HOOVER’S LIMITED STRATEGY
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He believed in volunteerism: businesses support Americans with
higher wages
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To help industries, Congress passed the Hawley-Smoot tariff, the
highest import tax in history.
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European countries also raised their tariffs, and international trade
suffered a slowdown.
Hoover set up the (RFC), which gave government credit to banks,
industries, and insurance companies.
 The theory was that helping business would increase jobs
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Many Americans saw it as helping bankers and big businessmen, while
ordinary people went hungry.
Hoover did not support federal public assistance because he believed it
would destroy people’s self-respect and create a large bureaucracy.
THE BONUS ARMY
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Public opinion soured for Hoover when he called
the U.S. Army to disband a protest of 20,000
unemployed World War I veterans called the Bonus
Army.
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Between June and July 1932, thousands of WWI
veterans converged on Washington, D.C. to demand
payment of a bonus promised in 1924 and redeemable
in 1945.
The ‘Bonus Army’ encamped at ‘Anacostia Flats’
outside D.C. hoping to pressure Congress into
releasing the money early.
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The House voted to pay the promised bonus of $2.4
billion – the Republican-controlled Senate rejected it
UNPOPULAR ACTIONS
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Hoover and many Republicans viewed the ‘Bonus Army’ as bums and
communists with the potential to riot in the Capitol and spark nationwide
uprisings.
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Fearing that possibility, Hoover ordered Gen. Douglas MacArthur to evacuate the
‘Bonus Marchers’ from the city without invading their camp
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On July 28th, MacArthur led a force consisting of 500 armed soldiers,
supported by five tanks, through the encampment during which the camp
was burned, several veterans were injured, and one ‘Bonus Baby’ allegedly
died from the effects of tear gas
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This incident, known to many as the ‘Battle of Anacostia Flats’, further
damaged the once-popular Hoover’s public image and helped seal Hoover’s
fate in the 1932 presidential election.
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President Hoover’s Democratic opponent in the Election of 1932 was Franklin
Delano Roosevelt
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
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FDR promised a New Deal for the American people.
He was ready to experiment with government roles in an
effort to end the Depression.
 As governor of New York, Roosevelt had set up an
unemployment commission and a relief agency.
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FDR’s wife, Eleanor, was an experienced social
reformer.
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She worked for public housing legislation,
unemployment relief, and better conditions for working
women.
When the Roosevelt’s campaigned for the
presidency, they brought their ideas for political
action with them.
THE ELECTION OF 1932
Franklin Roosevelt
Herbert Hoover
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Believed that government
had a responsibility to help
people in need.
Called for a reappraisal of
values and more controls
on big business.
Helped many Americans
reassess the importance
of “making it on their own”
without any help.
Much of his support came
from urban workers, coal
miners, and immigrants in
need of federal relief.
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Believed that federal
government should not try
to fix people’s problems.
Argued that federal aid and
government policies to help
the poor would alter the
foundation of our national
life.
He argued for voluntary aid
to help the poor and
argued against giving the
national government more
power.
Hoover gave very few
campaign speeches and
was jeered by crowds.
ROOSEVELT WINS
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Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote
and almost 89 percent of the electoral vote.
THE ELECTION OF 1932—ASSESSMENT
What was one way President Hoover wanted to battle the Depression?
(A) Federal relief programs
(B) U.S. expansion into foreign markets
(C) Stock market investment
(D) Voluntary aid
Roosevelt won public support from which groups?
(A) Urban workers and coal miners
(B) Big business executives
(C) Supporters of international trade
(D) Journalists and newspaper publishers
THE ELECTION OF 1932—ASSESSMENT
What was one way President Hoover wanted to battle the Depression?
(A) Federal relief programs
(B) U.S. expansion into foreign markets
(C) Stock market investment
(D) Voluntary aid
Roosevelt won public support from which groups?
(A) Urban workers and coal miners
(B) Big business executives
(C) Supporters of international trade
(D) Journalists and newspaper publishers
HERBERT HOOVER
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