Transcript Chapter 7 Legacies of Historical Globalization in Canada

Chapter 7
Legacies of Historical
Globalization in Canada
JOURNAL WRITE:
“To what extent have the
legacies of historical
globalization affected Canada?”
RECAP
 Legacy: Something that has been passed
on by those who lived in the past.
Historical Globalization - Canada
Early Contact:
 1500s: ships from Britain, France, Portugal,
and other European countries sail Canada’s
Atlantic coast in search of fish.
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While sailing they landed in coastal areas to
stock up on food and water for the travels
home.
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Meeting the First Peoples of the area.
Colonization in Canada
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European Fashion – “Mad Hatters”:
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The focus of exploration in New
France shifted from finding a route
to Asia to finding better ways of
collecting furs
Marking the beginning of the fur
trade and historical globalization in
Canada
First Peoples
Early Fur Trade
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First Nations of Eastern Canada helped the
French make the fur trade work.
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There was a great demand for fur in
Europe.
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This demand encouraged further exploitation of
North America.
The demand for beaver increased rapidly, when
fashionable European men began to wear felt
hats made from beaver fur.
Early Fur Trade
France – and later Britain – set up
companies similar to the East Indian
Company.
 Investors were persuaded to provide the
money needed for trading and in return
promised HIGH PROFITS!
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Ex:
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1627: France granted a royal charter to the
Company of New France.
The charter gave the company a 15 year
monopoly on the fur trade in all French territory
in the Americas.
First Nations and European Settlers
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European Settlers:
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Found environment harsh and forbidding.
Forced to deal with long and harsh winters.
Forced to deal with scarce resources.
Avoiding diseases such as “scurvy”
First Nations helped them through these
difficulties
Social Values
First Peoples
Europeans
Examining:
Beothuk

An example of a negative European and
First Peoples relationship.
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Conflict began when European fishers set
up their drying racks on the summer
fishing sites of the Beothuk.
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End result:
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The destruction of the Beothuk
Europeans and the Upper Hand
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At first, First Peoples had the upper hand in
the situation as they outnumbered the
European settlers.
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Factors that prevented the First Peoples to
drive away the European settlers:
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Fortified Villages: they defended fiercely
Had superior weapons to the traditional weapons
Formed some alliances with First Nations.
European diseases.
Legacies and Historical Globalization
Canada

Conflict between the French and Britain
emerged due to Canada’s resources.
The Seven Year War
1756 - 1763

Drew in other European powers and spread to
colonies in North America, West Africa, Cuba, the
Philippines, and India.

To define how Britain’s new North American
territories would be governed King George III
issued the Royal Proclamation was issued in
1763.
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Offered land grants to former British soldiers to
attract British settlers.
Seven Years’ War
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Proclamation - Britain:
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Limited settlement in eastern North America
Reserved for First Nations
Main peace with the First Nations
Only British government was allowed to buy land
from First Nations.
Attempted to limit European settlement
First Nations considered this proclamation
groundbreaking because it recognized the
Aboriginal title.
Legacies: The French

Many of the systems and structures that both
the French and British established during this
time continue to exist in Canada today.
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Seigneurial system:
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Land that was divided in large tracts
Given to people of noble birth – seigneurs.
Responsibility of the Seigneurs:
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Recruiting settlers
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Habitants
To clear and farm
the land
Legacies: The British
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Clashing Cultures:
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Thomas Douglas: suggested farming
settlement in Canada’s West.
Wanted 300 000 square kilometres of land
granted to him for settlement purposes.
Douglas did not take into consideration the
Metis that already resided in this area.
Tensions:
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Metis uprising: 1869-70 and 1885
European Immigration:
 After the British conquered, Canada became the
destination for thousands of European
immigrants.
 Industrial revolution caused mass unemployment
rates.
 Between 1790 and 1845 more than 750 000
immigrants arrived in Canada.
Legacy of Mercantilism:
 The country’s natural resources were shipped to
the home country, where they were used to
manufacture finished products.
 Some products were shipped back for sale in the
colony.
Historical Globalization
Indigenous People

Before the arrival of Europeans: 500 000
Indigenous people occupied the continent.
Depopulation:
 British: Pushed First Nations into
unproductive spaces keeping the best
lands for themselves.
 Traditional relationship with the land
Moves
 Disease
Assimilation
Attract European settlers to the West
required that the First Nations give up their
territory peacefully.
 Developed policies to assimilate them into
mainstream Canadian society.

Numbered Treaties:
 1871-1877: Seven treaties were signed.
 Marked the beginning of a “cash for land”
approach by the government.
 Negotiated according to the oral traditions of
First Nations.
The Indian Act
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First passed in 1876
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Encouraged assimilation
Lives of First Nations people were strictly
controlled by government officials.
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Defining who was and who was not a “status
Indian”
Banning traditional practices.
Only those who lived off the reserve could vote
in federal elections.
Residential Schools
Played a significant role in the assimilation
process.
 Indian Act made the federal government
responsible for educating First Nations
children.
 Children were removed from their families
to attend these schools.
 The families had no say, choice, or option
in this matter.

Legacies of Residential Schools
Far from children’s homes.
 Staff were poorly trained and cruel.
 Many students lost:
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Traditional values and beliefs
Languages
Culture
Many children left these schools with
emotional scars.
 When returning home their felt like strangers
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Legacies of Historical Globalization
Affects on Canada
Immigration:
 Created a diversity of cultures, languages,
perspectives, and points of view.
 Not all immigrants were always welcomes
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Based on race.
1968: Immigration policy became fairer.
 1970s: Most immigrants were of visual
minorities.
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Cultural Mosaic
Multiculturalism
1971: Introduction of Multiculturalism
policy.
 Canada is made up of many culturally
distinct groups.
 Embraces cultural pluarlism
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Multiculturalism
Negative:
 Deifenbaker: an attack on his vision of
unhyphenated Canadianism.
 Quebec: strategy to undermine Francophone
culture.
 It highlights our differences rather than
diminishing them.
Positive:
 2002 survey: 74 per cent support this policy.
The Quiet Revolution in Quebec
1960 to 1966
 The immigration process caused Quebec to
worry about assimilation.
 Quebec must support Catholicism as a way
of maintaining their own language, culture,
and values.
 Intense social, political, and economic
change.
 Gave voice to those calling for renewal of
Francophone language and culture in the
province.
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